Сибирина С. Обучение фразеологическим единицам студентов-иностранцев высокого продвинутого уровня

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4. кого-что to awaken some person or group of people: get (wake) someone up;

get someone out of bed (out of their beds);

5. кого-что to make someone act energetically: rouse someone; get someone

(something) moving; have someone out doing something;

6. кого-что to agitate, disturb, arouse someone (usually a group of people):

create a commotion among someone; stir someone up

ПОСТАВИТЬ (ВСЕ) ТОЧКИ НАД «И» (human.) – to clarify some matter

fully and in all its details, leaving no ambiguities: dot the “i’s” and cross the “t’s”

ПО СТАРОЙ ПАМЯТИ – (to do something) because of pleasant or

sentimental memories of times past (usually related to an old frienship, an old love, or old

traditions); as a result of a routine one followed in the past: for old times’ sake; by

(from) force of habit; out of old habit

ПОСТСКРИПТУМ ( P.S.)– post scriptum (P.S.)

ПОТËМКИНСКАЯ ДЕРЕВНЯ (lit., iron.) – fakery, a deceptive front that

conceals the miserable state of affairs behind the external splendor: Potemkin village(s);

window dressing; just for show; eye-wash

ПОТЕРПЕТЬ КРУШЕНИЕ – to make shipwreck

ПОТЕРПЕТЬ ФИАСКО (поражение, крах) (lit.) – sustain a defeat; be

defeated

ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬСКАЯ КОРЗИНА – market basket of consumer goods and

services: Consumer Price Index (CPI)

ПО УШИ В

ДОЛГАХ быть, сидеть, увязнуть; влесть, залесть по уши в

долги (coll.) – (to be or get) very deeply in debt: be up to one’s ears (neck) in debts;

(be) mired (buried) in debts; (be) deep in the hole

ПОШЛА ПИСАТЬ ГУБЕРНИЯ; (И) ПОШЛО (ПОШЛА) ПИСАТЬ

(coll., humor, these forms only) – things started up, some action was undertaken etc. in a

very intense, everything was set in motion (and developed rapidly): there they go; off

they go (went); things really began to take off; (off arguments): the fireworks started

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ПО ЩУЧЬЕМУ ВЕЛЕНИЮ (coll.) – in a most miraculous way, without

anyone’s intercession: (as if) by magic: (as if) by some magic formula: (as though) at

the wave of a (magic) wand

ПРАВДА-МАТКА (coll.) – home truth

ПРАВДАМИ И НЕПРАВДАМИ (всеми, всякими, разными и т.д.) – not

hesitating to employ any (often unscrupulous) methods: by hook or by crook; by fair

means or foul; one way or another; go(ing) to any length(s)

ПРИБИРАТЬ / ПРИБРАТЬ К РУКАМ – 1. кого to make someone submit to

oneself (esp. when trying to make him change his behavior): take someone in hand;

gain the upper hand over someone;

2. что (disapprov.) (in refer. To something that one has no right to) to appropriate

something, take something into one’s possession willfully: lay one’s hands on

something; saize something; (in refer. to power, a business etc.) take hold of

something; (in refer. to money, goods etc. only) help oneself to something; pocket

something

ПРИВОДИТЬ / ПРИВЕСТИ К ОБЩЕМУ (К ОДНОМУ, К ЕДИНОМУ)

ЗНАМЕНАТЕЛЮ кого-что – to equalize two or more objects, phenomena, or, less

often, people in some respect: reduce to a common denominator

ПРИКУСЫВАТЬ / ПРИКУСИТЬ ЯЗЫК (coll., human.) – to fall silent

suddenly or refrain from saying something: bite (hold, bridle) one’s tongue; keep one’s

mouth shut; bite back a remark

ПРИНИМАТЬ / ПРИНЯТЬ ЗА ЧИСТУЮ МОНЕТУ что (human.) – to

accept something (often something that should be treated with skepticism, mistrust) as

correct, true: take something at face value; take something in all good faith

ПРИТЧА ВО ЯЗЫЦЕХ (lit.) – a subject of general conversation, mockery,

gossip etc.: the talk of the town; a proverb and a by-word; (some place is) abuzz

with the story (of someone or something); the scandal of the neighborhood

ПРИХЛОПНУТЬ КАК МУХУ (coll.) – kill as a fly

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ПРОДУВНАЯ БЕСТИЯ (ШЕЛЬМА) (coll., disaprov.) – a sly, sneaky person,

a swindler – crafty devil; a deep one; sly fox; a slippery character; an out-and-out

rogue; a swindler.

ПРОЖУЖЖАТЬ (ПРОТРУБИТЬ, ПРОГУДЕТЬ) ВСЕ УШИ кому (о

ком-чём, про кого-что) (coll., human. or радио, телевидение etc.) – to annoy, tire

someone with constant talk about one and the same things: din into one’s ears; talk

one’s ears off (about someone or something)

ПРОПАДИ (всё, все, ты, он,она, оно.они) ПРОПАДОМ; ПРОПАДАЙ

(всё) ПРОПАДОМ (all coll., these forms only, used to express extreme displeasure with

or annoyance, irritation at someone or something) – to hell (to blazes) with something;

the devil take; go to hell (to blazes); can drop dead!; damn someone (it all)!

ПРОПУСКАТЬ / ПРОПУСТИТЬ МИМО УШЕЙ что (coll., human., with

слова, замечание, вопрос etc.) – intentionally not to take notice of or react to what is

being said or has been said: turn a deaf ear (to someone); take no notice of something;

paid no attention to something; ignore something; something go in one ear and out

the other

ПРОТЯНУТЬ НОГИ (coll., human. or animal) – to cease living: to die; (of a

person only) turn up one’s toes; gave up the ghost

ПРОХОДИТЬ КРАСНОЙ НИТЬЮ через что , где (lit.) – to be

fundamental to and pervade something: to run (like a thread) through something; to

be a central (recurrent) theme (motif) of (in) something; stand out

ПРОЩЕ ПАРЕНОЙ РЕПЫ (highly coll.) – something is extremely simple:

child’s play; (as) easy as pie; a snap (a cinch, a breeze, a piece of cake, duck soup);

(as) simple as can be

ПРОЩЕ ПРОСТОГО (coll., usually with infinitive or это) – it cost nothing to

do it

ПУСТИТЬСЯ В ПЛАВАНИЕ – to launch into

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ПУСТАЯ ГОЛОВА (coll., human.) БАШКА (substand., human) – a stupid,

empty-headed person: empty pate; blockhead; knucklehead; cabbagehead; dunce;

dummy

ПУСТИ КОЗЛА В ОГОРОД (coll., human) – to allow someone access to

some place where he may be esp. harmful or to some thing that he wants to use or exploit

for personal gain: they put the cow to mind the corn; they put the wolf in charge of

the sheep; they put the fox to guard the henhouse (the chicken)

ПУСТИТЬСЯ НА ВОЛЮ ВОЛН – to turn adrift

ПУСТЬТЬСЯ / ПУСКАТЬСЯ НАУТËК (coll., human. or animal.) – take to

one’s heel; show a clean pair of heels

ПУТËВКА В ЖИЗНЬ (rather lit. or media, singular only) – something (an

institution, organization, someone’s support etc.) that helps a person to begin functioning

independently and successfully, something (someone’s professional approval, backing

etc.) that helps (a project, undertaking etc.) to be implemented, adopted, developed etc.:

(give someone (something) a start in life

(РАБОТАТЬ) ДО СЕДЬМОГО ПОТА (coll.) – (of a person) (to work etc.)

diligently, excessively, energetically: work to the point of collapse

(РАБОТАТЬ) ЗА СЕБЯ И ЗА ТОГО ПАРНЯ (lit.) – to work excessively,

indefatigably to work for yourself and a other man

(РАБОТАТЬ) ЗАСУЧИВ РУКАВА (coll.) – (of a person) (to get to work, to

work etc.) diligently, energetically: roll up one’s sleeves and set (get down) to work

(to the job); buckle (knuckle) down to work

(РАБОТАТЬ) ЗА ЧЕТВЕРЫХ (coll.) – (of a person) (to work etc.) diligently,

energetically: do the work of four

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РАБОТАТЬ (ТРУДИТЬСЯ) КАК ВОЛ (coll., nominative only) – (to work)

excessively, indefatigably: (work) like an ox (a horse, a mule, a dog); (work) one’s

head off

(РАБОТАТЬ) КАК ПРОКЛЯТЫЙ (coll.) – (of a person) (to work etc.)

diligently, excessively, energetically: to work like a damned man

РАБОТАТЬ (ТРУДИТЬСЯ) НЕ ПОКЛАДАЯ РУК – to work diligently,

without stopping: to work nonstop; without respite (a break, a moment’s rest);

without taking a moment off; tirelessly; to work like crazy

(РАБОТАТЬ) СПУСТЯ РУКАВА (coll., disapprov.) – (to work, to do

something) carelessly, haphazardly, without an honest attempt: any old way; in a

slipshod manner; scamp one’s work; sloppy; halfheartedly; slapdash: lazily

РАДИ БОГА; БОГА РАДИ (coll.)– 1. used to express beseechment, entreaty,

please, I implore you: for God’s (goodness’, heaven’s, mercy’s) sake; I beg og you:

for the sake of all that’s holy;

2. surely, naturally (used to express compliance with a request or agreement with

a statement): by all means!; of course!; (in response to a request) please do!; (in

response to a question or request with negated predic.) of course not!; certainly not!;

heavens, no!

РАЗБИТЬ НА́ГОЛОВУ – crush, rout, defeat utterly

РАЗБИВАТЬСЯ / РАЗБИТЬСЯ (РАСШИБАТЬСЯ / РАСШИБИТЬСЯ)

В ЛЕПË

ШКУ (highly coll., human.) – to make every effort, do everything possible to

achieve something (or for someone’s sake): do whatever it takes (to achieve

something); knock (lay) oneself out; bend over backward; go out of one’s way

РАЗВЕСИСТАЯ КЛЮКВА (humor or iron.) – a totally improbable,

nonsensical story betraying the storyteller’s complete ignorance of the subject matter; a

pure fabrication: tall tale (story); cock-and-bull story; myth, fable

РАЗДЕЛЫВАТЬ / РАЗДЕЛАТЬ ПОД ОРЕХ (coll., human.) – 1. кого to

scold someone severely, criticize someone mercilessly: give it to one’s hot (but good);

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give someone a going-over (a good dressing-down); cut (pick) someone to pieces; let

someone have it (with both barrels);

2. кого-что to defeat (the enemy, an athletic team, a competitor etc.)

overwhelmingly: crush (cream, lick) someone (something); make mincemeat out of

someone (something); wipe (mop) up the floor with someone; haul somebody over

the coals;

3. что to do something thoroughly, well: do a splendid (fine, crackerjack) job

with (on) something

РАЗ ПЛЮНУТЬ кому (highly coll.) – doing something is very easy, requires

very little effort (from someone): doing something is a cinch (a snap, a breeze, nothinf,

no swear, as easy as pie) for someone; doing something is a piece of cake (a snap)

for someone; (there’s) nothing to it (to doing something); doing something is as easy

(for someone) as falling off a log

РАНО ИЛИ ПОЗДНО – something will certainly happen, come to pass etc.,

sometime in the future: sooner or later; in the end; ultimately

РАСХЛЁБЫВАТЬ КАШУ (coll., human or collect., often with пусть, надо,

нужно,приходится etc.) – to rectify a difficult, troublesome, or unpleasant matter: to

clear it (things) up; to straighten it (things) out; to deal with the mess; to get oneself

out of trouble (a mess, a jam)

РОЖДËННЫЙ ПОЛЗАТЬ ЛЕТАТЬ НЕ МОЖЕТ. (lit., saying) – The one

who was born crawling, is not meant to fly.

< From the poem in prose A song about the Falcon («Песня о Соколе»), 1898

by Maxim Gorky (Максим Горький) (1868—1936).

РУБИТЬ / ИЗРУБИТЬ В КАПУСТУ кого ; ИЗРУБИТЬ (ИСКРОШИТЬ)

В ЛАПШУ кого (all coll.) – to kill, destroy someone (usually in refer. to killing one’s

enemy with a saber etc.; often used as a threat): make mincemeat (out) of someone; to

cut (tear, rip) someone to shreds (to ribbons, to pieces)

РУКА НЕ ПОДНИМАЕТСЯ (НЕ ПОДЫМАЕТСЯ / НЕ ПОДНЯЛАСЬ)

у кого (+инф., coll., used without negation usually in questions, to convey the opposite

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meaning) – на кого someone lacks the resolve to hit, beat, or kill another: one can’t

bring oneself (+ infinitive) to hit (kill etc.); one doesn’t have the heart (doesn’t have

it in him) to hit (kill etc.) someone; one can’t lift a hand against someone;

РУКА РУКУ МОЕТ ( saying) – two parties cover for or assist each other in

certain matters (which are, or are considered by the speaker to be, dishonest,

reprehensible, undesirable etc.) – one hand washes the other; you roll my log and I ‘ll

roll yours; you scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours; you (they etc.) all look after

each other; it’s matter of give-and-take; honor among thieves

РУКИ ЧЕШУТСЯ / ЗАЧЕСАЛИСЬ; РУКИ ЗУДЯТ(СЯ) у кого ( coll.) –

1. (на кого) – someone wants very much to have a fight, beat someone up etc.: one is

spoilling (itching) for a fight; one is itching (dying) to get (lay) his hands on

someone;

2. (что делать or на что) someone wants very much to do something or start

doing something: one is itching (dying) to do something; one’s hands are itching to

do something; one is champing at the bit; one’s fingers are itching

РЫНОЧНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА – the market economy

САМИ С УСАМИ (coll., human.) САМ С УСАМ (substand.) – we are (or I

am) not stupid, we (or I) understand things (or the matter in question) perfectly well (no

worse than others): we weren’t (I wasn’t) born yesterday (either); we (I) know what’s

what (too); we (I) know a thing or two about something our self (myself); we are (I

am) not a babe in the woods; we (I) have got brains, too

САМ КАШУ ЗАВАРИЛ, САМ И РАСХЛЁБЫВАЙ (saying) – you have

caused an unpleasant, troublesome situation and now you must face the consequences

and remedy it yourself (said when the speaker or another person withdraws from

participation in something troublesome started by someone else, or refuses to help

someone rectify a situation): you have made this mess, now you must clear it up; you

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have made your bed and you must (can) lie in it; as a man makes his bed, so must he

lie; as you brew, so must you drink.

СБИВАТЬСЯ / СБИТЬСЯ С НОГ (coll., human.) – to bustle about to the

point of exhaustion (doing chores, looking for someone or something etc.); to become

exhausted (from bustling about doing chores, looking for someone or something): be run

one’s legs (feet) off; be ready to drop (collapse)

СБОКУ ПРИПËКА; СБОКУ-СПИПËКУ (both highly coll., these forms

only) – 1. entirely unneeded, superfluous, not belonging (to the matter, event, or group in

question): be totally unnecessary; entirely out of place; odd man out; 2. сказать,

сделать что (to say or do something) rashly, without sufficient basis or obvious reason:

out of the blue; all of a sudden

СВАЛИТЬСЯ НА ГОЛОВУ к кому (coll.) – drop on someone’s head ;

catch one by surprise

СВЕЖО ПРЕДАНИЕ, НО (А, ДА) ВЕРИТСЯ С ТРУДОМ (lit., used as

indep. sent.) – Fresh is the story, yet it is doubtful to me; dram it mind

< From the classic play (Act II, Scene 2) Woe from Wit (Grief through the Mind

or Grief from intelligence – «Горе от ума»), 1824, by Alexander Sergeyevich

Griboyedov (alternative transcription: Griboedov; Александр Сергеевич Грибоедов in

Russian) (1795 – 1829). He was a Russian diplomat in Persia, composer and the author

of the immortal book. He is recognized a writer of one book, whose fame rests on the

brilliant comedy which is still one of the most often staged plays in Russia.

if I look comparing the present

With the glorious past, to me it's evident:

Fresh is the story, yet it is doubtful to me

Как посравнить, да посмотреть

Век нынешний и век минувший:

Свежо предание, а верится с трудом.

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С ВЫСОТЫ ПТИЧЬЕГО ПОЛЁТА; С ПТИЧЬЕГО ПОЛЁТА (this forms

only) – 1. senn from high up, from a place allowing one to see everything: (get, have) a

bird’s eye view (of something); (look at something) from a bird’s-eye view;

2. – судить (о ком-чем), рассматривать что и т.д. – (to judge someone or

something) without an in-depth analysis: a bird’s-eye view (of a subject); (judge)

superficially

СВЯТАЯ СВЯТЫХ чего (elevated, rhetorical) – 1. a well-protected place

inaccessible to the uninitiated: the holy of holies; the inner sanctum; the sanctum

sanctorum;

2. something very dear, sacred: the holy of holies; the sacrosanct (hallowed)

principle

С ГЛАЗ (МОИХ) ДОЛОЙ ! (С ГЛАЗ чьих уходить, убираться,

прогонять кого, убирать что и т.д. (coll., this forms only) – away from some person,

so that one (someone or something) will not be in view of that person; or away from

some place, so that one will not be present at that place: (of a person) get out of my

sight!; make oneself scarce; get (clear) out (of here); see to it that someone kicked

out of some place; (of a thing) get (put) something out of one’s sight; remove

something from sight (view)

С ГЛАЗУ НА ГЛАЗ говорить, беседовать, оставаться и т.д., разговор,

беседа и т.д. (coll.); ГЛАЗ НА ГЛАЗ (obsolete) – (to talk) privately, (to remain) solely

with one other person, excluding anyone else: in private; alone (with someone); entre

nous; without witnesses; confidentially

С ГОЛОВЫ ДО НОГ (ДО ПЯТ, ДО ПЯТОК) (coll., these forms only) –

from head to foot (to toe); from top to toe; to the teeth (to the hilt)

СГОРАТЬ ОТ НЕТЕРПЕНИЯ – burn with impatience

СГОРАТЬ / СРОРЕТЬ ОТ (СО) СТЫДА (coll., human.) – to experience

intense shame, embarrassment: burn (up) with shame; die (nearly die) of shame; be

bitterly ashamed of oneself; be embarrassed to death

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СГУЩАТЬ / СГУСТИТЬ КРАСКИ (human., often with на стоит, не надо,

не будем etc.) – to overstate something, making it seem considerably worse, gloomier

etc. or more important, better etc. than it is in reality: lay (put, spread) it on thick (with

a trowel); pile it on (thick);(grossly) exaggerate (it, things)

С ГУЛЬКИН НОС (highly coll.) – 1. very little (more often in cases when the

amount is considered inadequate): almost no; hardly any; (only) a little (tiny) bit; just

a smidgen;

2. very small (in size, amount etc.) (teeny) tiny; negligible; minuscule; (amount

to) a hairbreadth; less than nothing

СДЕPЖИВАТЬ / СДЕРЖАТЬ (ДЕРЖАТЬ) (СВОË) СЛОВО (human.) –

to fulfill one’s promise: one keeps his word (promise); one is true to his word; be as

good as one’s word; stick to one’s word; make good on his promise

СЕБЕ НА УМЕ (coll., human.) – one is guarded, tight-lipped (with regard to

his plans, intentions etc.) guileful, protective of his own interests etc. (the focus may be

on any combination of the above elements; may imply that one’s plans etc. are not

aboveboard): one is selective (close-mouthed, sly etc.); one plays a deep game; one

knows on which side one’s bread is buttered

СЕМИ (СЕМЬ) ПЯДЕЙ ВО ЛБУ (coll. ; this form only; usually with быть or

иметь) – one is very intelligent, quick-witted, has remarkable abilities: as wise as

Solomon; as smart as a whip; be a genius, a real brain, the smartest man in the

world; be as wise as an owl, as shrewd as a fox

СЕРДЦЕ ОБРЫВАЕТСЯ / ОБОРВАЛОСЬ (ПАДАЕТ / УПАЛО) у кого

(coll., human.) – someone feels as if his heart has momentarily stopped beating (from

fear, alarm, sudden foreboding, disappointment etc.): one’s heart skipped (missed) a

beat; one’s heart jumped; one’s heart sank; someone (something) nearly gives

someone heart failure

СЕРДЦЕ НЕ ЛЕЖИТ у кого к кому-чему (coll.) – you can not force yourself

to like someone or something: have no liking for; the heart has a will of its own