Математика
  • формат djvu
  • размер 1.78 МБ
  • добавлен 18 октября 2011 г.
Lakatos Imre. Proofs and Refutations: The Logic of Mathematical Discovery
Cambridge University Press, 1976. - 188 p.

"Proofs and Refutations" is essential reading for all those interested in the methodology, the philosophy and the history of mathematics. Much of the book takes the form of a discussion between a teacher and his students. They propose various solutions to some mathematical problems and investigate the strengths and weaknesses of these solutions. Their discussion (which mirrors certain real developments in the history of mathematics) raises some philosophical problems and some problems about the nature of mathematical discovery or creativity. Imre Lakatos is conceed throughout to combat the classical picture of mathematical development as a steady accumulation of established truths. He shows that mathematics grows instead through a richer, more dramatic process of the successive improvement of creative hypotheses by attempts to 'prove' them and by criticism of these attempts: the logic of proofs and refutations.
Похожие разделы
Смотрите также

Azzouni J. Metaphysical Myths, Mathematical Practice: The Ontology and Epistemology of the Exact Sciences

  • формат pdf
  • размер 2.18 МБ
  • добавлен 06 сентября 2011 г.
Cambridge University Press, 2008. - 264 pages. Jody Azzouni argues in this original and exciting study that mathematical knowledge really is a special kind of knowledge with its own special means of gathering evidence. He analyzes the linguistic pitfalls and misperceptions philosophers in this field are often prone to, and explores the misapplications of epistemic principles from the empirical sciences to the exact sciences. What emerges is a pi...

Broun J.R. Philosophy of Mathematics: A Contemporary Introduction to the World of Proofs and Pictures

  • формат pdf
  • размер 11.97 МБ
  • добавлен 04 октября 2011 г.
Routledge, 2008. - 264 Pages. This book offers an intriguing sample of both traditional and current ideas in the philosophy of mathematics. Its readable style is aimed at those with more background in philosophy than in mathematics, with detailed examples usually involving only secondary-level algebra and geometry. The author (philosophy, Univ. of Toronto) states that one of his goals is to argue for Platonism. This attempt is not entirely conv...

Chihara C.H. Constructibility and Mathematical Existence

  • формат pdf
  • размер 2.42 МБ
  • добавлен 26 апреля 2011 г.
Oxford University Press, 1991. - 304 pages. Chihara here develops a mathematical system in which there are no existence assertions but only assertions of the constructibility of certain sorts of things. He utilizes this system in the analysis of the nature of mathematics, and discusses many recent works in the philosophy of mathematics from the viewpoint of the constructibility theory developed. This innovative analysis will appeal to mathematic...

Dasgupta Subrata. Shedding Computational Light on Human Creativity

  • формат pdf
  • размер 101.93 КБ
  • добавлен 25 августа 2011 г.
Publisher: MIT Press. Perspectives on Science. Volume 16, Number 2, Summer 2008. E-ISSN: 1530-9274 Print ISSN: 1063-6145. 17 pages. Abstract: Ever since 1956 when details of the Logic Theorist were published by Newell and Simon, a large literature has accumulated on computational models and theories of the creative process, especially in science, invention and design. But what exactly do these computational models/theories tell us about the way t...

Gray J. Plato's Ghost: The Modernist Transformation of Mathematics

  • формат pdf
  • размер 3.2 МБ
  • добавлен 11 августа 2011 г.
Princeton University Press, 2008. - 526 Pages. Plato's Ghost is the first book to examine the development of mathematics from 1880 to 1920 as a modernist transformation similar to those in art, literature, and music. Jeremy Gray traces the growth of mathematical modernism from its roots in problem solving and theory to its interactions with physics, philosophy, theology, psychology, and ideas about real and artificial languages. He shows how ma...

Heller M., Woodin W.H. Infinity: New Research Frontiers

  • формат pdf
  • размер 1.9 МБ
  • добавлен 16 августа 2011 г.
Cambridge University Press, 2011. - 311 pages. The infinite! No other question has ever moved so profoundly the spirit of man; no other idea has so fruitfully stimulated his intellect; yet no other concept stands in greater need of clarification than that of the infinite. - David Hilbert This interdisciplinary study of infinity explores the concept through the prism of mathematics and then offers more expansive investigations in areas beyond ma...

Irvine A. (editor) Philosophy of Mathematics

  • формат pdf
  • размер 35.61 МБ
  • добавлен 10 апреля 2011 г.
North Holland, 2009. - 733 pages. One of the most striking features of mathematics is the fact that we are much more certain about the mathematical knowledge we have than about what mathematical knowledge is knowledge of. Are numbers, sets, functions and groups physical entities of some kind? Are they objectively existing objects in some non-physical, mathematical realm? Are they ideas that are present only in the mind? Or do mathematical truths...

Jammer M. The philosophy of quantum mechanics: The interpretations of quantum mechanics in historical perspective

  • формат pdf
  • размер 18.37 МБ
  • добавлен 13 июля 2011 г.
John Wiley & Sons, 1974. - 536 pp. Everyone who has studied quantum physics and is interested in its "philosophical foundations" has no doubt picked up this book, if not to study it in detail, certainly to at least briefly peruse its contents. It is the most widely cited of all books on the philosophy of quantum physics, and apart from discussing the issues most effectively, it also could be used as an introduction to graduate-level quantum p...

Shapiro S. The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Mathematics and Logic

  • формат pdf
  • размер 3.22 МБ
  • добавлен 20 августа 2011 г.
Oxford University Press, 2005. - 856 Pages. Mathematics and logic have been central topics of concern since the dawn of philosophy. Since logic is the study of correct reasoning, it is a fundamental branch of epistemology and a priority in any philosophical system. Philosophers have focused on mathematics as a case study for general philosophical issues and for its role in overall knowledge- gathering. Today, philosophy of mathematics and logic...

Wagner Roy. Post-Structural Readings of a Logico - Mathematical Text

  • формат pdf
  • размер 172.46 КБ
  • добавлен 25 августа 2011 г.
Publisher: MIT Press. Perspectives on Science. Volume 16, Number 2, Summer 2008. E-ISSN: 1530-9274 Print ISSN: 1063-6145. 36 pages. Subject Headings: G?del, Kurt. Works. Mathematics - Philosophy. Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. Abstract: This paper will apply post-structural semiotic theories to study the texts of G?del's first incompleteness theorem. I will study the texts’ own articulations of concepts of ‘meaning’, analyze the mechanisms the...