Van Huyssteen J.W. (editor) Encyclopedia of Science and Religion
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eternity and, 269–271
generic theism and, 15
hardware–software distinction
and, 8
Hindu transmigration belief and,
204
hope and, 417
Judaism and, 490–491, 517–518,
519
mind–body dualism and, 230,
567, 567–568
near–death experiences and, 521
Newton’s view of, 620
Plato’s view of, 230, 518, 544,
679, 680
reincarnation and, 276, 680, 717
salvation and, 528
soul and, 819–820
transmigration and, 82, 529, 901
See also Soul
Life, artificial. See Artificial life
Life, biological aspects, 522–523
adaptation and, 4
anthropic coincidences and, 15,
173–174, 212, 214
autopoiesis and, 46–47
biological diversity and, 62
biosemiotics and, 63–64
death and, 203–205, 888, 889
debate on thresholds of, 523
ecological ethics and, 238
emergence of, 257
Intelligent Design and, 213
morality and, 528–529
order and, 633, 634
Second Law of Thermodynamics
and, 888, 889
self–organization and, 797–798
symbiosis and, 851–852
Life of Jesus, Critically Examined,
The (Strauss), 412
Life of the Cosmos, The (Smolin), 771
Life, origins of, 523–526
age of the universe and, 280
Anthropic Principle and, 13–17,
126, 171, 382, 764
biosemiotics and, 64
creation myths about, 261–262,
591, 821
dissipative structures and, 218
divine Spirit and, 527, 723
embryonic personhood and, 369
emergence, 257
evolutionary rates and, 296–297
evolution theory and, 62, 280,
291–297, 298–301, 530
extraterrestrial search and, 306,
317
gene patening and, 352–354, 361
Genesis account of, 355056
gravitation and, 388
Holy Spirit and, 415, 416
Intelligent Design and, 463
Oparin–Haldane model, 524–525
paleontology and, 637–641
RNA–world model, 526
science–religion dialogue and,
749–754
self–organization and, 526, 798
teleological argument and, 876
theology of evolution and,
301–306
year of origin, 292
See also Creation
Life, religious and philosophical
aspects, 527–529
abortion debate and, 1–3, 422
biogical concerns and, 63
biosemiotics and, 63–64
Buddhism and, 78–79, 81–82, 85
cloning opponents and, 66, 146,
366
design argument and, 209–215
embodiment and, 254–256
Holy Spirit and, 415
human evolution and, 298
Lutheranism and, 127–128
medical ethics and, 551
process thought and, 700,
926–928
progress belief and, 702–703
quality of life and, 528–529
Roman Catholicism and, 422
soul and, 818–820
spirit and, 527, 826–827, 830
stem cell research and, 365,
367–369, 425
value of forms of, 1, 2, 527,
722–723, 747, 914
See also Artificial intelligence;
Artificial life; Personhood; Self
Life sciences, 529–532
adaptation and, 4
biological life and, 522–523
Chaos Theory and, 101
classifications in, 577
design and, 604
disciplines represented by,
529–531
neo–Darwinism and, 609
primatology and, 698–700
sociobiology and, 363
symbiosis and, 851–852
value in, 722, 723
See also Biology; Ecology;
Molecular biology
Light
astrophysics and, 39
bending of, 718
Bohr atomic model and, 671
Einstein theories of, 252, 253,
331–332, 717, 718, 824
as electromagnetic radiation, 664,
671
faster–than–light signaling and,
533
inertial reference frames and,
719, 824
metaphoric statements of, 560
Newton’s optics and, 619
quantum nonlocality and, 675
red–shifted, 61, 99, 717
speed of, 15, 332, 533, 666, 675,
894
theological dichotomy with dark
and, 272
velocity in vacuum of, 679
wave–particle nature of, 649,
670, 672
Li Lan, 112
Limbic system, 309, 615
Liminality, 738
Limit, mathematical notion of, 545
Lindbeck, George, 884
Linde, Andrei, 174, 175
Linear models, 261, 262, 263, 821,
823, 897
Linguistics. See Language
Linnaeus, Carolus, 272, 298, 698
Linzen, Andrew, 700
Lipmann, Fritz, 494
Lippmann, Gabriel, 493
Lipson, Hod, 282
Listservs (email), 755
Literal Meaning of Genesis, The
(Augustine), 25
Literary humanism, 428
Literature
poetry of mystical experience,
586–587, 590
science fiction, 35, 692, 776–779
supernatural themes, 848
Little, David, 600
Liturgy, 738
Liver, 429
Livestock, genetically engineered,
364, 867
Living Flame of Love, The ( John of
the Cross), 586
Living systems theory, 855
Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich,
372, 375, 547
Locality, 533, 612, 673, 674–675
Local supervenience, 911
Locke, John, 520
economic theory of, 245
empiricism of, 440
faith concept and, 319
human volition and, 94
labor theory of property of, 353
on Newton’s scriptural
knowledge, 620
semiotics and, 802
social contract theory of, 915
theology of, 886
Loder, James, 138
Lodestone, 112
Loeb, Jacques, 59
Loewi, Otto, 494
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Loewy, Maurice, 493
Logic
Aristotle as founder of, 27
complementarity and, 150
complexity and, 151–152
emergence and, 258
Gersonides commentary on, 490
as human survival by–product,
740
mathematics and, 376, 380, 546,
547
models of, 578
semiotics and, 802
temporal, 900
value and, 922
See also Positivism, logical
Logical behaviorism, 569, 715
Logical determinism, 217
Logical positivism. See Positivism,
logical
Logicism, 376, 715
“Logic of preference” theory, 922
Logos
ancient Greek concept of, 396
Christ as, 119, 145, 254, 396, 450,
451, 560
Christian creation and, 144, 145,
186, 400
cognate terms of, 544
complexity principles and, 156
Hindu thought and, 400, 408
Holy Spirit and, 415
in mathematics, 544
Orthodox Christianity and, 130
as Roman Catholic theological
basis, 139–140
Lombroso, Cesare, 495
London Imperial College of Science
and Technology, 926
Lonergan, Bernard, 560, 589
Long–distance forces, 388
Long Hu Huan Dan Je ( Jin Ling Zi),
111
Longino, Helen, 325, 654, 655, 692,
747
“Looking–glass self” concept,
792–793
Loop variable theories, 389
Lorentz, Hendrik Anton, 720
Lorentz–invariant, 332
Lorentz–Poincaré group, 853
Lorentz transformation, 719–720,
721
Lorenz, Edward, 86–87, 101, 257
Lorenz, Konrad, 5–6, 60, 283, 290
Lorenz attractor, 101
Losee, John, 660
Lot (Hebrew Bible), 236, 237
Lotteries, 96
Lotze, Rudolf Hermann, 920
Love
Christian emphasis on, 119, 586,
336
Confucian teachings and, 108
cultural origins and, 195
hope and, 417
mysticism and, 586
process thought on power of, 765
selfless, 8, 119, 336, 369, 914. See
also Divine love; Kenosis
spiritual order and, 633
Lovejoy, Arthur, 398
Lovelock, James, 530, 531, 645, 852
Loyalty, 108, 115
Lubac, Henri de, 846
Lucas, George, 35, 777
Luckmann, Thomas, 838
Lucretius, 209, 539, 667, 725, 747,
797
Lucy (hominid remains), 430
Ludd, Ned, 865
Luddites, 865
Luecke, Friedrich, 411
Luhmann, Niklas, 47, 153, 164, 343,
344
Luke, Gospel According to, 415,
412, 25
Lully, Raymond, 7, 8
Lumsden, Charles, 290
Lundberg, George, 816, 817
Luria, Alexander, 163
Luria, Isaac, 99
Luria, Salvador, 494
Luscombe, Philip, 768
Lust, sin of, 805
Luther, Martin, 127–128, 129, 788
anti–Copernicanism of, 179
Bible–based theology of, 885
“descent of God” theme and, 500
faith and, 319
grace and, 336
hope and, 417
imago dei interpretation by, 449
“plain reading” of Bible and,
410–411
Purgatory rejection by, 519
view of nature by, 127–128,
248–249, 250
Lutheranism. See Christianity,
Lutheran, issues in science and
religion
Lutheran World Federation, 129
Lyapunov exponent, 102, 154
Lyceum (Athens), 27
Lyell, Charles, 90, 201, 300, 411, 558
Lymphatic system. See Immune
system
Lyotard, Jean–François, 683, 690, 691
M
Maccabean revolt, 518
MacCormac, Earl, 560
Mach, Ernst, 661
Machine–functionalism, 344
Machine–learning. See Artificial
intelligence
Macintosh, Douglas Clyde, 261
MacIntyre, Alasdair, 165
Mackay, Donald, 392, 827
Mackie, John L., 94, 170
MacLeod, Ken, 779
Macquarrie, John, 484, 643, 886
Macroeconomics, definition of, 244
Macromolecules, 38, 297
Macromutations, 384, 709
Macy, Joanna, 854
Macy Conferences, 167
Madagascar, Lutheran churches in,
127
Madhyamaka school (Buddhist), 78,
513, 514, 516
Ma fei san (anesthesia), 111
Maffeo, Sabino, 141
Magic. See Supernaturalism
Magnetic compass, 871
Magnetic field, 329, 330, 331, 387,
664
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
614
Maguire, Daniel, 2, 3
Mahabharta, 403
Mahadevan, 586
Mahani, Abu Isa al–, 788
Mahayana Buddhism, 74, 76, 77, 78,
82–83, 85–86
bodhisattvas concept and,
184–185
self and, 794
Mahler, Margaret, 495
Maimonides, 535–536
Aristotelian thought and, 488,
492
cosmological argument of, 169,
896–897
Judaic traditionalists’ attacks on,
490, 492
legal and philosophical writings
of, 535–536
scientific–religious thought and,
478–479, 482, 485, 488–489,
490, 491, 492
scriptural interpretation of, 536,
787
as Spinoza influence, 496
Maitreya, 77
Major histocompatibility complex
(MHC), 431
Malaria, 226, 111
Malcolm, Norman, 631
Male bias. See Gender;
Patriarchalism; Sexual bias
Malebranche, Nicolas, 26, 572
Male homosexuality. See Gay gene
M1liki, iAbd al–, 470, 474
Malinowski, Bronislaw, 22, 343
Mallory, Marilyn, 586
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Maloney, H. Newton, 773
Malthus, Thomas, 201
Maim5b, al–, caliph, 472
Mandala visualization, 589
Mandelbrot, Benoit, 101
Manhattan Project, 566, 866
Manichaeism, 43, 44, 93
Mannheim, Karl, 818
Mansur, Yaqub al–, 48
Mansur al–Samani, Amir Nuh ibn,
49, 50, 471, 472
Mantell, Gideon, 639
Mantra, 589
Manuel, Frank, 906
Many–minds Hypothesis, 537, 538,
673–674
Many–worlds Hypothesis, 16,
537–538, 771
Copenhagen Interpretation and,
168
inflationary universe and, 175
quantum cosmologies and, 711
quantum measurement problem
and, 537–538, 673–674
See also Possible worlds
Maoris, 591
Mapping of genes. See Human
Genome Project
Marcus, Rudolph, 493
Marcuse, Herbert, 862
Marduk (sky god), 98
Margolick, J. B., 831
Margulis, Lynn, 852
Maria (film robot), 35
Marietta, Don, 414
Marine paleontology, 638
Marion, Jean–Luc, 208, 381
Maritain, Jacques, 428
Mark, Gospel According to
historical criticism and, 412
Holy Spirit and, 415
Jesus as healer and, 829
key chapters and verses, 787
Mar pa, 586
Marriage, 743
Marriage of Heaven and Hell
(Blake), 566
Mars (planet), search for life on,
306, 317
Martineau, Harriet, 202
Martyrs, 518, 519
Marx, Karl
atheism and, 39
dialectical materialism and,
541–542, 565
economic theory of, 245, 246,
691
hermeneutics and, 394, 691
hope and, 417
Jewish background of, 495
progress and, 878
reductionism and, 715
view of religion by, 650, 730, 814
Marxist theory
aesthetics and, 4, 57
biocultural evolution and, 288
sociobiology critiqued by, 810
sociology and, 816
teleological outlook of, 878
See also Communism
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 34, 160
Mass–energy equation (Einstein),
252, 331, 332, 542, 667,
720–721
“Mass on the World” (Teilhard), 875
Masud of Ghaza, 50
Mate choice. See Sexual selection
Material cause (Aristotelian), 92, 210
Material immortality (Daoism), 110
Materialism, 538–543
ancient Greek form of, 538–539,
891
atheism and, 540, 541
atomism and, 42, 539
behaviorism and, 59
Cartesianism and, 89–90, 207
causation and, 93
chemistry and, 106
coining of term, 538
consciousness and, 158, 162
definition of, 538, 761
dialectical, 538, 541–542, 565
dualism versus, 229, 230
economic theory and, 246
empiricism and, 259
evolution theory and, 202, 303,
304, 541
functionalism and, 570
hierarchical theology versus, 398
metaphysical idealism and, 445
mind–body theory and, 539–542,
568, 819
modern, 539–542
monism and, 159, 582, 583,
750–751
organicism and, 153, 155–156
philosophy of religion and, 687
physicalism versus, 662
quantum physics as challenge to,
542, 839
science–religion conflict model
and, 760–761
sociobiology and, 761
soul and, 819–820
supervenience and, 849–851
theism and, 541
types of, 538
See also Idealism
Materialism and Empiro–Criticism
(Lenin), 542
Maternal rights, fetal rights versus,
1, 2, 3
Mathematical Principles of Natural
Philosophy (Newton). See
Principia Mathematica
Mathematician’s Apology, A
(Hardy), 547
Mathematics, 543–548
algorithms, 7–8, 282, 545
ancient Chinese, 115, 543
ancient Greek, 543–544, 546,
547, 780
attractors, 42–43, 101
Avicenna and, 50
axiomatic truths and, 547
beauty of equations of, 669
boundary conditions and, 74
Buddhism and, 82, 83
chaos and, 414
Chaos Theory and, 101–103, 154
complexity and, 151–152,
153–154
Confucianism and, 109, 110
consciousness studies and, 158
cybernetics and, 153
determinism and, 216–217
empiricism and, 259, 260
as expression of God, 378
fields and field theories in, 329,
330, 331
Galileo and, 544, 658
Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem
and, 380, 547
of harmonic intervals, 543, 544,
680, 838
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty
Principle and, 391–392, 672
idealization and, 658
imagination and, 447, 448–449,
545
in India, 402, 406, 407
infinity and, 453, 454
information and, 455, 456–457
information theory and, 462–463
Islam and, 474, 545, 788
Judaism and, 482, 490, 493, 494,
495–496
language hermeneutics and, 396
logicism and, 376
logos meaning in, 544
matrix mechanics and, 72,
671–672
models of, 578
natural theology and, 602
Newton and, 545, 546, 619, 823,
838
particle physics and, 668
Platonic forms and, 124, 162
population genetics and, 609
Pythagoras and, 543–544, 680
quantum theory and, 537
Renaissance Christian philosophy
and, 124
as science fiction plot element,
776
space and time and, 823–824
superposition and, 537
symmetry and, 668, 711, 849, 853
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Mathematics (continued)
Vedic tradition and, 402
Whitehead and, 925–926
zero concept and, 82, 402, 407
See also Calculus; Geometry;
Geometry, modern: theological
aspects; Geometry,
philosophical aspects; Numbers
Matheson, Richard, 778
Mating success. See Reproduction;
Sexual selection
Matrix mechanics, 72, 671–672
Matter
antimatter and, 15, 387
biosemiotics and, 64
classical physics and, 542
conservation laws of, 509–510
double aspect theories of,
570
Einstein’s theories of, 251, 252,
542, 718, 721
as fields, 331
Grand Unification Theory and,
387
mechanistic science and, 125,
135
nuclear, 668–670
quantum description of. See
Physics, quantum
quantum field theory and, 542
space–time curvature and, 389,
718
Steady State Theory and, 841
wave–particle duality and, 925
See also Materialism
Matthew, Gospel According to, 412,
415
Matthews, Clifford N., 773
Matthews, D. A., 831
Matthews, Shailer, 815
Matthews, W. J., 831
Maturana, Humberto, 46, 47, 153,
164, 797
Mauss, Marcel, 738
Maximally discriminative facial
movement coding system
(MAX), 433
Maximus the Confessor, 130, 787
Maxwell, James Clerk, 138, 330, 331,
332, 387, 457, 844, 894
equations of electromagnetism
of, 666
May, Hans, 129
May, Robert, 101
Mayan calendar, 83
Mayr, Ernst, 63, 398, 609
Mazzoni, Jacopo, 350
McCarthy, John, 32, 33, 890
McClintock, Barbara, 839
McCullough, Warren, 161
McDaniel, Jay, 700
McDougall, William, 59
McFadyen, Alisdair, 794
McFague, Sallie, 250, 327, 399, 578
metaphor and, 642, 644, 648,
747, 769
on nuclear age theology, 625
McGinn, Colin, 230
McGrath, Alister, 26, 757, 774
McGuire, J. E., 622
McIntosh, Mark A., 830
McMullin, Ernan, 173, 174, 259, 653,
770, 771
McTaggart, J. M. E., 897
Mead, George Herbert, 792, 815
Mead, Margaret, 21, 167
Meaning
biosemiotics and, 64
empiricism as criterion for, 260
human evolution and, 299
metaphor and, 560
paradigm and, 648
religion and, 528
semiotics and, 801–803
See also Hermeneutics in science
and religion
Meaning and End of Religion, The
(Smith), 724
Meaning–information, 456
Measurement problem, quantum,
537–538, 673–674
Mechanical philosophy. See
Mechanistic science
Mechanisms of Human Facial
Expression, The (Duchenne),
433
Mechanistic science
absolute space concept and, 372
Anglicanism and, 120
beauty and, 56
behaviorism as, 59–61
Boyle and, 125
causation and, 92–93
clockwork universe and, 145, 220
cosmology and, 170, 181–182
Descartes and, 89, 90, 92, 432,
437, 539, 750, 822
determinism and, 337
embodiment and, 255
evolution theory and, 280
laws of nature and, 509, 606, 681
metaphor and, 560
Newton and, 120, 135, 170, 210,
220, 248, 249, 272, 372, 542,
847
physics and, 542, 663–664
quantum uncertainty versus, 212
soul and, 819
Mechanization of the World Picture,
The (Dijksterhuis), 752
Mede, Joseph, 620
Medial frontal cortex, 616
Medical ethics, 548–552
abortion and, 1–2
Christian view of, 369
cloning and, 146, 147, 365–367
definitiion of, 549
embryonic research and, 3, 66,
146–147
eugenics and, 273
gene patenting and, 353
gene therapy and, 356–357, 361,
424, 872
genetic engineering and, 404
genetic predisposition/preventive
care and, 421–422
Judaism and, 481–482, 487, 553
Orthodox Christianity and, 131
placebo effect tests and, 677
pre–implantation genetic
diagnosis and, 733, 734, 735
racism and, 272
reproductive commodification
and, 733
spirituality and, 836
stem cell research and, 368–369,
842–843
xenotransplantation and, 931
Medical insurance, 421, 422
Medicine, 552–556
abortion and, 1
in ancient Greece, 124
Averroës and, 48
Avicenna and, 48, 50, 51
Buddhism and, 78–79, 82, 83,
84–85, 553, 830
Chinese religions and, 78–79, 82,
83, 84–85, 107, 109, 110, 111,
116, 118, 553, 833
Christian healing tradition and,
369, 552–553
faith healing and, 829–830
genetic diseases and, 1–2, 65–66,
68, 225, 358–359, 419, 420, 421,
424, 530
Hinduism and, 79, 83, 402–403,
405, 407, 553
historical background of,
552–553
holistic approach to, 107, 118,
402, 554, 829, 833, 840
Human Genome Project and,
419, 420
intercessory prayer’s efficacy
and, 696–697, 831–832
Islam and, 48, 50, 51, 553, 843
Judaism and, 478, 480, 482, 487,
492, 493, 494–495, 536, 843
Maimonides and, 536
morality and. See Medical ethics
mysticism and, 589
neurosciences and, 611–616
Pentecostalism and, 134–135
placebo effect and, 614,
676–678
religious belief–health
relationship and, 553–554,
829–830, 831–834, 835–836,
840
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somatic gene therapy and, 356,
357, 360, 361, 365, 424, 425,
530, 735, 841–842
therapeutic stem cell
applications, 66, 69, 146,
367–369
womanist theology and, 928
See also Reproductive technology
Medicine, alternative. See
Complementary and alternative
medicine; Spirituality and faith
healing; Traditional Chinese
medicine
Medieval period. See Middle Ages
Meditation, 556, 697–698
Buddhist, 83
Chinese medicine and, 833
consciousness and, 158, 313–314
Daoist, 199
mysticism and, 586
neurocognitive aspects of, 307,
309–310, 314, 615–616, 617,
763, 827, 832, 840
prayer versus, 696
self and, 436, 763
self–transcendence and, 799–800
spirituality and, 828, 840
Meditations (Descartes), 568
Meditations on First Philosophy
(Descartes), 206, 207, 208
Meiji Restoration, 805
Meilaender, Gilbert, 842
Meinong, Alexius, 913, 920
Melancthon, Philip, 128, 129
Meland, Bernard, 260
Meleagros (Euripides), 518
Mellor, D. H., 575
Memes, 556–557
anthropology and, 21–22
cultural transmission and, 194,
556
evolutionary theory and, 289,
290
Memory
brain region and, 612, 615
neural Darwinism and, 610
neuron cell assemblies and, 161
Memory seed. See Karma
Mencken, H. L., 786
Mendel, Gregor, 557–559
Darwinian evolution and, 300
neo–Darwinism and, 609
rediscovery of work of, 558, 609
reductionism and, 656
trait inheritance and, 360, 363,
558–559, 703, 837
Mendel’s Law of Independent
Assortment, 558
Menstruation, 195
Mental events. See Mind;
Mind–brain interaction;
Thought
“Mental Events” (Davidson), 572
Mental health
mystical experience and, 588
prayer and, 697
religious belief/spirituality and,
553–554, 707, 828, 835, 840
Mental monism. See Idealism
Merchant, Carolyn, 324, 856
Merchant of Venice, The
(Shakespeare), 822
Mercury (god), 392–393
Mercury (planet), 172
perihelion precession value, 252,
718
Merleau–Ponty, Maurice, 160, 571
Merrell, Floyd, 63
Mersenne, Marin, 207
Merton, Robert K., 752, 816, 818
Merton, Thomas, 590
“Me–self”, “I–self” versus, 792
Mesmerism, 313, 677
Messianic belief, 263, 564, 566
Christology and, 144
science fiction and, 778
Metabolism, 429
Metaethics, 811
Meta–Library (interactive materials),
755
Meta–lists (Metanexus), 755
Metallurgy, Daoist, 112
Metanarratives, 683, 688, 691
postmodernist questioning of,
691, 692, 694, 746
Metanexus (web site), 755, 756,
767
Metaphor, 559–561
cognitive fluidity and, 148
cognitive linguistics and, 160
computer as, 458, 522
of entropy for evil, 266
of Great Chain of Being, 577
imagination and, 448
as model, 560, 578
of mystical experience, 586–587,
590
of natural selection, 201
paradigms and, 648
postmodernism and, 691
in process thought, 454
of religious belief and ritual, 728
in religious language, 650, 746,
761, 762
Ricoeur theory of, 396
for sacramental meaning, 744
scientific use of, 653, 746
scriptural hermeneutics and, 394,
536
of selfish gene, 796
of skyhooks, 807
of Two Books, 621, 622, 789,
905–908
virtual reality as, 923
of world as body of God, 642,
643, 747, 769
Metaphorical Theology (McFague),
648
Metaphors We Live By (Lakoff and
Johnson), 160, 559
Metaphysical Foundations of
Modern Physical Sciences, The
(Burt), 752
Metaphysical Foundations of
Natural Science, The (Kant),
497
Metaphysical naturalism. See
Naturalism
Metaphysics, 561–563
Anthropic Principle and, 13–17
Aristotle and, 27, 28, 780
artificial life and, 37
Cartesian, 208
critical realism and, 191
definition of, 561
determinism and, 216, 217, 222
divine action and, 91, 561–562
emergency, 256, 258–259
free process defense and, 340
hermeneutics and, 395, 396
holism and, 838
idealism and, 445
infinity and, 454
of intercessory prayer, 831–832
Islamic thought and, 468–469,
474
Kant and, 498–499, 562
logical positivist repudiation of,
685, 686, 687
natural law theory and, 599–600
ontology and, 632
order and, 634
pluralism and, 683
positivist view of, 562, 661
process theology and, 126, 340,
759
realism and, 713, 714
reductionism in, 761
science–religion relationship and,
750–751, 765, 771–772
soul and, 568, 818–820
space and time and, 823,
824–825
value theory and, 922
Metaphysics (Aristotle), 27, 472, 601
Metaphysics of Morals (Kant), 600
Metchnikoff, Elie, 494
Meteorology
Butterfly Effect and, 86–87, 257
Chaos Theory and, 101
Daoist, 112–113
emergent patterns and, 257
unpredictability and, 618
Meteorology (Aristotle), 890
Methane, 390
Methodological behaviorism. See
Behaviorism
Methodological reductionism,
715–716, 746
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Metropolis (film), 35, 777
Mettrie, Julien de la. See La Mettrie,
Julien Offroy de
Meyerhof, Otto, 494
MHC (gene complex), 432–433
Michelson, Albert, 331, 493
Microeconomics, definition of, 244
Microorganisms, genetically
engineered, 66–67, 360
Microscopes, 494, 612, 750
Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm
Aspiration (MESA), 732
Microwave background radiation.
See Background microwave
radiation
Middle Ages
Aristotelianism and, 28, 92, 124,
780, 822
Averroës and, 47–48, 124, 473,
788
Avicenna and, 49–51, 472–473
Christian afterlife belief and, 519
Christian apologetics and, 25
Christian condemnation of anger
and, 6
Christian cosmology and,
178–179
Christian hermeneutics and, 394
Christian metaphysics and, 562
Christian theologies and, 137
cosmological arguments and, 169
cosmology and, 170, 822
design argument and, 209–210
end–of–the–world beliefs and,
263, 264
geometry education and,
374–375
Great Chain of Being belief and,
577
human freedom versus divine
omniscience and, 898–899
humanism and, 427
human nature concepts and, 436
Islamic science and, 465, 780,
915
Jewish hermeneutics and, 396,
479
Jewish scientific learning and,
477–479, 482, 487–491, 535–536
laws of nature and, 321022
Maimonides and, 535–536
mysticism, 586, 587, 589
natural theology and, 601
nature concepts and, 606
quadrivium and, 544
scientific method and, 657–658
semiotics and, 801
soul concepts and, 819
spirit concept and, 826
spirituality meanings and, 829
supernaturalism and, 847
theology–sciences link and, 371,
883, 891
time concept and, 896–897, 898
Two Book metaphor and,
905–906
See also Neo–Platonism;
Scholasticism; Thomas Aquinas
Middle East
ancient technologies from, 780
human evolution evidence in,
298
Middle path (Buddhist), 93
Midgley, Mary, 772
Midrash, 396, 485, 487
Mifepristone (RU–486), 1
Migraine headache, 588
Migration, gene. See Gene flow
Milbank, John, 706
Milesian natural philosophers, 137,
538–539, 667, 779–780
Milky Way, 181–182, 350, 402
Mill, John Stuart, 163, 376, 511
philosophy of science and, 651,
659, 660
Millennialism, 563–567
Christian fundamentalism and,
122
end–of–the–world beliefs and, 2,
261, 263, 264, 265, 564
Newton’s premillenarian beliefs
and, 566, 620–621
Pentecostalism and, 132
scientific progress and, 264, 265,
565–566
Miller, Arthur I., 559
Miller, Geoffrey, 194–195
Miller, George, 160
Miller, James G., 854
Miller, Walter, 778
Miller, Whitney, 589
Mills, C. Wright, 816
Mill’s Methods, 660
Milstein, Cesar, 494
Mimamsa philosophy, 217
Mimesis, 193
Minarets, 871
Mind
cognitive fludity of, 148
cognitivism and, 160
Confuciansim and, 108–109
cultural education and,
607–608
Descartes’s theory of, 207, 208
evolutionary psychology and,
287
God and, 377, 445
imagination and, 446–449
language ability and, 504–508
Many–minds Hypothesis and,
537, 538, 673–674
nonreductive physicalism and,
228
psychological materialism theory
of, 538
reductionism and, 398
religious experience and,
307–308, 309
spirit and, 826–827
supervenience notion and,
849–851, 911
See also Consciousness studies;
Idealism; Metaphysics;
Mind–body theories; Self;
Thought
Mind (journal), 159
“Mind and Life” meetings
(Buddhist), 79
Mind–body dualism. See Dualism;
Mind–body theories; Self
Mind/Body Medical Institute, 832
Mind–body theories, 567–571
atomism and, 42, 568
Augustine and, 44–45
behaviorism and, 59, 60
biosemiotics and, 64
Buddhism and, 79, 820
Cartesianism and, 85, 89–90, 207,
572, 691, 819
consciousness and, 158, 159–160,
162
critical realism and, 191
double aspect concept and, 570
downward causation and, 413
emotions and, 433–434, 554
faith healing and, 831, 832
functionalism and, 344, 569–570
health/religious belief
relationship and, 554, 835–836,
840
Hinduism and, 820
holistic medicine and, 402
human nature and, 428–434
idealism and, 445–446, 568–569,
661, 713
of identity, 568
Kant and, 498, 569, 691
logical behaviorism and, 569
materialism and, 539–542, 568,
819
mechanistic science and, 255,
539–540
meditation and, 697–698
mind–body dualism and,
567–568
monism and, 572–573, 574,
582–583
mystical experience and, 585,
588–589, 726
phenomenology and, 570–571
placebo effect and, 676–678
Plato and, 124
Priestley and, 750–751
process thought and, 701
psychology and, 614
reductionism and, 398
religious experiences and,
307–310, 313–314, 615–616,
617, 709, 726, 828
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Resurrection and, 567–568, 820
Russell and, 570
self–transcendence and, 799–800
sin and, 805, 806
soul and, 818–820
spirit and, 827
spirituality and, 829–830
supervenience and, 849–851
yin–yang concept and, 107, 116,
117, 118, 676, 869
yoga and, 116
See also Dualism; Soul
Mind–brain interaction, 571–575
consciousness and, 160–162,
571–572, 574–575, 832
emotions and, 433–34, 610
functionalism and, 344
meditative practice and, 832
mind–body problem and,
567–568, 571
moral actions and, 616
neuropsychology and, 610, 707
neurosciences and, 610–616
neurotheology and, 616,
617–618, 726
physicalism and, 663
religious experiences and,
307–310, 314, 615–616, 617,
707, 709, 726, 828
science–religion studies and, 773
self–transcendence and, 800
spirit concepts and, 827
supervenience and, 849–851
Mind–independent world, 653, 654
Mind of God, The (Davies), 771
Mind over Machine (Dreyfus), 33
“Minds, Brains, and Progams”
(Searle), 33
Ming Dynasty, 113, 118
Minkowski, Herman, 494, 823, 824,
894
Minsky, Marvin, 792, 890
Miracle, 575–577
Christian scientific thought and,
126
Darwin’s view of, 201
definition of, 575–576
distinguishing characteristics of,
576–577
divine action and, 222, 279, 379,
562, 575–577, 825
faith and, 320
Hume’s repudiation of, 312, 320,
337, 412, 441
special divine action and, 825,
826
Miracle of Theism, The (Mackie),
170
Mirror neurons, 161–162
Mirrors, 112
Miscarriage, 1, 2
Mishneh Torah (Maimonides), 488,
491, 536
Mismeasure of Man, The (Gould),
385
Misner, Charles, 99, 176
Misoprostol, 1
Missing link, 577–578
Missing self, meaning of term,
431–432
MIT. See Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
Mitchell, Basil, 651
Mithraism, 262
Mitochondria, 578, 852
Mitochondrial Eve, 578
Mixter, Russell, 122
Moddy, Todd, 159–160
Models, 578–579
of complexity, 151, 459, 578, 618
computer–generated, 151, 459
of hypothesis confirmation, 652
metaphors as, 560, 578
of science and religion study,
746, 756–759, 760–765
Models of God: Theology for an
Ecological, Nuclear Age
(McFague), 625
Modernity, 579–582
ambivalences of, 580–581
contextualism as reaction against,
165
contrasting views of, 579
economics and, 246, 580
fundamentalist counters to, 346
humanism and, 427
major value of, 581
Orthordox Judaism and, 481
postmodernism and, 580,
581–582, 690, 691, 692
supernaturalism and, 847
Modern Jewish Ethics, Theory, and
Practice (Fox), 485
Modern Orthodox Judaism,
481–482, 485, 491
Modern Synthesis, The (Huxley), 609
Modern synthesis evolution. See
Neo–Darinism
Mohammed (prophet). See
Muhammad
Mohism, 115, 116–17
Moissan, Henri, 493
Mo Jing (Mohist text), 116–117
Moksha. See Liberaton
Moleculae, 42
Molecular biology
autopoiesis and, 46
biosemiotics and, 63, 64
biotechnology and, 64, 65, 69
chemistry and, 105
definition of, 529, 530
DNA discovery and, 65, 363, 393,
530, 867
DNA replication and, 293–294
evolution evidence and, 291,
293, 296–297, 300–301
evolution theories and, 384, 385,
640
genetic determinism and, 337,
359, 363–364, 422, 806
genetic engineering and, 359–362
hermeneutics and, 393
life formation and, 522–523,
524–526, 529
neurophysiology and, 612–613
wetware research and, 38
Molecular clock, 300–301
Molecular clouds, 306
Molecular drive theory, 62, 281
Moleschott, Jacob, 541
Molina, Luis de, 705
Moltmann, Jürgen, 249–250, 271
on hope, 417
on kenosis, 501, 770
theology of evolution and, 606
Momentum
acceleration and, 665, 717
conservation laws of, 509
electromagnetic field and, 331
quantum physics and, 332
Monads (Leibniz concept), 445, 683
Monasteries. See Religious orders
Monde, Le (Descartes), 92
Monism, 582–583
anomalous, 572–573, 574, 583
dual aspect, 258, 572
emergenist, 257
imprecise use of, 583
James’s concept of neutral, 570
material versus mental, 159, 582,
583, 750–751
meaning of, 582
natural law theory and, 599
nomological, 573
omnipresence and, 629
pantheism and, 645
pluralism versus, 682, 684
See also Idealism
Monkeys, 698
Monnica (Augustine’s mother), 43
Monod, Jacques, 40, 135, 212, 634,
772
Monogenism, 272
Monophysitism, 130, 137, 451, 452
Monotheism, 583
afterlife and, 529
Aristotle’s rejection of, 27–28
deism and, 206
end of the world and, 262–264
freedom and, 335–336
God’s attributes and, 378, 583,
627–629
Hume speculations on, 442
Indian traditions and, 275
Islamic reaffirmation of, 378, 464,
583
key scriptural texts of, 787
Newton’s theology and, 620
Plato’s philosophy and, 28
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Monotheism (continued)
providence and, 704
science and, 749
special providence and, 825–826
theism and, 880
theodicy and, 880–881
theology and, 883–885
theories of religion and, 726
ultimate and, 915
See also Christianity; Islam;
Judaism
Monozygotic twins. See Identical
twins
Monroe, Harriet, 646
Monsanto (chemical company), 404
Montague, William Pepperell, 643
Montaigne, 676–677
Montalcini, Rita Levi, 494
Montesquieu, Baron de la Brède,
509
Mood–altering drugs, 361
Moody, Raymond, 521
Moon
cyclical rites and, 820–821
Galileo’s telescopic findings on,
180, 350
gravitation and, 560, 664, 665
Moons of Jupiter, 306, 317, 350
Moorcock, Michael, 778
Moore, Aubrey, 26, 202
Moore, G. E., 57, 597–598, 703
Moore, James, 200
Moore, John, 352
Moore v. Regents (1990), 352
Moormann, Karl, 874
Moral determinism. See
Determinism
Moral freedom, 336, 811
human nature and, 438–439
Kant’s views on, 498
Morality, 584
abortion and, 1, 3
altruism and, 9, 285
animal rights and, 11, 18
anthropocentrism and, 18–19
biology and, 438, 528–529
causation and, 91
Confucianism and, 109
deep ecology and, 205–206
divine omniscience versus, 630
ecological ethics and, 238
economics and, 246
ethical pluralism and, 683–684
eugenics and, 273
evolutionary theory applied to,
285, 286, 289, 290
final value and, 914
free will defense and, 628
genetic determinism and,
422–423, 806
God’s existence and, 379
hierarchies and, 398, 399
Hume on basis of, 441–442
imago dei doctrine and, 449–450
Judaic law and, 483, 484–486,
494
karma and, 274–275
language and, 506–508
materialism and, 540
medical ethics and, 548–551
naturalistic fallacy and, 597
natural law theory and, 599, 600
natural theology and, 601
neuroscientific study of, 616
as personal choice, 915–916
psychology and, 708
psychology of religion and, 709
as science fiction issue, 779
scientific knowledge’s impact on,
916–917
scientific practices and, 918
selfish gene theory and, 364, 806
sociobiology and, 438, 811–813
spirit and, 827
survival value of, 724
theological anthropology and,
438–439
values and, 51, 584, 916–917
value scientism and, 784–785
value theory and, 920–922
See also Ethics; Technology and
ethics
Moral philosophy. See Human
nature, religious and
philosophical aspects
Moral relativism, 41, 286, 721
Moral responibility. See Morality;
Value
Moravec, Hans, 35
More, Thomas, 427, 428
Morgan, C. Lloyd, 153
Morita therapy, 84
Morley, Edward, 331
Mormonism, 318
Morphogenesis. See Evolution
Morris, Charles, 63
Morris, Desmond, 29
Morris, Henry, 122
Morris, Herbert, 907
Morrison, Margaret, 655
Moses (Hebrew Bible), 54, 381
Mosheh ben Maimon. See
Maimonides
Mosque design, 871
Mot (chaos figure), 98
Mothersill, Mary, 57
Motion
Aristotle’s theory of, 665,
821–822, 892
atomism and, 42
circular versus linear, 821, 822
clockwork universe and, 145
field equations of, 329, 330
God as Unmoved Mover behind,
27, 28, 169, 210
gravitation and, 389, 665
mechanical laws of, 120, 125,
135, 210, 294, 545, 663,
664–666, 691
Mohist studies of, 117
Newton’s absolute time concept
and, 893
Newton’s laws of, 294, 545, 663,
664, 665, 691, 823, 893
planetary elliptical orbits of, 181,
371, 389, 545, 619, 665, 822,
823
Special Theory of Relativity and,
717, 719, 824
See also Acceleration; Falling
bodies; Momentum
Motion, Third Law of, 665
Motoori Norinaga, 804
Motor systems, 614
Mottleson, Benjamin, 493
Mo–tzu, 108
Mount Ararat (Turkey), 189
Mount St. Helens (Wash.), 189
Movies. See Films
Moxibustion, 83, 84
Mo Zi, 115, 116
Mozi, 261
MRI (magnetic response imaging),
614
M–theory, 390, 711
Mueller, Johannes, 479
Muhammad (prophet), 54, 219, 378,
586, 725, 735, 744
divine revelation to, 463, 464,
470, 471, 825
as Muslim role model, 465, 471
Muhammad, Elijah, 735
Mukti. See Liberation
Müller, Hermann, 273, 494
Müller, Max, 184, 727
Multiculturalism
feminism and, 325–326
medical ethics and, 549
Multiple pregnancy
selective fetal reduction and, 1
in vitro fertilization and, 732
See also Identical twins
Multiple realizability, principle of,
656, 850–851
Multiple selves, 792
Multiple supervenience, princple of,
851
Multiplicity of worlds. See
Many–worlds Hypothesis
Munitz, Milton, 595–596
Müntzer, Thomas, 127
Muqtaf3, al–, 473
Muraoka Tsunetsugu, 804
Murder
as sin against life, 2
sociobiologic interpretation of,
810
Murphy, Nancey, 736
Anthropic Principle and, 173–174
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apologetics and, 26
evolutionary ethics and, 286
hierarchy of reality belief and,
399
mind–brain relationship and, 773
paradigms and, 648
science–religion studies and, 746,
747, 758, 770–771, 773, 884
on special providence, 642, 643
on supervenience of spiritual and
mental events, 827
Murray, Henry, 6
M5sa, sons of, 472
Musa be Maimun. See Maimonides
Muscles, 612
“Muscular Christianity,” 520
Muscular dystrophy
gene identified, 421, 872
pre–implantation genetic testing
for, 733
Musement (Peirce concept), 839
Music, 30, 31, 822
arithmetic–harmonic ratios and,
543, 544, 680, 830
Musical instruments, 29, 298
Musical scale, 544
Muslim Association for the
Advancement of Science, 767
Muslims. See Islam
Mustanjid, al–, 473
Mutation, 62, 131, 584–585
adaptation and, 277, 584, 877
beneficial, 584
biological life and, 523
biological versus cultural, 290
chance and, 96, 764, 765
cultural development and, 195
design argument and, 603, 604,
764, 877, 879
DNA and, 225, 294, 358, 584
gene frequencies changes and,
294
genetic defects from, 2, 358–359,
584
genetic engineering and, 360
human reproduction and, 357,
364
kenosis and, 501
random order of, 290, 294, 303,
379, 609, 633, 634, 703, 877,
878
saltation theory and, 384
species evolution and, 200, 201,
300, 303, 364, 559, 609, 877
Mutationism, 281
Mutawakkil, al–, 472
Mutuality
altruism and, 9, 10
Buddhist view of life and, 81–82
symbiosis and, 852
Mutual UFO Network (MUFON),
909
Myelinization of axons, 613
“My Own Life” (Hume), 442
Mystical experience, 585, 586–587
attributes of, 590
body involvement, 589
context and, 589
Hinduism and, 308, 309, 400,
586, 589
ineffability and, 313
neurocognitive perspective on,
307–309, 313, 585, 588–589,
726, 763
neuroscientific study of, 615–616,
617, 726
as pure consciousness event,
313–314
self–transcendence and, 799–800
Mystical Mind, The (d’Aquili and
Newberg), 307, 726, 828
Mysticism, 585–590
Buddhism and, 308, 309, 586,
587, 588, 589, 799
chaos and, 99
circle and, 821
Daoism and, 117, 119, 869, 870
definition of, 585
geometric shapes and, 376
God and Godhead distinction
and, 381
Hinduism and, 587, 588, 589,
590, 799
holism and, 763
infinity and, 453
interpretation of, 587–588
Islam and, 465, 586, 587, 590,
735, 744
Judaism and, 336, 396, 453, 479,
492, 587, 590, 799
master–disciple lineage in, 587
medicine and, 589
neo–Platonic dualism and, 255
neurocognitive origins of,
307–308, 313, 763
panentheism and, 643
pantheism and, 643
philosphy of religion and, 649
prominent mystics, 585–586, 590
as science fiction theme, 778
scientists’ spirituality and, 838,
839, 886
systems theory and, 854
See also Mystical experience;
Spirituality
Mysticism and Philosophy (Stace),
308
Mystics, 585–586, 588, 590
Myth, 590–592
on creation, 187, 261–262, 591,
821
cultural origins and, 193
on dangers of playing God, 740
on death origins, 517
on defeat of chaos, 98
ecological lessons from, 419
on emergence of order, 797
–ritual experience, 307
Shinto, 803
symmetry and, 853
theories of religion and, 724–725,
727
UFOS and, 910
“Myth of Functional Analysis as a
Special Method in Sociology
and Anthropology, The”
(Davis), 816
Myths, Models, and Paradigms
(Barbour), 648
N
Nachman of Brazlav, 590
Naess, Arne, 205
Nafs (soul/self), 794
N1g1rjuna, 78, 513, 515
Nagel, Ernest, 655, 662–663
Nagel, Thomas, 230
Nägeli, Karl, 558
Naive realism
critical realism versus, 190, 757
definition of, 653
as model, 579
Naked singularity, 807
Naloxone, 677
Nanotechnology, 69
Napoleon Bonaparte, 182, 383
Napp, F. C., 557, 558
Narayanan, Vasudha, 403
Narnia series (Lewis), 692, 848
Narrated self
mysticism and, 588
as personal experience
unification, 792
Narrative
postmodern theory of, 683, 688,
792
See also Metanarrative
Nash, Adam, 733
Nash, John, 250
Nash, Molly, 733
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, 468
Nass, Cliff, 740–741
Nathans, Daniel, 494
National Academy of Science, web
site, 756
National Aeronautics and Space
Agency, 317
National Bioethics Advisory
Commission (NBAC), 366–367,
734
National Cancer Institute, 423
National Center for Human Genome
Research (NCHGR), 420, 421
National Institutes of Health, 419,
420, 425, 677, 840
Nation of Islam, 735
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Nation states, 579–580, 916
Native Americans
ecosystem respect by, 419
gene patenting opposition by,
353
pantheism and, 645
Natorp, Paul, 496
Natural and Divine Law (Porter),
600
Natural evil. See Evil and suffering
Natural freedom, 336, 337, 338
Natural history. See Biology
Natural History (magazine), 385
Natural History (Paley), 120
Natural History of Religion, The
(Hume), 442, 726
Naturalism, 593–597
anthropology of religion and, 24
Cartesian, 207
consciousness and, 160–161
Darwinism equated with, 122,
303
empiricism and, 259
genetic engineering as counter
to, 365
idealism and, 446
metaphysics and, 562
natural law and, 600
origins of science and, 781
process theology and, 759
as reductionism, 715
religious, 596–597, 634, 726, 751
science–religion dialogue and,
751, 827–828
sin interpretations and, 806
skyhooks metaphor and, 807
soft versus hard, 593
soul and, 819
supernaturalism versus, 594,
846–848
“Two–Newton” thesis and, 619
worldview and, 929
See also Pantheism
Naturalistic fallacy, 597–598
hermeneutics and, 393
sin explanation and, 806
Naturalized epistemology, 598–599
Natural killer (NK) cells, 432
Natural law theory, 599–601
determinism versus free will and,
336–337
divine action and, 219, 562
divine reason and, 606
evangelical Christianity and,
121–122
evolution and, 280, 286, 287
existence of God and, 382, 562,
600
freedom and, 336
individual rights and, 551
medical ethics and, 551
panentheism and, 642
sociobiology and, 812
Natural ontological attitude, 654
Natural order. See Order
Natural philosophy
Kant and, 497–499
Newton and, 781
as origin of science, 781
scriptural interpretation and,
787–788
See also Greek philosophy;
Natural theology; Philosophy of
science; Science, origins of;
Science and religion; types of
science
Natural Religion and Christian
Theology (Raven), 121
Natural resources
economic theories and, 244, 245
management of, 19, 248
renewable and nonrenewable,
237, 248
See also Ecology; Ecology, ethics
of; Ecology, science of;
Ecosystems
Natural selection. See Evolution,
biological; Selection, levels of
Natural theology, 601–605
Anglicanism and, 120
apologetics and, 26
Barth’s critique of, 211–112, 604,
737, 751
chemistry and, 103, 106
contemporary assessment of,
604–605
definition of, 211–212, 763
Enlightenment critiques of, 907
evolution and, 126, 764, 808
existence of God and, 378, 381,
382, 601–602, 621–622, 763–764
exterrestrial life search and, 317
fall and, 321–322
functional analysis and, 345
Kant’s critique of, 211, 312
Lutheran distrust of, 128, 129
Luther’s renunciation of, 127
neo–orthodox Christian rejection
of, 126
Newton and, 125, 210, 619,
621–623, 764
political use of, 751
revelation and, 736, 737
scientific compatibilism with,
125, 126, 602, 750–751, 763–764
scientific revolution and, 210
Thomas Aquinas’s definition of,
883
twentieth–century rejection of,
211–212, 604
Two Books metaphor and,
905–908
Whewell’s philosophy of science
and, 659–660
See also Design; Design argument
Natural Theology (Paley), 441
Natural Theology; Or, Evidence of
the Existence and Attributes of
the Deity, Collected from the
Appearance of Nature (Paley),
200, 201, 210–211, 382
Natura naturans, God as, 137
Nature, 605–607
Anglican views of, 120
animism and, 94, 606, 805
Aristotle’s four operative causes
in, 28, 92, 601–602, 780,
876–877
Augustine and, 123
beauty in order of, 56, 646
Buddhist coexistence with, 78,
82, 85
Calvin’s view of, 136, 248–249,
250, 906
causation theories and, 92–93
chaos versus order in, 98–99
Christian views of, 64–65,
123–124, 125, 186, 209, 234,
247–248
complexity of, 157, 158, 213, 741
cultural origins and, 193
Daoist view of, 110, 184
Darwin’s studies of, 200–201
deep ecology and, 205–206
design argument and, 877
divine action and, 222–223, 606
divine distinguished from, 606
divine immanence and, 126, 250,
451, 744, 750
divinity and, 378
double aspect theory of, 570
ecofeminism and, 233–234, 324,
326–327, 328
ecological ethics and, 606
ecotheology and, 247–250, 769
emergence in, 257, 258–259
evangelical Christian views of,
121–122
evolutionary ethics and, 285–286,
606
fall and, 321–322, 750
female personification of, 324
feminisms and, 324–326, 328, 762
first and second order causality
and, 91
God’s role in, 209, 379, 382, 509,
606, 621, 622, 642, 645–646,
650, 764
Hindu belief and, 396, 405
historical overview of concepts
of, 605–606
human dominion rights over,
10–19, 247–248, 299, 606, 750
human interpretation of, 393
human manipulation of, 365,
418–419
human partnership with, 250
human place in, 435–436, 437,
450, 468
I
NDEX
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