Ответы на экзамен ГОС. Лексикология, Стилистика, Фонетика, История
языка, немного теории перевода. МГТА, 2013 год
108 страниц мелким шрифтом. Translation
Theory of translation. Basic translation theories
Translation transformations.
Translation Equivalence. Types of equivalence.
Lexicology
Language
Lexicology
Word
Morphemes. Classification of morphemes.
Native words and borrowed words.
Word-formation
Affixation
Conversion
Compounding
Semasiology
Semantic classification of words.
The noun: the category of case
The simple sentence
The Belles-Lettres Style.
Functional Style
Stylistic differentiation of the English vocabulary
Syntactical stylistic devices. Word order and completeness of the utterance
Parts of speech as the main grammatical classes of words
The categories of the verb.
The categories of noun
Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations
Stylistic Syntax
Standard English, Variants and Dialects
Stylistics
Lexical stylistic device
Stylistic classification of the English vocabulary
Classification of functional styles of language
The headline
The brief news items
Language of the newspaper. Headlines and brief news items.
Phonetics
The subject matter of phonetics. The contribution of Russian and foreign linguists into the development of phonetics as a linguistic science.
Main trends in Phoneme theory
Main trends in the phoneme theory
The connection of phonetics with other branches of linguistics.
Problems of phonostylistics
Methods and instruments of phonetic investigation.
General and special phonetics and their interconnection. Historical, descriptive and comparative phonetics as branches of special phonetics.
The definition and characteristics of the phoneme as a unity of three aspects.
Four aspects of speech sounds. Branches of phonetics based on these aspects and their connection with non-linguistic sciences.
The Structure of the intonation patte and the function of its elements.
Phonemic variants and their classification Modification of English vowels in connected speech.
Main trends in the phoneme theory
Functions of intonation.
The phoneme (it’s aspects, modifications). Methods of phonological analysis.
Phonemic variants and their classification Modification of English consonants in connected speech.
The main types of phonetic modifications
Relevant and irrelevant features of phonemic variants. The invariant. Allophones and phones.
Distribution of phonemes. Phonemic oppositions.
Classificatory principles of English consonants as the basis for the phonological oppositions in the system of English consonant phonemes.
Classificatory principles of English vowels as the basis for the phonological oppositions in the system of English vowel phonemes.
Syllable
Classification of syllables. Types of syllables.
Functional characteristics of syllables.
The expiratory theory of syllable formation.
The relative sonority theory of syllable formation.
The muscular tension theory of syllable formation.
The three types of consonant theory of syllable division.
The loudness theory of syllable formation.
Intonation
Voice tambre and temporal characteristics of intonation.
Functional characteristics of intonation.
Unemphatic and emphatic intonation.
Speech melody.
Sentence stress.
Rhythm
Word stress
Terms synonymous to stress.
The classification of word-stress.
The degrees of word-stress.
Accentuation tendencies of English.
Functional characteristics of word-stress.
The definition of a syntagm and its general characteristics.
The definition of a syntagm. The head, pre-head, tail as elements of a syntagm.
The nucleus of a syntagm. The principle nuclear tones in English.
Standard pronunciation of English and its regional variants. Received Pronunciation and non-RP dialects.
National variants of English pronunciation. The main types of American pronunciation.
English History
The History of the English Language
The Periods of the History of English
The Earliest Period of Germanic History
Classification of the Germanic Languages
Proto-Germanic Language
Old Germanic Languages:
East Germanic Languages
North Germanic Languages
West Germanic Languages
Mode classification of the Germanic Languages:
The Old English period.
Historical Background and Linguistic Situation
Old English Dialects
Old English Written Records
Old English Vocabulary
Phonetic Features of Old English
Old English Morphology
The Development of the Syntactic System
Word-Formation in Old English
Latin Borrowings in Old English
Borrowings from Classical Languages (Latin, Greek) during the Renaissance
Middle English Period in the History of the English Language
Historical Background
Linguistic Situation
Middle English Dialects
Borrowings from Classical Languages (Latin, Greek) during the Renaissance
Middle English Written Records
The Development of the Noun
New English Period in the History of the English Language
The Development of the Pronoun. The Rise of Articles
The Development of the Verb
Strong and Weak Verbs in Comparison
The Development of the Adjective
The Development of Vowel System in Middle English and New English
The Development of Consonant System in Middle English and New English
Borrowings and loan words.
Pre-Old English
Old English Period (600-1100)
Middle English Period (1100-1500)
Early New English Period (1500-1650)
Late New - Mode English (1650-present)
English around the world.
American English. Black English
English in Canada. Canadian English
Australian and New Zealand English
The spread of the English language.
108 страниц мелким шрифтом. Translation
Theory of translation. Basic translation theories
Translation transformations.
Translation Equivalence. Types of equivalence.
Lexicology
Language
Lexicology
Word
Morphemes. Classification of morphemes.
Native words and borrowed words.
Word-formation
Affixation
Conversion
Compounding
Semasiology
Semantic classification of words.
The noun: the category of case
The simple sentence
The Belles-Lettres Style.
Functional Style
Stylistic differentiation of the English vocabulary
Syntactical stylistic devices. Word order and completeness of the utterance
Parts of speech as the main grammatical classes of words
The categories of the verb.
The categories of noun
Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations
Stylistic Syntax
Standard English, Variants and Dialects
Stylistics
Lexical stylistic device
Stylistic classification of the English vocabulary
Classification of functional styles of language
The headline
The brief news items
Language of the newspaper. Headlines and brief news items.
Phonetics
The subject matter of phonetics. The contribution of Russian and foreign linguists into the development of phonetics as a linguistic science.
Main trends in Phoneme theory
Main trends in the phoneme theory
The connection of phonetics with other branches of linguistics.
Problems of phonostylistics
Methods and instruments of phonetic investigation.
General and special phonetics and their interconnection. Historical, descriptive and comparative phonetics as branches of special phonetics.
The definition and characteristics of the phoneme as a unity of three aspects.
Four aspects of speech sounds. Branches of phonetics based on these aspects and their connection with non-linguistic sciences.
The Structure of the intonation patte and the function of its elements.
Phonemic variants and their classification Modification of English vowels in connected speech.
Main trends in the phoneme theory
Functions of intonation.
The phoneme (it’s aspects, modifications). Methods of phonological analysis.
Phonemic variants and their classification Modification of English consonants in connected speech.
The main types of phonetic modifications
Relevant and irrelevant features of phonemic variants. The invariant. Allophones and phones.
Distribution of phonemes. Phonemic oppositions.
Classificatory principles of English consonants as the basis for the phonological oppositions in the system of English consonant phonemes.
Classificatory principles of English vowels as the basis for the phonological oppositions in the system of English vowel phonemes.
Syllable
Classification of syllables. Types of syllables.
Functional characteristics of syllables.
The expiratory theory of syllable formation.
The relative sonority theory of syllable formation.
The muscular tension theory of syllable formation.
The three types of consonant theory of syllable division.
The loudness theory of syllable formation.
Intonation
Voice tambre and temporal characteristics of intonation.
Functional characteristics of intonation.
Unemphatic and emphatic intonation.
Speech melody.
Sentence stress.
Rhythm
Word stress
Terms synonymous to stress.
The classification of word-stress.
The degrees of word-stress.
Accentuation tendencies of English.
Functional characteristics of word-stress.
The definition of a syntagm and its general characteristics.
The definition of a syntagm. The head, pre-head, tail as elements of a syntagm.
The nucleus of a syntagm. The principle nuclear tones in English.
Standard pronunciation of English and its regional variants. Received Pronunciation and non-RP dialects.
National variants of English pronunciation. The main types of American pronunciation.
English History
The History of the English Language
The Periods of the History of English
The Earliest Period of Germanic History
Classification of the Germanic Languages
Proto-Germanic Language
Old Germanic Languages:
East Germanic Languages
North Germanic Languages
West Germanic Languages
Mode classification of the Germanic Languages:
The Old English period.
Historical Background and Linguistic Situation
Old English Dialects
Old English Written Records
Old English Vocabulary
Phonetic Features of Old English
Old English Morphology
The Development of the Syntactic System
Word-Formation in Old English
Latin Borrowings in Old English
Borrowings from Classical Languages (Latin, Greek) during the Renaissance
Middle English Period in the History of the English Language
Historical Background
Linguistic Situation
Middle English Dialects
Borrowings from Classical Languages (Latin, Greek) during the Renaissance
Middle English Written Records
The Development of the Noun
New English Period in the History of the English Language
The Development of the Pronoun. The Rise of Articles
The Development of the Verb
Strong and Weak Verbs in Comparison
The Development of the Adjective
The Development of Vowel System in Middle English and New English
The Development of Consonant System in Middle English and New English
Borrowings and loan words.
Pre-Old English
Old English Period (600-1100)
Middle English Period (1100-1500)
Early New English Period (1500-1650)
Late New - Mode English (1650-present)
English around the world.
American English. Black English
English in Canada. Canadian English
Australian and New Zealand English
The spread of the English language.