Сибирина С. Обучение фразеологическим единицам студентов-иностранцев высокого продвинутого уровня

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ЕДВА-ЕДВА (coll.) – hardly

ЕДВА ЛИ – hardly; scarcely; I don’t think so (that, …)

ЕЛЕ-ЕЛЕ – hardly, barely

ЁЛКИ-ПАЛКИ (ЁЛКИ-МОТАЛКИ, ЁЛКИ ЗЕЛЁНЫЕ)! (highly coll.,

these forms only) – used to express annoyance, admiration, delight, surprise,

bewilderment etc.: for crying out loud!; hell’s bells; (in refer. to annoyance only) drat!;

hang it (all)!; shoot!; (usually in refer. to delight) hot dog (damn)!; (usually in refer. to

surprise or bewilderment) holy mackerel (cow)!; what do you know!; well, I’ll be!;

balls of fire!; (usually in refer. to anxiety) goodness gracious!; oh my!; dear me!

ЕЩЁ И ЕЩЁ – (to do something, something happens) repeatedly, each instance

being followed by another (often with the action becoming more intense with each

repetition): over and over (again); again and (yet) again; time and (time) again; more

and more

ЕСТЬ ХЛЕБ ДАРОМ (ЗРЯ) (coll., disapprov.) – to live or work

unproductively: not be worth one’s salt; don’t earn one’s keep (one’s daily bread);

idle away one’s time

(ЕЩË) ТУДА-СЮДА (coll.) – something or someone is not bad, is tolerable: it

will pass muster; it will do; (more or less) all right; it isn’t (so, all that) bad; one (it)

is so-so; is passable; in reasonable shape

ЖДАТЬ У МОРЯ ПОГОДЫ

; СИДЕТЬ У МОРЯ И (ДА) ЖДАТЬ

ПОГОДЫ (all coll.) – to wait for something passively, not undertaking any action – to

sit around (about) waiting for things to take care of themselves (for something to

happen); to be waiting for the sun to shine; to wait in vain for something

ЖЕЛЕЗНАЯ ДОРОГА – railroad

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ЖËЛТАЯ ПРЕССА – is a pejorative reference to media that features scandal-

mongering, sensationalism, or other unethical or unprofessional practices by news media

organizations or journalists. It has been loosely defined as "not quite libel": yellow

journalism; yellow press

ЖИВАЯ ЛЕГЕНДА (human.) – the living legend

ЖИВОЙ СВИДЕТЕЛЬ чего – be a living monument

ЖИВОТРЕПЕЩУЩИЙ ВОПРОС (lit.) – а question of vital importance

ЖИВЕЕ ВСЕХ ЖИВЫХ (human., often iron.) – the ace of aces ; ever-living;

it is more living than all living

ЖИТЬ-ПОЖИВАТЬ ДА ДОБРА НАЖИВАТЬ (стали, начали они) (folk)

– the stock phrase used at the end of folk tales: live a happy life

ЗАБЕЖАТЬ (ЗАЙТИ, ЗАГЛЯНУТЬ, ЗАСКОЧИТЬ) НА ОГОНËК к кому

(coll.) – (to call on someone) while passing by his home, having seen by his lighted

window(s) that he is home (occas. may refer to one’s calling on someone at his place

etc.): to see someone’s lights (the light in window) and drop in (decide to drop in)

ЗАБЛУДИТЬСЯ В ТРËХ СОСНАХ (coll., disapprov., human.) – to fail to

cope with a simple task, undertaking etc. (e.g., to lose one’s way in an uncomplicated

place, get confused doing something easy etc.): lose one way in broad daylight; easy as

it is (although it is simple), to lose all mixed up; screw up; put two and two together

and get three

ЗАВАРИВАТЬ / ЗАВАРИТЬ КАШУ(coll., human. or collect.) – to cause a

situation that brings about troublesome or unpleasant consequences: stir up trouble,

make (stir up, cook) a (fine) mess

ЗАВИСТЬ БЕРËТ; ЗАВИДКИ БЕРУТ кого – someone feels envious (of

another’s success, desirable qualities etc.): it makes someone (really) jealous (envious);

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be bursting with envy; it makes someone green with envy; one wishes he were as …

as someone (could do something as … as someone etc.)

ЗАДЕВАТЬ / ЗАДЕТЬ (РАНИТЬ) САМОЛЮБИЕ кого- чьë – offend /

wound somebody’s pride

ЗАДНЯЯ МЫСЛЬ – a secret intention, design: ulterior (hidden) motive;

secret thought; often БЕЗ (ВСЯКОЙ) ЗАДНЕЙ МЫСЛИ, БЕЗ (ВСЯКИХ)

ЗАДНИХ МЫСЛЕЙ – without any ulterior (hidden) motive(s) (whatsoever);

without the slightest (least) ulterior motive; without the least hidden motive.

ЗАГНИВАЮЩИЙ ЗАПАД (coll., iron) – the rotting West

< From Soviet time media

ЗАГНИВАЮЩИЙ КАПИТАЛИЗМ (coll., iron) – rotting capitalism

< From Soviet time media

ЗАЙТИ (ЗАБЕЖАТЬ, ЗАСКОЧИТЬ) МИМОХОДОМ к кому (coll.) – (to

call on someone) while passing by his home –in passing by

ЗАКИДЫВАТЬ / ЗАКИНУТЬ УДОЧКУ (coll., human.) – to say or ask

something indirectly with the purpose of finding out some information: drop a hint;

put out a feeler (feelers); to test the waters

ЗАКЛАДЫВАТЬ / ЗАЛОЖИТЬ (ЗАЛИВАТЬ / ЗАЛИТЬ) ЗА ГАЛСТУК

(euphemism, human.) – to drink alcohol, usually in considerable amounts: put away a

lot of booze; hit the bottle; to booze (it up); bend an elbow

ЗАКОЛДОВАННЫЙ КРУГ – 1. а space made impenetrable to one’s enemies

by magical spells: magic (enchanted) circle;

2. a situation in which solving one problem creates an even more difficult

problem, thus making ultimate resolution impossible: vicious circle (cycle)

ЗАКОН ПОДЛОСТИ – Murphy’s Law

ЗА КРАСИВЫЕ ГЛАЗА (coll.) – free for nothing, for free

ЗАРУБИТЬ (СЕБЕ) НА НОСУ (coll., human.) – to understand something

well, remember it, and keep it in mind to guide one’s further action: see (make sure) that

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you don’t forget it; remember once and for all; mark my words, put that in your pipe

and smoke it; (you’d better) get it into your head; don’t you dare (ever) forget it!;

you better remember!; tie a string around your finger if you have to, but remember

this (that …)

ЗА СЕБЯ И ЗА ТОГО ПАРНЯ (lit.) – to work hard: to work for oneself and

for other man

< No English equivalent because it refers to Soviet or Russian realities.

From a song "For that guy" («За того парня»), 1970, written by composer Mark

Fradkin and poet Robert Rozhdestvensky (1932- 1994) for a film “ Minute of silence”

(«Минута молчания»), 1970, director Igor Shatrov.

In December, 1974, in honor of 30-years anniversary of a victory of the USSR

above fascist Germany, two young Soviet guys have suggested to perform works for

themselves and for one of the worker of the enterprise who was the War victim. They

named this labor activity "For oneself and for that guy".

ЗАСУЧИВ РУКАВА взяться за что, работать (coll.) – (of a person) (to get

to work, to work etc.) diligently, energetically: roll up one’s sleeves and set (get down)

to work (to the job); buckle (knuckle) down to work

ЗАТКНИ ФОНТАН! (highly coll., human.) – stop talking!: put a lid on it!;

cork it!; dry up!; give it a rest!; shut up!; turn it off!

ЗА ТРИДЕВЯТЬ ЗЕМЕЛЬ от кого-чего (folk. poet, or coll.) – very far away:

at (to) the other end of the world; miles and miles away , somewhere faraway; a

long, long way (away); in (to) a faraway land; to the end of the earth

ЗАХОДИТЬ / ЗАЙТИ

В ТУПИК – (of a person, a group, a matter, an

argument etc.) to reach or end up at a point from which further progress cannot be made,

the goal in question cannot be attained, the problem in question cannot be solved etc.): be

at a loss; be nonplussed ; reach an impasse (a dead end, a deadlock); run into a

blind alley; come up against a brick wall (a dead end)

ЗАЯДЛЫЙ КУРИЛЬЩИК – chain smoker

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ЗАЯЧЬЯ ДУША (coll., diapprov., human.) – 1. a cowardly, timid person:

yellowbelly; scaredy-cat; jellyfish; chicken;

2. у кого one is as yellow as they come; one is chicken-hearted (chicken-

livered, lily-livered, yellow-bellied); one has no backbone

ЗДОРОВ КАК БЫК (coll., singular only) – (of a person, usually a man) in

very good health: as strong as a horse; healthy as a horse (an ox); (as) fit as a fiddle

ЗДОРОВО ЖИВËШЬ!; ЗДОРОВО ЖИВËТЕ! (substand., highly coll., these

forms only) – (among uneducated people) a salutation upon meeting: hey (there); hi ya;

how do; how you doin’

ЗЕЛËНАЯ УЛИЦА – а clear path, without obstacles or delays (along which a

vehicle can move, a project can develop, a plan can be implemented etc.): a green light

all the way; clear passage

ЗЕЛËНЫЙ СВЕТ – а clear path, without obstacles or delays: green light

ЗЛОСТЬ БЕРËТ / ВЗЯЛА; ЗЛО БЕРËТ / ВЗЯЛО кого на кого-что (all

coll.) – someone gets very angry (at another or on account of something : it makes him

wild / furious (with); it makes one mad

ЗНАТЬ ВСЕ ХОДЫ И ВЫХОДЫ чего, где (coll., human, the verb may take

the final position) – to be very experienced in all the details, intricacies etc. (of a

profession, job etc.): to know the ropes; to know all the tricks of the trade); to know

all the ins and outs; to know what’s what

ЗОНДИРОВАТЬ / ПРОЗОНДИРОВАТЬ ПОЧВУ (lit., human.) – to (try to)

find out about something beforehand (usually in order to determine ahead of time the

chances for success): to test (explore) the ground; to probe the ground; test the

waters; to find out how the things stand; sound (feel, check) out the possibilities; put

out feelers

ЗРИМЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ чего (lit.) – outward features

ЗУБЫ НА ПОЛКУ класть / положить (coll., human., often infinitive with

пришлось, придëтся) – to experience need, be hungry: tighten one’s belt

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ЗУБЫ НE ЛЕЧИ; ЗУБЫ НЕ ЗАГОВАРИВАЙ кому (coll., human.) – not

distract the interlocutor by talking about extraneous matters (without the goal of avoiding

an unpleasant topic, deceiving the interlocutor, persuading him to act as one wishes etc.:

don’t get round somebody; don’t distract somebody purposely by talking; don’t

spin a fine yard; don’t fool with smooth talk (with fine words); don’t put the wood

over someone’s eyes

И БЫЛ ТАКОВ (coll., human or animal, more often male) – one ran away,

disappeared: and off in a flash; and off (away) went; and that’s (that was) the last

anyone sow of someone; was gone before someone knew it; and one skipped

ИГРАТЬ В БИРЮЛЬКИ coll., disapprov.; often negative or infinitive with

хватит, перестань(те) – to occupy oneself. with trifles (with the implication that one

should be doing something serious, productive instead) – to fritter (fiddle) away the

time; fiddle (fool, putter) around; waste one’s time on trifles.

< From the name of an old game in which a large number of very small objects

(«бирюльки», jackstraws, pick-up-sticks) were scattered on a table and the players tried

to pull out one otem at a time with a small hook without disturbing the other objects.

ИГРАТЬ ПЕРВУЮ СКРИПКУ (human.) – to play the first violin part (in an

orchestra or ensemble): play the first violin (fiddle)

ИГРАТЬ (ШУТИТЬ) С ОГНËМ (human.) – to act imprudently, do things that

may bring about dangerous consequences:

play with fire; court disaster; flirt with

danger; invite trouble

ИДЕЯ ФИКС (fr), a persistent thought, idea: fixed idea; obsession

< From French idée fixe.

ИДТИ КУДА ГЛАЗА ГЛЯДЯТ брести, бежать и т.д. (coll.) – (to walk,

roam, run etc.) without choosing a specific direction, without a prepared plan, indifferent

to where one ends up: leave (run away) not caring where one is going; go anywhere

(just to get out of here (there); wander aimlessly (randomly, at random); go

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wherever one’s legs carry (take) one; walk without thinking (paying attention to)

where one is going;follow one’s nose

ИДТИ (ШАГАТЬ) В НОГУ с кем-чем (human.) – to progress at a pace equal

to that of (another person, branch of technology etc, or the times in general): keep up

(keep pace) with something; keep in step with the times; keep abreast of something

ИЗМЕНИТЬ КУРС чего, куда – to put about

ИЗ ОГНЯ ДА В ПОЛЫМЯ – (to get) out of one difficult situation, condition

etc. and (fall) into an equally difficult or more difficult one: out of the frying-pan into

fire

ИЗРУБИТЬ В КАПУСТУ кого (coll.) – to kill, destroy someone (usually in

refer. to killing one’s enemy with a saber etc.; often used as a threat): make mincemeat

(out) of someone; cut (tear, rip) someone to shreds (to ribbons, to pieces)

ИЗ РУК (ВСË) ВАЛИТСЯ у кого (coll.) – everything is coming out badly for

someone because ha lacks the appropriate mood, cannot concentrate on what he is doing

etc.: can’t do anything right; can’t do the simplest thing; make a mess of everything;

can’t put one’s mind to anything; be very awkward / clumsy; one’s fingers are all

thumbs

ИЗ РУК В РУКИ – 1. передавать, отдавать что кому; 2. ходить,

переходить, передаваться – from one person to another, from some people to others:

from hand to hand; pass around

(ИМЕТЬ) ЗОЛОТЫЕ РУКИ у кого ( human.) – someone is very skilled in his

craft or in everything he attempts to do with his hands: have golden (great) hands; be a

handy-man; be master of one’s craft

И НА СТАРУХУ БЫВАЕТ ПРОРУХА (saying) – even an experienced

person can err, blunder (said to excuse the mistakes or negligence of a person from whom

such things are not expected): even a wise man stumbles; we all make mistakes; every

man has a fool in his sleeve; everybody makes mistakes, nobody’s perfect; even the

best of us can slip up; to err is human

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И НАШИМ И ВАШИМ служить, угождать и т.д. (coll.) – (to serve, try to

please etc.) two different sides at the same time (in refer . to a person who, for selfish,

mercenary reasons or from a lack of principles, is trying to oblige two people, groups etc.

that have different opinions, views, agendas): serve two masters; work for both sides;

work for both sides of the street; one has a foot in both camps; butter one’s bread

on both sides; to run with the hare and hunt with the hounds

ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫЙ ИМИДЖ – investment image

ИСПЫТАНИЕ НА ПРОЧНОСТЬ – strength test

И ТАК И СЯК (coll.) – this way, that way and every way

И УХОМ НЕ ВЕДËТ; И УХОМ НЕ ШЕВЕЛИТ (coll., human. And animal.)

– one pays no heed (to)

ИЩИ ВЕТРА В ПОЛЕ (coll.) – (usually in refer. to people) it is no use

searching, you will not be able to find someone or something (said when someone or

something has disappeared completely and is impossible to locate): you can (go) whistle

for someone; you’ll never find (see) someone (something) again; someone

(something) is gone with the wind; go on a wild-goose chase

ИЩИ-СВИЩИ (coll.) – (usually in refer. to people) it is no use searching, you

will not be able to find someone or something (said when someone or something has

disappeared completely and is impossible to locate): you can (go) whistle for someone;

you’ll never find (see) someone (something) again; someone (something) is gone with

the wind; go on a wild-goose chase

ИЩИТЕ И ОБРЯЩЕТЕ (lit.) – seek and find; seek, and ye shall find

< From the Bible (Mat. 7:7, Nephi 14:7)

КАЖДЫЙ УГОЛОК – every corner

КАК (БУДТО, СЛОВНО,ТОЧНО) МАМАЙ ПРОШËЛ (highly coll.) –

there is complete disorder, terrible devastation (in some place); it’s as if an army had

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marched through (some place); (some place) looks like a war zone; (it’s) complete

havoc (in some place); (some place) looks as if (like) it’s been hit (struck) by a

tornado

(КАК, БУДТО, СЛОВНО, ТОЧНО) В РОТ ВОДЫ НАБРАТЬ (coll.,

human.) – (often used when contrasting a person’s silence with his initial intention to

speak, his usual talkativeness, the expectation that he speak etc.) to maintain complete

silence, as if one had lost the ability to speak: don’t say a word; keep mum; one keeps

his mouth shut; won’t say a word; clam up; (of concealing a secret, not objecting to

something etc.) has the cat got your tongue?; have you lost your tongue?

КАК ДВЕ КАПЛИ ВОДЫ похож(ий), походить (на кого-что, coll., this

form only, human) – fixed (resembling) very closely, looking completely alike: as like as

two peas (in a pod), the spitting image of; carbon copy of; perfect facsimile of.

КАК (БУДТО, СЛОВНО, ТОЧНО) ИЗ-ПОД ЗЕМЛИ вырасти,

появиться (coll.) – (to appear) suddenly, unexpectedly: (as if) out of nowhere; (spring

up) from nowhere; out of the blue; as if out of the ground; as if out of thin air; as if

by magic

(КАК) КУМ КОРОЛЮ (coll.., human.) – 1. one is successful, well-off, content

with his life, and not dependent on anyone: be doing fine for oneself

2. жить very well, in prosperity: (live) in clover; (live) high on (off) the hog;

(live) like a king (a queen); happy-go-lucky

КАК НЕ ПОРАДЕТЬ РОДНОМУ ЧЕЛОВЕЧКУ? (lit.) – Ironically about

domesticity, protectionism. How can you not help of your own? It's natural that for my

relatives I should put in a word.

(Now when it comes to offering a vacancy or giving an award.

It's natural that for my relatives I should put in a word.)

< From the classic play Woe from Wit (Grief through the Mind or Grief from

intelligence – «Горе от ума»), 1824 by Alexander Sergeyevich Griboyedov (alternative

transcription: Griboedov; Александр Сергеевич Грибоедов in Russian) (1795 –

1829).He was a Russian diplomat, playwright, and composer. He is recognized a writer

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of one book, whose fame rests on the brilliant comedy which is still one of the most

often staged plays in Russia. (Act 2 Scene 5)

КАК НИ В ЧËМ НЕ БЫВАЛО делать что, вести себя и т.д. (coll.) – (to

do something, behave) in a manner suggesting that one has not been affected by the

preceding or concurrent events (which would be expected to elicit some reaction): as if

nothing were wrong; as if nothing had happened; as if one had never seen (heard);

as if it were the most natural thing in the world; just as one used to do

КАКОЙ СМЫСЛ .... ? – what’s reason…?; there‘s no use; no earthly use

КАК ОТ КОЗЛА МОЛОКА oт кого (coll, disapprov.) with gen.: пользы,

толку – someone or something is ofabsolutely no use, help etc: as useful as tits on a

boar; good for nothing; one gets as much good out as milk from a he-goat; trying to

get some use out of someone is like trying to get milk out of a billy goat

КАК ПЕСКУ МОРСКОГО кого-чего – (some people or things are) available

in large numbers or quantities: a large amount; a lot: like the sands of the sea; as

numerous as the sands of the sea; there is plenty (of)

КАК ПИТЬ ДАТЬ (coll.) – certainly, without a doubt: as sure as sure can be;

as sure as eggs is eggs; for sure; (there are) no two ways about it; you can count on

(be sure of) that

КАК РУКОЙ СНЯЛО (coll.) – (in refer. to an illness, fatigue, emotions etc.

that) disappeared or passed immediately and completely: it vanished without a trace; it

vanished as if by magic; it was suddenly gone

КАК СИВЫЙ МЕРЕН врëт, брешет (highly coll.) – (one tells lies)

shamelessly, unscrupulously: (one lies) through (in) one’s teeth; (one lies) like a

trooper (a rug); (one is) an out-and-out (a barefaced) liar; he lies through his teeth

throat

КAK СЛОН В ПОСУДНОЙ ЛАВКЕ (coll., human.) – one is clumsy,

awkward: (be, move) like a bull in a china shop

(КАК) СОБАКА НА СЕНЕ (coll., disapprov., human) – a person who neither

uses something himself nor lets others use it: (like) a dog in the manger