Сибирина С. Обучение фразеологическим единицам студентов-иностранцев высокого продвинутого уровня

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green; someone is too young to know any better; one is young and green; one has a

lot to learn!

МОРЕ ПО КОЛЕНО (кому, coll., often human., this form only, used to

characterize a brave, reckless person) – nothing frightens someone: three sheets in the

wind; one is a daredevil; one is scared of nothing; one is a devil-may-care person (man);

one feels equal to anything; (in refer. to bravery induced by drinking): one is full of

drinking bravado; one is all Dutch courage

МОРОЧИТЬ / ЗАМОРОЧИТЬ ГОЛОВУ кому (coll.); ДУРИТЬ /

ЗАДУРИТЬ ГОЛОВУ кому (highly coll., human) often in questions, negative

imperative with перестань, нечего etc. – 1. to deceive, intentionally mislead someone: to

pull the wool over someone’s eyes; to lead someone up (down) the garden path; to

try to put something over on someone; to play games with someone; to make (try to

make) a fool of someone; Neg. Imperative: не морочь мне голову!: don’t take me for

a fool;

2. (кем-чем) to annoy or distract someone with trifling matters, unnecessary

chatter, absurd requests etc.: one is driving someone crazy (with something); one

makes someone’s head spin; one makes someone dizzy; one is pestering someone

(with something);

3. to captivate someone, cause someone to fall in love with one: one turned

someone’s head; one made someone fall for something

МОЧИТЬ В СОРТИРЕ (highly coll., slang) – to kill, destroy someone (usually

in refer. to killing one’s enemy with a saber etc.; often used as a threat): “wet (cap)

someone in the toilet”

< Made famous by Russian President Putin. From the public speaking of Vladimir

Putin on Chechen extremists, on September 24, 1999: "We'll follow terrorists

everywhere. We will corner the bandits in the toilet and beat the hell out of them."

("We'll blast them out, even in the shit-house")

МУКА МУЧЕНИЧЕСКАЯ (sing. only) – very intense suffering or torture:

unbearable suffering; sheer torture; absolute misery (torment); no end of trouble

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МУТИТЬ ВОДУ (coll., usually disapprov.) – 1. to confuse a certain matter

intentionally, muddle some facts (usually trying to deceive someone, misrepresent the

real situation: to muddy the water; to confuse the issue (things); 2. to sow discord

between people: one is stirring up trouble; one is stirring things up; one is causing

(making) trouble

МЫШИННАЯ ВОЗНЯ (БЕГОТНЯ, СУЕТА, СУТОЛОКА) (disapprov.) –

pursuit of trivial and/or vain interests accompanied by excessive bustle (and something

involving intriguing): (one is wrapped up in etc.) petty intrigues (cares, concerns);

petty scheming (machination)

НА АВОСЬ (coll.)– (to venture something) counting on the good fortune,

success, even though chances may be against success: on the off-chance; hoping for the

best: trusting to luck; chance it; in limited context by guess and by God

НА БЕЛОМ СВЕТЕ – in the wide world

НА БЛЮДЕЧКЕ С ГОЛУБОЙ КАЕМОЧКОЙ подавать, преподносить

что-нибудь; НА БЛЮДЕЧКЕ С (ЗОЛОТОЙ КАЕМОЧКОЙ); НА БЛЮДЕ all

coll – without the recipient’s having to work hard to obtain it: on a silver platter

НАБРАТЬСЯ ХРАБРОСТИ – pluck up one’s courage; screw up one’s

courage

НА ВАШЕМ (чьём-либо) МЕСТЕ – If I were you; If I were in your shoes

НАВОДИТЬ / НАВЕСТИ ТЕНЬ НА ПЛЕТЕНЬ (coll., human, often with

нечего, хватит, зачем, не надо, не нужно, the verb may take the final position) – some

clear issue or matter, present it differently than it is in reality, often in order to confuse or

delude someone: be confusing (clouding, fogging, obscuring) the issue; to confuse

matters; to fool someone

НА ВОРЕ ШАПКА ГОРИТ (saying) – a person who is guilty of something

cannot hide his guilt (said when a person unwittingly shows himself to be guilty through

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his behavior or words in a case when he otherwise would not have been suspect: that’s

his (her) guilty conscience speaking; if the cap fits, wear it

НАВОСТРИТЬ УШИ (coll., human or animals) – to prepare to listen or begin

listening with intense attention and interest: prick up one’s ears; cock one’s ears; be all

ears

НА ВСЕХ ПАРУСАХ мчаться, лететь, нестись и т.д. куда (coll.) – (to

rrace, run toward some place or, speed, with figuratively, advance toward some goal)

with great speed, with the utmost effort: under full sail; at full (top) speed; at full

throttle; full speed ahead. Also: very quickly: on the double; in short order; posthaste

НА ГРЕБНЕ ВОЛНЫ (славы, удачи) – on the top of the wave

НАГРЕВАТЬ / НАГРЕТЬ РУКИ на чём (coll.) – feather one’s nest; line

one’s pocket

НА ДЕРЕВНЮ ДЕДУШКЕ (lit.) – (letter) without the address

НАДРАТЬ УШИ (кому, usually of children, coll.) – beat someone up; to

punish

НА ЖИВУЮ НИТКУ (coll.) – 1. сшить, сметать что to sew something

together lightly, just so it hold together: baste; tack; stitch together loosely;

2. построить, сколотить, сделать что (to build, make something, put

something together) carelessly, flimsily: shoddily (hastily, any old way, in a slipshod

manner); knock (slap) something together; haphazardly hook something together;

anyhow; helter-skelter; jerry-build something

НА КОРОТКОЙ (НА ДРУЖЕСКОЙ) НОГЕ быть, держаться,

находиться с кем (all coll., human, these forms only) – (to have or enter into) a close,

friendly relationship with someone: be on friendly terms with someone; be on a

friendly footing with someone; be in solid with someone

НА КРАЮ СВЕТА (ЗЕМЛИ) (coll., these forms only) – very far away: at the

end of the earth (the world); at the very ends of the earth; at the back of beyond; at

the back lands ( back countries)

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НА МЕЛИ быть, сидеть, оказаться и т.д. (coll., human.) – to be (be left

etc.) with very little or no money: be short of (on) cash; be pressed for cash; be

completely (practically) without means; in low water; on the rocks

НА НОСУ (coll.) – something will happen (ensue) in the immediate future, very

soon: it’s near (close) at hand; it’s just around the corner; it’s almost here; it’s

(almost) on top of us (upon us); it’s almost (time for) something

НА ОГОНËК к кому зайти, заглянуть, забежать, заскочить и т.д. – (to call

on someone) while passing by his home, having seen by his lighted window(s) that he is

home (occas. may refer. to one’s calling on someone at his office after hours etc.): to see

one’s light(s) (the light in one’ window) and drop in (decide to drop in)

НА ОДНО ЛИЦО (coll.) – some people (things etc.) are or seem to be identical

in appearance to one another, devoid of individual distinctions: (look, seem to be)

exactly the same (exactly alike); as like as two peas (in a pod)

НА ПЛАВУ быть, держаться – under way

НА ПОЛЕ БРАНИ ( elevated) – be on the territory when a battle takes place:

on the field of battle; on the battlefield; on the battleground

НА РЫБЬЕМ МЕХУ (у кого; coll., humor., a noun denoting an item of outer

clothing) – (something is) of no use to a person against the cold, of no warmth, often

because it is worn-out: пальто на рыбьем мeху: оne’s coat has no warmth to it; one’s

coat offers no (little) protection from the elements; one’s coat is no protection from

cold; one’s coat is threadbare; flimsy

НА СЕДЬМОМ НЕБЕ быть, чувствовать себя (human.) – (to be, feel)

boundlessly happy: (be) in the seventh heaven; (be) on cloud nine; on top of the

world; (be)walking on air

НА ТОЧКЕ ЗАМЕРЗАНИЯ – at freezing-point

НАМЫЛИТЬ ШЕЮ кому (substand., human.) – to beat someone severely:

give someone a good beating (thrashing); give somebody a dressing-down

НАСУПИТЬ (НАХМУРИТЬ) БРОВИ – frown, knit one’s brows

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НЕ АХТИ КАКОЙ (КАКАЯ) (coll.) – not especially good, rather poor: not so

great (hot); not too pretty; not the best (the greatest, the most brilliant etc.); nothing

to rare (to brag, to write home) about

НЕ БЕРИ В ГОЛОВУ – don’t take into head ; take it easy

HEБO В ОВЧИНКУ КАЖЕТСЯ / ПОКАЗАЛОСЬ кому (highly coll.; in

refer. to a short-lived. intense. sensation) – someone experiences extreme fear,

intolerable pain etc.: one thought (felt like) that this was the end of him; one thought

(felt like) he was going to die (on the spot); one felt as if the sky were about to come

crashing down on his head (on him); one was frightened (scared) out of his wits

НЕ БУДИ ЛИХА, ПОКА ОНО ТИХО (saying) – Let sleeping dog lie

НЕ ВЕЛИКА ( НЕ БОЛЬШАЯ) ХИТРОСТЬ (coll., these forms only) –

doing something is not complicated, does not require any special talent or effort: doesn’t

take many brains, easy enough; no big deal (thing); it doesn’t take (require) any

great skill to do this; it doesn’t take a genius

НЕ ВИДЕТЬ ДАЛЬШЕ СОБСТВЕННОГО (СВОЕГО) НОСА (coll.,

disapprov., human.) – to be narrow-minded, limited in one’s outlook, fail to see the full

scope of a situation: not see an inch before one’s nose; not able to see farther than the

end of one’s (own) nose; not see beyond (farther than) one’s nose

НЕ ВСË ТО ЗОЛОТО, ЧТО БЛЕСТИТ (saying) – a person or thing may not

be as good, valuable etc. as he or it appears to be on the surface: all that glitters is not

gold; all is not gold that glitters

НЕ В СВОЕЙ ТАРЕЛКЕ быть, бывать, находиться, чувствовать себя

(coll.) – 1. (to be) in an unpleasant, negative state of mind, (to feel) worse than one

usually does: be (feel) out of sorts; don’t feel (quite) like himself; be down in the

dumps;

2. (often in refer. to social situations) as if one does not belong in the given

milieu, company etc.: feel ill at ease; feel uneasy (uncomfortable, out of place); be out

of one’s element

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НЕ ИДЁТ (НЕЙДЁТ) / НЕ ПОЙДЁТ В ГОЛОВУ (НА УМ) кому (coll.,

human.) – the thought of something (or of doing something) does not occupy someone’s

mind; someone does not feel like doing something (often because of his preoccupation

with something else: one couldn’t (even) think of something; one can not grasp /

comprehend something; one can’t keep his mind on anything

НЕ ИМЕЕТ НИКАКОГО СМЫСЛА – there‘s no use; no earthly use

НЕ КО ДВОРУ / КО ДВОРУ (где, кому) быть, прийтись,оказаться (coll.,

human, usually negative) – someone is (not) welcome (at some place), (not) suited or

corresponding to someone’s requirements: (not) to be wanted; (not) fitted well (aptly);

fitted right in; Neg: didn’t fit in; one was out of place (at place)

НЕ МУДРСТВУЯ ЛУКАВО lit. – plainly, unaffectedly, without excessive

pondering, speculation etc. – simply and unpretentiously; without unnecessary

embellishment; without being (trying to be) too clever about it; without further ado;

without undue theorizing.

< Words of the chronicler Pimen in tragedy Boris Godunov («Борис Годунов»),

1825 by Aleksander Pushkins (1799—1837):

Описывай, не мудрствуя лукаво,

Все то, чему свидетель в жизни будешь.

НЕ НАХОДИТЬ ( НЕ МОЧЬ НАЙТИ) СЕБЕ МЕСТА (от чего) (coll.) –

to be extremely worried, anxious, restless (often in fear for a loved one’s safety, in

anticipation of an important event etc.): не находить себе места от волнения, от

тревоги – to be beside himself (with worry); nearly go out of one’s mind; can’t rest

for worry.

НЕ (ОДИН) РАЗ – a few, several, or multiple times: more than once; time

and time again; many a time; many times

НЕ ПО ГОДАМ – not in accordance with one’s age: for one’s age; beyond

one’s years

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НЕ ПО ДНЯМ, А ПО ЧАСАМ расти, развиваться, изменяться и .т. д.

(coll.) – (to grow, change etc.) very rapidly: by the hours; by hours rather than by

days; not by the day, but by the hours; by leaps and bounds

НЕ ПОКЛАДАЯ РУК работать, трудиться – to work diligently, without

stopping: to work nonstop; without respite (a break, a moment’s rest); without

taking a moment off; tirelessly; to work like crazy; without putting away the hands

НЕ ПОНИМАТЬ НИ БЕЛЬМЕСА не знать, на смыслить в чëм (highly

coll., human.) – to know or understand nothing (about something): don’t know beans

(squat) about something; don’t know (understand) a thing (the first thing) about

something; don’t have the foggiest (notion) about something; don’t have a clue;

can’t say two words in something

НЕ ПРИХОДИТ (НЕ ИДЁТ, НЕЙДЁТ, НЕ ПОЙДЁТ) В ГОЛОВУ (НА

УМ) кому что (coll.) – 1. the thought of something (or of doing something) does not

occury someone’s mind; someone does not feel like doing something, often because if his

preoccupation with something else: never entered someone’s head (mind); has not

even entered one’s head ; can’t think of nothing else; that’s all one ca think about;

2. a noun denoting some material, a subject matter etc. that can be learned or

memorized (often ничего) is not remembered or comprehended by someone; one cannot

retain something in his memory: this doesn’t stick (in one’s mind); one can’t make

НЕ РОВËН ЧАС (old-fash., coll.) – 1. used to express fear that something

unpleasant or dangerous may happen: who knows; you never now; one never knows;

2. used to indicate that some unspecified dangerous, unpleasant etc. thing may

happen (often used as a conclusion after a warning): you never know what might

happen; all kinds of things could happen; something might (could) go wrong

НЕ САХАР кому с кем or где (human.) – someone (being with someone or

somewhere) is unpleasant, disagreeable, difficult: one is no prize (no angel, no jam);

(life, work, doing something) is not all milk and honey; is no fun (no bed of roses, no

picnic); is no lump of sugar (no piece of candy)

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НЕ СЕГОДНЯ-ЗАВТРА (coll.) – imminently: any day now; any time (now);

at very moment (now); very soon; in no more than a day or two

НЕСМОТРЯ НИ НА ЧТО – under any circumstances, despite all abstacles:

despite everything (all); in spite of everything; regardless; regardless of anything

(everything, what happens etc.); no matter what; against all (the) odds

НЕ СМЫКАЯ ГЛАЗ (human.) – not to sleep at all or not to be able to fall

asleep: without closing one’s eyes; without getting a wink of sleep

НЕСОЛОНО ХЛЕБАВШИ уходить, уезжать, возвращаться и т.д. (coll.)

– (to leave, return home etc.) not having gotten what one came for, disappointed: empty-

handed; get nothing for one’s pains; without having accomplished anything

НЕ СОСТАВЛЯЕТ ТРУДА кому – something does not deserve the energy

that was or will be expended on it: it is not worth the trouble (time)

НЕСТИ АХИНЕЮ (coll., human) – talk nonsense

НЕ СТО́ИТ – there’s no use; no earthly use; don’t mention it; not at all

НЕ ТЕРЯТЬ ГОЛОВЫ (coll., human.) – do not lose one’s poise, common

sense: keep one’s head

НЕТ НИКАКОГО СМЫСЛА – there‘s no use; no earthly use

НЕ УДАРИТЬ ЛИЦОМ В ГРЯЗЬ (coll.) – to carry out some matter well, as it

should be carried out, and thereby make a favorable impression on someone (often as a

means of proving one’s professional competence or in an attempt tp show off): don’t

disgrace oneself; don’t fall flat on one’s face; refuse to be outdone; come through in

good fashion (with honor); put up a good show; make a creditable showing

НЕ УЧИ УЧËНОГО (coll.) – do not give advice to those who are more

experienced at something than you are: an old fox needs not (doesn’t need) to be

taught tricks; you can't teach an old dog new tricks; don’t teach your grandmother

to suck eggs

НЕЧЕМ КРЫТЬ; КРЫТЬ НЕЧЕМ кому (coll.) – someone has no valid,

convincing argument to offer as an objection to or refutation of some statement: there’s

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nothing one can to say to that; one hasn’t a leg to stand on; one has no (real)

weapons to meet this argument

НИ БЕ НИ МЕ не знать, не понимать, не смыслить в чëм (highly coll.,

human) – to know or understand nothing (about something): don’t know beans (squat)

about something; don’t know (understand) a thing (the first thing) about something;

don’t have the foggiest (notion) about something; don’t have a clue; can’t say two

words in something

НИ БЕ НИ МЕ НИ КУКАРЕКУ не знать, не понимать, не смыслить в

чëм (highly coll., human) – to know or understand nothing (about something): don’t

know beans (squat) about something; don’t know (understand) a thing (the first

thing) about something; don’t have the foggiest (notion) about something; don’t

have a clue; can’t say two words in something

НИ В КАКУЮ (highly coll.) – one absolutely and categorically refuses, in

unwilling etc. (to agree to something, accept something etc.): won’t (wouldn’t) have it;

one will have none of it; one won’t budge; one won’t hear of it; not on any account;

under no circumstances; no way

НИ ГУ-ГУ (НИ ГУГУ) (coll.) – 1. one keeps silent, does not say anything: not

a word; be quiet; keep it dark; mum’s the word!; don’t let it go any farther; there

isn’t a peep (a sound, a word) from (out of) someone or something;

2. от кого, откуда there has been no news, letter, response from some person or

organization: there hasn’t been a (any) word from …;

3. кому о ком-чëм keep mum

НИ ДНА НИ ПОКРЫШКИ! кому-чему – used to express ill will toward

someone or something, with the worst for someone or something: bad luck to you!;

may you have bad fortune!; may rot in hell

НИ ЖИВ НИ МËРТВ; НИ ЖИВОЙ НИ МËРТВЫЙ (both coll., human) –

extremely frightened or aggrieved: more dead than alive; scared stiff (to death); half

dead with fright; paralyzed (petrified) with fear

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НИ ЗА ПОНЮШКУ ТАБАКУ пропасть, погибнуть, погубить кого

(highly coll.) – (to die, be killed, have one’s career destroyed etc., or to kill someone,

destroy someone’s career etc.) purposelessly, futilely, needlessly: (all) for nothing; (all)

for naught; in vain; to no purpose; for no (good) reason

НИ ЗГИ НЕ ВИДНО (НЕ ВИДАТЬ) (all coll., human) – it is so dark that

nothing can be seen, discerned: it is pitch-black (pitch-dark); there is pitch-darkness

(all around); one can see a thing (in the dark); one can’t see an inch before his face;

one can’t see his hand in front of his face

НИ КОЛА НИ ДВОРА (у кого, coll., used with verbs не быть, не иметь) –

someone has absolutely nothing (usually refers to someone’s extreme poverty, need,

having no place to live): one has not a thing to one’s name; one has neither house

nor home

НИ К СЕЛУ НИ К ГОРОДУ (coll.) – that is inappropriate at the given

moment, that is completely unassociated with what is being said or done: out of place;

apropos of nothing; out of the blue; without rhyme or reason; for no reason at all;

irrelevantly; at an utterly inappropriate moment; neither here nor there

НИ К ЧЕМУ (coll.) – 1. кому is not needed by someone, cannot be used by

someone (and, therefore, someone does not want to deal with it or him): it is of no use to

someone; no much use; there‘s no use; no earthly use;

2. some action is unnecessary, useless, futile: there’s no point (sense) in doing

that (this)

НИ-НИ (coll.) – no!; don’t!; even don’t thing!

НИ ПУХА НИ ПЕРА! тебе (вам) (coll., formula phrase; also used as objective

of желать / пожелать) – (а wish for success, luck in something) – may things go well for

you: good luck!; break a leg!; (wish someone the) best of luck

НИ РЫБА НИ МЯСО (coll., usually disaprov., usually human.) – ordinary,

undistinguished, devoid of striking characteristics: neither fish (flesh) nor fowl; be

lackluster (colorless, run-of-the mill); neither fish, flesh (fowl), nor good red herring