Сибирина С. Обучение фразеологическим единицам студентов-иностранцев высокого продвинутого уровня
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НИ СКЛАДУ НИ ЛАДУ в чëм (highly coll.) – something lacks logic, order,
something is done without coordination etc.: neither rhyme nor reason
НИ С ТОГО НИ С СЕГО – unexpectedly and without an obvious reason: for
no reason (at all, whatsoever); for no good reason; out of the blue; all of a sudden;
apropos of nothing
НИ ТО НИ СЁ (coll., usually diapprov.) – 1. with быть or оказаться – a person
or thing that lacks distinguishing characteristics or features, that is mediocre: neither one
thing nor the other; neither this ot that; nothing out of the ordinary; run-of-the-
mill; nondescript. – 2. (rare, adverb) – in a mediocre way, neither well nor poorly,
neither positively nor negatively etc: so-so; fair to middling
НИ ТПРУ НИ НУ (highly coll.) – 1. one does nothing, takes no action (usually
when some action is expected): he won’t budge; he won’t make a move; he doesn’t do
a (damn) thing ; 2. some work (a person etc.) makes no progress: not getting
anywhere; is going nowhere (fast); can’t get thing off the ground; 3. (of a machine,
device, apparatus) something is not functioning: not working; it is on the blink (on the
fritz)
НИЧТОЖЕ СУМНЯШЕСЯ (lit., now iron. or humor.) – unhindered by
doubts, with no reservations, without vacillating: without a moment’s hesitation;
without wavering; without doubting for a moment
НОВЫЙ ГОД – New Year
НОГИ ПОДКАШИВАЮТСЯ / ПОДКОСИЛИСЬ у кого (coll.) –
someone’s legs lose their strength, become shaky, fail to support him because of intense
alarm, fear, amazement etc.: legs gave way (under him); legs buckled under him; legs
wouldn’t hold him up; legs refused to function; legs went weak; become weak in the
knees
НОС К НОСУ; НОСОМ К НОСУ столкнуться, встретиться (coll.) – (to
meet, run into one another) right up close, facing one another: (bump into someone)
nose to nose; (meet) face to face; eyeball to eyeball
НОТА БЕНЕ (НОТАБЕНА) – NB
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НУ И НУ! (coll.) – used to express surprise, delight, disapproval, reproach etc.:
how do you like that!; well, I’ll be (damned a monkey’s uncle)!; well, what do you
know!; well, I never!; it is something!; my aunt!
О
ОБВИНЯТЬ / ОБВИНИТЬ ВО ВСЕХ МЫСЛИМЫХ (И
НЕМЫСЛИМЫХ) ГРЕХАХ – to charge with all conceivable sins
ОБВОДИТЬ / ОБВЕСТИ ВОКРУГ ПАЛЬЦА кого (coll., human.) – to
deceive someone skillfully, adroitly: take someone for a ride; put (slip) one over on
someone; bamboozle (hoodwink, dupe) someone; put the wood over someone’s eyes;
make someone look like a fool (a jerk etc.)
ОБМЫВАТЬ / ОБМЫТЬ что (coll.) – to celebrate something with alcohol
ОБРУБИТЬ ВСЕ КОНЦЫ ( lit., human.) – breaking resolutely with the past,
to take an irrevocable step that makes turning back impossible: to cut the painter
ОДЕРЖИВАТЬ / ОДЕРЖАТЬ ВЕРХ над кем-чем (human.) – to overpower,
overcome (someone or something), turn out to be stronger: gain (get, have) the upper
hand over somebody (something); get the better of someone (something); win out
over …; prevail over …; one comes out on top
ОДЕРЖИВАТЬ / ОДЕРЖАТЬ ПОБЕДУ над кем – to win: gain the
victory; carry the day
ОДИН В ПОЛЕ НЕ ВОИН (saying) – the voice of one man is the voice of no
one; one man, no man
ОДИН КАК ПЕРСТ – 1. (one is) completely alone, without family, relatives:
(all) alone in the word; without kith or kin; 2. (one is) in a state of complete solitude:
alone as can be; all by oneself
ОДИН К ОДНОМУ (coll.) – 1. (usually in refer. to the physical features of
some people, animals, or things) all are exceptional, or (when a particular quality is
specified) all possess the positive quality in question to a great degree: one better than
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the other (the next); first- class (topnotch), every one of them; all equally good; you
won’t find a better bunch (group etc.); each (one) more than next; 2. (построить,
скопировать, сделать и т.д. что) (to copy something, build or make a replica of
something etc.) such that the copy or replica turns out to look precisely the same as the
original: an exact replica (carbon copy); exactly like something else; as like as two
peas
ОДИН-ОДИНËШЕНЕК; ОДИН-ОДИНËХОНЕК (all coll., human.) –
absolutely and completely alone: all alone; all by one’s lonesome; all by oneself
ОДНИМ СЛОВОМ, – (used to introduce a summary of what has been stated or
to replace part of a narration that the speaker is omitting) briefly: in a word; in short; in
brief; to make a long story short
ОДНОГО ПОЛЯ ЯГОДА (coll., human.) – (in refer. to personality traits,
behaviors etc., often negative ones) someone is very similar to another (named or
implied) person; two or more persons are very similar to each other: (are) birds of a
feather; (are) two of a kind; (are) tarred with the same brush; (are) cast in the same
mold; (are) of the same ilk (stripe); one of our kind; soul-mate
ОДНОЙ НОГОЙ В МОГИЛЕ быть, стоять (coll., human.) – (of a seriously
ill or very old person) to be nearing the end of one’s life, be near death: have one foot in
the grave; be at death’s door
(ОКАЗАТЬСЯ) У РАЗБИТОГО
КОРЫТА (остаться, сидеть и т.д.) – (to
be left) with nothing, having lost all one had gained, having had one’s hopes in
something thwarted etc.: (be left) empty-handed; (be left) with zilch; (be) no better off
than before; (be) back where one started; (be) back to square one
ОКИНУТЬ ВЗОРОМ кого-что – take in at a glance
ОКО ЗА ОКО (, ЗУБ ЗА ЗУБ) ( lit., usually indep. sent.) – an insult, injury is
avenged in the same way, a punishment is as cruel as the crime – an eye for an eye (,
and tooth for a tooth); measure for measure.
< From the Bible (Ex. 21:24 et al.)
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ОКУНУТЬСЯ (УЙТИ, ПОГРУЗИТЬСЯ) С ГОЛОВОЙ во что – (to
give oneself over something) wholly, full: become completely absorbed in something;
to become thoroughly (totally) engrossed in something; plunge (throw oneself) into
something; to go in at the deep end
ОЛУХ ЦАРЯ НЕБЕСНОГО (highly coll., derog., humor., human.) – a very
stupid, dull-witted person: birdbrain; blockhead; half-wit; numskull; perfect fool; a
dumbbell
ОПТОМ И В РОЗНИЦУ – wholesale and retail
ОПУСКАЮТСЯ РУКИ у кого (coll.) – someone becomes disheartened and
loses the desire or ability to act or work at something: one is losing heart (hope): (be)
giving up (the struggle, the fight etc.); one feels like giving up (quitting, throwing in
the towel)
ОСТАВАТЬСЯ / ОСТАТЬСЯ С НОСОМ кого (coll., human.) – (to be left or
leave someone) without something one or someone had hoped for or counted on: (be left)
high and dry (empty-handed, out in the cold, holding the bag); (get) nothing for
one’s pains; be tricked; (leave someone) with nothing to show for it
ОТБИВАТЬ / ОТБИТЬ ХЛЕБ у кого (coll., human.) – to deprive another
person of earnings or an opportunity to earn money by taking up his work; by extension
to (try to) take attention, praise etc. away from someone by infringing on his area of
activity: take the bread out of someone’s mouth; steal the spotlight from someone
ОТ
(ВСЕЙ) ДУШИ желать кому чего, благодарить кого за что,
поздравлять кого с чем, говорить кому что, жаль кому что, дарить кому что,
смеяться и т.д. – in a sincere, completely frank manner, with great feeling: (hope, wish,
thank) with all one’s hear; from the bottom of one’s heart; whole-heartedly;
sincerely (hope, congratulate); (laugh, thank) heartily; with all one’s soul
ОТ ВСЕГО СЕРДЦА желать кому чего, благодарить кого за что,
поздравлять кого с чем, сочувствовать кому, советовать кому и т
.д. – (thank,
congratulate, wish) from the bottom of one’s heart; with all one’s heart (and soul);
from the heart
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ОТ ГОРШКА ДВА ВЕРШКА (coll., human.) – (of a child or, less often, an
adult) very small in height: knee-high to a grasshopper; a little bit of a thing; peewee;
half pint; pint-size
ОТ ГРЕХА ПОДАЛЬШЕ (coll.) – in order to avoid some conflict, misfortune,
a fight etc.: (in order) to be out of harm’s way; (in order) to get away from trouble
(from temptation); (in order) to steer clear of trouble (of temptation); before
something happens to one; Let sleeping dog lie
ОТДАВАТЬ / ОТДАТЬ КОНЦЫ – 1. (nautical; human, often used as a
command) – to release the ropes or cable that hold a ship at its moorings: cast off!; let
go! – 2. (substand., human) – to die: to kick off; to kick the bucket; cash in one’s
chips; turn up in one’s toes
ОТ ДОБРА ДОБРА НЕ ИЩУТ (saying) – since the present situation is
(relatively) favorable, it is better to leave things as they are then to make a change and
risk making things worse: leave well alone; (better to) leave well enough alone;
enough is as good as a feast; don’t rock the boat; why seek anything better than
what you already have?
ОТ ЖИЛЕТКИ РУКАВА получить, достаться кому (coll.) – absolutely
nothing – a (whole) lot of nothing; not a blessed thing; fifth wheel.
ОТКРЫВАТЬ / ОТКРЫТЬ АМЕРИКУ iron. – to discover for oneself and
announce aloud sth. that has long been know, that was discovered long ago: retail stale
news; reinvent the wheel
ОТКУДА
ВЕТЕР ДУЕТ знать, понимать и т.д. (coll., disapprov.) – (to
understand) whose views, opinions etc. one should adhere to, which line of behavior is in
one’s best interests (usually of person who adjusts his opinions and behavior to those of
his superiors): know which way the wind blows; to trim one’s sail to the wind
ОТКУДА НИ ВОЗЬМИСЬ появился, выбежал, выскочил и т.д. (coll.,
most often used with verbs in perfective past) – a person or things appears etc. totally
unexpectedly, from an unknown place or source: (from) nowhere or other; (from) out
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of blue; (from) out of nowhere: out of a (the) clear blue sky; all of a sudden, (from)
out of nowhere
ОТОЛЬЮТСЯ СЛËЗЫ чьи кому за что ( coll.) – a person who inflicts pain
on another will eventually be punished for it, will suffer for it: will have to pay for one’s
tears (for what one did to someone)
ОТОРВАТЬ / ОТРЫВАТЬ С РУКАМИ (coll., human.) – 1. что to buy or
take something eagerly: sell like hot cakes; be snatched (snapped) right up; be
grabbed up; they (will) snatch something out of one’s hands;
2. кого (где) to take someone (as an employee, spouse etc.) readily: they (will)
snatch someone right up; they (will) grab in a minute (in a second); they (will) take
just like that; they’re crying out for someone like this person
ОТ СИХ (И)ДО СИХ – within the strict boundaries of what is assigned
(usually used sarcastically with the implication that by doing so one demonstrates a lack
of initiative, intellectual curiosity etc.): from here to here (there); within precise limits;
within a limited range; never beyond a definite scope; from point A to point B (and
no further)
ОФШОРНАЯ ЗОНА – off-shore zone
ОЧЕРТЯ ГОЛОВУ (coll., verbal adverb) – 1. броситься, кинуться и т.д.
(to rush) recklessly, throughtlessly: (rush, plunge, throw etc.) without thinking;
headlong (into something); rashly (into something); throuing caution to the winds
П
ПАРА ПУСТЯКОВ для кого (coll.) – something or to do something is very
easy: child’s play; a piece of cake; a cinch; (as) easy as pie; a snap; no sweat; a mere
trifle
ПАХАТЬ КАК ВОЛ (coll., nominative only) – (to work) excessively,
indefatigably: (work) like an ox (a horse, a mule, a dog); (work) one’s head off
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ПАХАТЬ КАК ЛОШАДЬ (coll., nominative only) – (to work) excessively,
indefatigably: work like a horse
ПЕРВЫЙ БЛИН КОМОМ (saying) – you can not expect your first attempt to
be successful (usually said to justify a failed first effort): the first try is bound to be a
flop (a washout); the first time is always the hardest
ПЕРЕМЫВАТЬ (МЫТЬ) КОСТОЧКИ кому, чьи (coll., human.) – to talk
unkindly about someone behind his back, discuss and criticize someone’s behavior in
detail: pick (tear) someone to pieces; gossip about someone; be dishing the dirt about
someone
< The phrase originates in the ancient custom of giving a deceased person a
second burial. While performing the customary ritual of washing the exhumed remains,
i.e. the bones («косточки»), in preparation for reburial, people recalled and spoke of the
deceased.
ПЕРЕОЦЕНКА ЦЕННОСТЕЙ (lit.) – basic revision of theories, sights,
habitual representations; reappraisal of values: revaluation of all values; transvaluation
of all values
< (German: Umwertung alter Werte) The concept from the philosophy of
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 –1900). After the publication in 1895 of the first part of his
work with the title The Will to Power. Essay of a transvaluation of all values, this
expression became very popular.
ПЕРИОД ПОЛУРАСПАДА (scientific term) – half-life (period,
disambiguation);
ПЕТЬ (ГОВОРИТЬ) С ЧУЖОГО ГОЛОСА
(coll., disapprov, human.) –
being influenced by another person (or other people) and nor having one’s own opinion,
to repeat the thoughts, opinions of that person (or people): parrot someone else’s words
(ideas, views); echo someone else’s opinion; take one’s opinions from others; have
no mind of one’s own
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ПЛАКАТЬ /ПОПЛАКАТЬ В ЖИЛЕТКУ (ПЛАКАТЬСЯ /
ПОПЛАКАТЬСЯ В ЖИЛЕТКУ) кому (coll.) – to complain about one’s lot in an
attempt to evoke sympathy – cry on somebody’s shoulder.
ПЛЫТЬ ПО ТЕЧЕНИЮ (usually disapprov., human.) – to live or act as
circumstances dictate, passively going along with whatever happen: drifts with the
current (the tide); go with the stream
ПЛЫТЬ (ИДТИ / ПОЙТИ) ПРОТИВ ТЕЧЕНИЯ (usually approv., human.)
– to live or to act in an independent, energetic fashion, in defiance of prevailing views,
ideas etc.: swim (paddle, go) against the current (the tide); to go against the stream
ПО БЛАТУ достать, получить что, устроить кого- что (coll.) – (to get,
receive, arrange something, get someone a desired position etc.) by using connections,
with the help of influential friends, contacts etc., illicitly: by pulling strings; through
(thanks to) one’s connections; by knowing the right people; use influence (to get
something); by backstairs influence
ПОВЕСИТЬ (ВЕШАТЬ) НОС (coll., human.) – to become upset,
disheartened, dejected: down in the mouth; down in the dumps; be crestfallen, be
discouraged; Negative don’t get so down in the mouth; keep your chin up
ПО ГОРЛО (coll.) – 1. занят, загружен, завален работой и т.д. (one is)
extremely (busy, overloaded with work etc.): up to the neck; up to one’s neck (ears,
eyes, elbows) in something; have one’s hands full; (be) overburdened (weighed
down, swamped); (be) buried under a pile of work
ПОДВОДНЫЕ КАМНИ (КАМЕШКИ) (sing. rare) – unseen, concealed
difficulties, obstacles, dangers: pitfalls, hidden dangers (catches, rocks)
ПОДВОДНЫЕ РИФЫ – reefs
ПОДГОТАВЛИВАТЬ / ПОДГОТОВИТЬ ПОЧВУ для чего (lit.) – to
prepare the conditions that allow for something: prepare the ground for something;
pave the way for something; set the stage for something
ПОДОБНО ТОМУ КАК – in the same way that: just as; the way…
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ПОКАЗАТЬ, ГДЕ РАКИ ЗИМУЮТ (coll., human.) – (often used as a treat) to
make things very unpleasant for someone (by punishing him, proving him wrong,
showing one’s superiority etc.): show someone a thing or two (what is what); give
someone something to remember by; give it somebody hot; make it too hot for
somebody
ПОКАЗАТЬ КУЗЬКИНУ МАТЬ кому ( highly coll., human.) – (used as a
treat) to punish someone harshly: one (will) fix wagon; make things (it) hot for
someone; give somebody his gruel; show someone who’s boss
ПОЛОЖИТЬСЯ на кого – depend upon someone
ПОЛУЧАТЬ / ПОЛУЧИТЬ НАГОНЯЙ от кого (coll., human.) – get it in
the neck, get into hot water; get a scolding
ПОМИНАЙ КАК ЗВАЛИ кого (coll.) – 1. human. or animal. someone
disappeared and has not been seen since, or will disappear and not be seen again: one left
(took off) and that’s the last we ever saw of him; and that was the last that was ever
seen; one left (disappeared) and was never heard of again;
2. (in refer. to something mentioned in the preceding context that has been lost,
stolen, borrowed etc.) something was never seen again or will never be seen again: it
disappeared without a trace; it had vanished into thin air
ПОПАДАТЬ / ПОПАСТЬ ВПРОСАК (coll., human) – to end up in
uncomfortable, embarrassing, disadvantageous situation because of one’s mistake or
one’s ignorance of something: put one’s foot in it (in his mouth); one makes a gaffe (a
blunder); one makes a fool of himself
ПОПУТНОГО ВЕТРА! (formula phrase) – good wishes to someone who is
embarking on a sea voyage (usually to sailors setting out to sea); smooth sailing!; bon
voyage!; sail free!
ПОПЫТКА НА ПЫТКА (, А СПРОС НЕ БЕДА) (saying, usually only the
first half of the saying is used) – one can go ahead and try something, nothing bad will
happen (said when it is considered worthwhile to try something, even if success is not
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guaranteed): (there’s) no harm in trying; it wouldn’t (won’t) hurt to try; nothing
venture, nothing win (gain, have)
ПОСЛЕДНИЙ ИЗ МОГИКАН (lit.) – the last representative of some trend,
social groop, political party, generation etc.: the last of the Mohicans
< Title of the Russian translation of James Fennimore Cooper’s novel The last of
the Mohicans, 1826 (translated 1833)
ПОСЛЕ ДОЖДИКА (ДОЖДИЧКА) В ЧЕТВЕРГ (coll., humor. or iron.) –
it is not known when, perhaps never: God knows when; (in response to a question) God
only knows!; your guess is as good as mine; one fine day; when hell freezes over;
once in a blue moon
ПОСПЕШИШЬ – ЛЮДЕЙ НАСМЕШИШЬ (saying) – when a person does
something hastily, without careful consideration, planning etc., he is likely to end up
failing, looking ridiculous etc.: haste makes waste; more haste, less speed
ПОСТАВИТЬ КРЕСТ– 1. на ком, на кого having become disillusioned with
someone, to cease hoping for anything good from him: have up on someone (as
hopeless); write someone off; ; erase from memory
2. на чëм, на что having become convinced that something is worthless, some
undertaking is sure to fail etc. to stop thinking about it, stop investing time, energy etc.
into it: give something up as hopeless (lost, a waste of time); kiss something good-bye
(goodbye); write something off; call it quits with something; erase from memory
ПОСТАВИТЬ НА КАРТУ что – to risk one’s life, reputation, security etc. in
hope of winning or gaining something: to play one’s last stake ; to be at stake; to laid
(put) on the line; risk at all; go for broke; lay it all on the line
ПОСТАВИТЬ (ПОДНИМАТЬ/ ПОДНЯТЬ) НА НОГИ 1. кого to cure
someone: put (get) someone back on one’s feet; to cure someone of illness;
2. кого to help someone become self-sufficient in life (usually in refer. to rearing
one’s child): raise a child; put (get) someone on his feet; help someone find his feet;
3. что to strengthen something, make something more solid, independent,
capable of functioning productively (again): put on feet (again);