Van Huyssteen J.W. (editor) Encyclopedia of Science and Religion

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Fries, Jakob, 499

Fromm, Erich, 862

“From Reductionism to

Instrumentalism” (Rosenberg),

656

Frontal lobes, 161–162

Frustration theory, 6

Fuller, Reginald H., 219

Fuller, Robert C., 829

Fuller, Steve, 758

Functional anatomy, 640

Functional artificial intelligence,

33–34

Functionalism, 343–345

anthropology and, 22, 364, 729

as behaviorist influence, 59

explanation and, 315

feedback loop and, 729

mind–body theory and, 344,

569–570

publications on, 767

sociology and, 343–344, 729, 816

supernaturalism contrasted with,

847–848

Functional magnetic resonance

imaging (fMRI), 310, 614, 615

Fundamentalism, 345–347

creationism and, 379, 760,

785–786, 789

creation science and, 122, 162,

189, 346–347, 378, 760

reproductive technology and,

734

rise of Christian, 122, 162, 346

as science fiction theme, 778

Scopes Trial and, 122, 760,

785–786

scriptural interpretation and, 789,

885

secular humanism charges by

adherents of, 428

sin and, 806

stem cell research and, 842

technology used by adherents of,

346, 872

theological authority and, 885

Two Book metaphor and, 907

Fungi, 292, 852

Funkenstein, Amos, 768

Furfey, Paul Hanly, 817

Fusion energy. See Nuclear energy

Future

unpredictability of, 911

See also Entropy; Eschatology;

Eternity; Hope; Predestination;

Time headings

Future freedom, 336

Future generations

genetic modification concerns

and, 358, 365

germline invention concerns and,

356, 357, 361–362

somatic gene therapy and, 424

Future of an Illusion, An (Freud),

341–342

Future of Human Reproduction, The

(Serour), 2

Future of the Universe, The (Benz),

772

Fuzzy logic, 33, 217

G

GABA, 613

Gabor, Denis, 493

Gabriel (archangel), 463, 464

Gadamer, Hans–Georg, 394

Gaia hypothesis, 349, 530, 531, 747,

769

ecofeminism and, 233

pantheism and, 645

symbiosis and, 852

Gaia Hypothesis (Lovelock), 530

Galanter, Eugene, 160

Galapagos (Vonnegut), 777

Galápagos Islands, species diversity

in, 201, 292, 295–296

Galaxies

astronomy and, 39

astrophysics and, 39

cosmology and, 170, 172, 402,

455

gravitational entropy and, 889

gravitational lensing of, 718

gravitation and, 388

motion of, 61

recession from Earth of, 172

red–shifting of, 61, 99

self–organization and, 798

spatial expansion and, 721

uncertainty and, 392

See also Stars

Galdikas, Biruté, 699

Galen, 49, 427, 611, 698, 749

Galileo Galilei, 349–352

apologetics and, 25

Aristotle and, 27, 180, 780

circular spherical motion and,

822

cosmology of, 85, 125, 170,

179–180, 349–351, 371, 389,

480, 681, 822

early life of, 349

falling bodies law and, 350, 351,

389, 560, 717

house arrest of, 351

materialism and, 398

mathematics and, 544, 658

metaphor and, 560

modern assessment of, 351

Newton’s law of motion and, 665

optics and, 112

Plato’s influence on, 124–125,

681

Roman Catholic condemnation

of, 120, 125, 140, 141–142,

180–181, 207, 349, 350–351,

751, 760, 780

Roman Catholic reinvestigation

of, 143, 351

scientific method and, 658, 780

scientific revolution and, 780

on scriptural interpretation, 788

telescopic observations by, 180,

350

theism and, 40, 824

time concept of, 823

Two Books metaphor and, 906

Gall, Franz Joseph, 611–612

Gallup, Gordon, 699

Galton, Francis, 273, 609

Galvani, Luigi, 612

Gamaliel II, 477

Gambling, 96

Game playing, artificial intelligence

and, 32–33, 33–34

Gamete intrafallopian transfer, 732,

733, 735

Game theory

behavioral ecologist use of, 243

cellular automata and, 46

social behavior evolution and,

791, 809

valuation and, 922

Gametocyte therapy, 422

Gandhi, Mohandas, 205

Ganges River, 403

Ganjin (Buddhist monk), 84

Ganz, David, 479, 492

Gaon, Saadya (Saadia), 485, 488

Gap (day–age) theory (creation),

132, 133–134

Garber, Daniel, 208

García–Riviera, Alejandro, 31

Gardner, B. T. and R. A., 699

Gases

atomic weights and, 668

greenhouse effect and, 390, 624

pneumatology and, 684

Gassendi, Pierre, 42, 539, 906

Gasser, Herbert, 494

Gastrointestinal system, 429

Gaudium et spes (1965; Second

Vatican Council document), 422

Gauge symmetry, 853

Gauss, Carl Friedrich, 372, 375

Gautama Buddha. See Siddhartha

Gautama

Gay gene, 423–424, 733, 806, 810

Gearhart, John, 367

Geertz, Clifford, 20, 21, 31, 193, 596

Ge Hong, 111, 113, 199

Geist (Hegel concept), 446, 569,

645, 878–879

Gell–Mann, Murray, 154, 493, 668

Gender

biocultural questions and, 288

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Gender (continued)

cultural transmission and, 195

definition of, 324

ecofeminism and, 233–234

feminist cultural critique and, 762

feminist theology and, 327–328,

747

Hindu male bias and, 402–403

misuse of imago dei doctrine

and, 449

physical beauty preferences and,

431

science and, 323–325, 654–655

sex–bias–based abortion and, 67,

402

sociobiological view of, 385

womanist theology and, 328,

928

See also Patriarchalism; Sexual

bias; Women

Gender of Science, The (Kourany),

654

Gendron, Bernard, 862

Gene chip, 69

Gene–culture coevolution. See

Behavioral genetics; Creation;

Design; Evolution, biocultural;

Evolution, human; Genetic

determinism; Genetics; Nature

versus nurture; Sociobiology

Gene/environment interaction. See

Behavioral genetics

Gene flow, 294, 609

Gene frequency change, 294

Gene modification. See Gene

therapy; Genetic engineering

Gene myth, 359, 422–424, 584, 806

Gene patenting, 67, 69, 337,

352–355

arguments for, 353–354

Human Genome Project and,

420, 424–425

India and, 403–404

objections to, 352–353, 360–361

General Evolution Theory, 855–856

General Scholium (Newton), 619,

621–622, 623, 659

General Systems Theory, 153, 854,

855

General Theory of Relativity. See

Relativity, General Theory of

Generation (Aristotelian causation

term), 92

Generic theism, Final Anthropic

Principle and, 15

Genes

definition of, 362

See also Behavioral genetics;

DNA; Gene patenting; Gene

therapy; Genetic code; Genetics

Gene sequencing. See DNA

Genesis, 355–356

age of the universe and, 5

biblical cosmology and, 61, 99,

124

Big Bang consonance with,

771–772

on biological diversity, 62, 531

catastrophism and, 90, 188–189,

299, 638

Christian interpretations of, 119,

122, 124, 125, 132, 138, 144,

278, 355, 356, 411, 760, 787

creation account in, 11, 61, 99,

130, 132, 186, 188, 189, 303,

355–356, 411, 415, 564, 591,

760, 821

creation science evidence for,

190, 786

death and, 203

ecology references in, 236, 237,

411

fall account in, 321, 322, 324

historical criticism of, 411, 761

on imago dei, 436, 449

key chapters and verse, 786

linguistic hermeneutics and, 396

literal reading of, 188, 189, 190,

278, 299

Luther commentary on, 248

Maimonides’s commentary, 536

on origin of life, 527, 723

psychological approach to, 708

science–religion relationship

models and, 760, 761

sin and, 805, 806

technology examples in, 870

temporal sequence debate and,

355–356, 411

“Genesis of the Heavens and the

Earth, The” (Dana), 138

Gene therapy, 356–358

biotechnology and, 67, 68, 360

compassion and, 531–532

eugenics and, 273

germline invention and, 68, 273,

337, 353, 356–357, 361–362,

424, 872

Orthodox Christian view of, 131

playing God and, 682

religious values and, 917

somatic, 356, 361, 365, 419, 424,

530, 872

See also Genetically modified

organisms

Genetic algorithms, 46, 282

Genetically modified foods (GMFs),

360, 361, 364, 365, 403, 682,

867

Genetically modified organisms,

358

agricultural plants and, 67, 360,

361, 364, 365, 403–404

environmental issues of, 532

human applications of, 68, 70,

147, 356–357

patents and, 69, 352–354,

360–361

pharmaceuticals and, 67–68

playing God claims and, 682

xenotransplantation and, 931

See also Gene therapy; Genetic

engineering

Genetic code

artificial life and, 37

biosemiotics and, 63

biotechnology and, 65, 425

DNA discovery and, 65, 360,

362–363

embodiment and, 255–256

hermeneutics and, 393

human genome, 420

life formation and, 522–523

Genetic defect, 358–359

abortion in face of, 1–3

adaptive changes and, 226

compassionate action against,

531–532

DNA mutations and, 225, 530

eugenics and, 273

gene mapping and, 419

gene therapy and, 356, 357, 360,

361, 424, 872

mutation and, 584–585

screening for, 2, 65–66, 67, 357,

361, 365, 370–371, 424, 733,

735

See also Genetic discrimination

Genetic determinism, 359

free choice versus, 227, 337, 338,

359, 812–813

gene myth and, 359, 422–424,

584, 806

human nature theories and, 438,

772–773

identical twins and, 363, 366

imago dei doctrine versus,

712–713

mutation theory and, 584

selfish gene and, 796

sin and, 806

sociobiological arguments for,

359, 363, 364, 761, 796, 810,

812

theological concerns about,

363–364, 422–424

theological rejection of, 531

See also Nature versus nurture

Genetic discrimination, 421–422,

423, 733

Genetic drift, 62, 63, 281, 294–295,

609

Genetic engineering, 359–362,

364–365

biotechnology and, 64, 65,

66–68, 69, 121, 359, 360, 867

Buddhist view of, 79

cloning and, 145–147, 867–868

DNA copying and, 146, 360

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ecological ethics and, 238

eugenics and, 273, 422

food and, 360, 361, 364, 365,

403, 867

genetic enhancement and, 424

germline invention and, 357–358

Hindu view of, 403–404

historical background of,

359–360

human dignity and, 367, 422,

424, 425–426

Orthodox Christian view of, 131

patents debate and, 67, 69, 337,

352–354, 360–361, 403–404

pharmaceuticals and, 360, 361,

364, 403

playing God charges and, 337,

338, 360, 682

religious concerns about,

360–362, 404, 532, 872

religious values and, 917

risk–benefit analysis of, 531–532

stem cell research and, 367–368,

841–843

See also Gene therapy; Human

Genome Project

Genetic enhancement, 424

Genetic essentialism. See Genetic

determinism

Genetic fatalism. See Genetic

determinism

Genetic futurism. See Future

generations

Geneticism. See Genetic

determinism

Genetic mutation. See Mutation

Genetics, 362–370

adaptive immunity and, 432

chemistry and, 105

complexity and, 155, 156

cultural development and, 194,

195, 556–557

determinism and, 227, 337, 338,

359, 363–364, 366, 422–424,

531, 584

DNA and, 224–227, 360

dominant and recessive traits,

558

embodiment and, 255–256

eugenics and, 273

evolutionary synthesis and, 639

evolution theory and, 62–63, 155,

226, 293–295, 303, 333–334

fitness and, 333–334

gene mapping and, 419

human genome gene number

and, 420

human nature and, 58–59, 227

immune system and, 432–433

knowledge and, 283

of life, 522–523

life science significance of,

530–531

memes theory and, 194, 556–557

Mendelian, 300, 359–360, 363,

557–559, 703, 837

mutations and, 584

naturalized epistemology and,

599

nature versus nurture debate

and, 607–608

neo–Darwinism and, 379, 609

Paired–Box (Pax–6) gene, 167

primate relatedness and, 699

reductionism and, 363, 364

selection and, 334

selfish gene and, 287, 363,

530–531, 556, 791, 795–796

skyhooks metaphor and, 807

sociobiology and, 194, 226, 290,

363, 795–796

study areas in, 529

symbiogenesis and, 852

theological issues and, 363–364

value scientism and, 784

See also Behavioral genetics;

Biotechnology; Gene patenting;

Genetically modified organisms;

Genetic defect; Genetic

engineering; Genetic testing;

Human Genome Project;

Mutation; Stem cell research

Genetics and the Origin of Species

(Dobzhansky), 609

Genetic testing, 65–66, 357, 365,

370–371

for embryo pre–implantation

diagnosis, 65–66, 357, 361,

370–371, 403, 421, 732, 733

genetic engineering and, 361,

422

purposes of, 67, 273, 357, 421,

422

routine infant screening and, 421

for selective abortion, 1–2, 3, 67,

422

Gene transfer, 360

Genic selection, 791, 808

Genocide, 2, 212. See also

Holocaust

Genotype, 333–334, 368

gradualism theory and, 386

interaction in phenotype by, 523

Geobiology, 875–876

Geocentrism, 61, 125, 170, 180, 186,

371

as Aristotelian and early Christian

doctrine, 821–822

Maimonides’s belief in, 492

Talmudic texts on, 478

Geodesics, 172, 718

Geographic information systems

(GIS), 243

Geology

catastrophism and, 90, 188–189

eschatology and, 269

evolution theory and, 292

fossil record and, 299

Lamarck and, 503

paleontology and, 638, 640

Reformed Protestant theology

and, 138

Teilhard de Chardin and, 875

Two Book metaphor and, 907

uniformitarianism and, 411, 503,

558

Geometry

astronomy and, 544

calculus and, 545

definition of, 543

early Chinese proofs and, 109,

116

Euclidean versus non–Euclidean,

372, 546–547, 823, 824

field in, 329, 372

infinity and, 454

Poincaré’s view of, 661

quantum gravity theories and,

389

relationship with physics, 373,

375, 718

space–time variants and, 718,

823–824

symmetries and, 853

Vedic culture and, 406

Geometry, modern: theological

aspects, 371–374, 375–377

Geometry: philosophical aspects,

374–377, 546–547

axiomatics and, 546

Christian neo–Platonists and,

124–125

Hobbes’s foundationalism and,

568

Platonic thought and, 544

“Geometry and Experience”

(Einstein), 374

Geophysiology, 530

Gerard, R. W., 753

Gerard, Ralph, 854

Gerard of Cremona, 51

German Evangelical Academies, 129

German Idealism, 446, 541, 642, 643

Germany

hermeneutics, 839

Jewish science and, 479, 480,

490, 493, 494, 495

Kantian philosophy and,

498–499

Lutheranism and, 127

materialism and, 538, 541–542

Neanderthal fossil discovery in,

300

nuclear fission energy and, 866

philosophical anthropology and,

437–438

theological reaction to Nazism

and, 212

See also Nazism

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Germline invention, 68, 273, 337

ethical and moral objections,

356–357, 361–362, 424, 682,

772–773, 872

gene patenting fears and, 353

safety concerns, 360

Germ plasm theory (Weismann),

609

Gernsback, Hugo, 777

Geroch, Robert, 172

Geron Corporation, 425

Gersonides, 478, 479, 490, 492

Gestalt psychology, 859

GET. See General Evolution Theory

Ge Xiang Xin Shu (Zhao Youqin),

112

Ghaz1l3, Abu Hamid al–, 48, 49,

466, 467, 473–474, 475

Ghosts, 848

Giard, Alfred, 503

Gibbon, Edward, 441

Gibbons, Ann, 430

Gibieuf, Guillaume, 207

Gibson, James, 160

Gibson, William, 777

Giddens, Anthony, 816

Gifford Lectures, 26, 105–106, 150

GIFT. See Gamete intrafallopian

transfer

Gilbert, James, 747

Gilbert, Walter, 493

Gilkey, Langdon, 219, 386, 450

Gilman, Alfred, 495

Gilson, Etienne, 883

Girard, René, 738–739

Gish, Duane, 189

Glacial drift, 90

Glaser, Donald A., 493

Glashow, Sheldon, 387, 493

Glial cells, 613

Global evolutionary biology, 875

Globalization

cataclysmic apocalytic groups

and, 265

distributive justice and, 917

ecofeminism and, 233

economics and, 244

feminisms and, 233, 325–326

genetically modified food and,

361

human ecology and, 418–419

postmodernism and, 580

sociology and, 816–817

systems theory ethic and, 856

Global theology, 883–884

Global warming, 377, 566

ecological ethics and, 237, 377,

624

greenhouse effect and, 390, 624

nuclear energy alternative and,

624

Glossolalia, 134, 707–708

Gloy, Karen, 606

Gluons, 669, 844

Gluttony, sin of, 805

Glycine, 613

Gnosticism, 51, 565

dualism and, 415, 847

early Christian apologetics and,

25

evolutionary ethics and, 285

on origin of disorder, 633

Goal–oriented teleology, 877

God, 377–380

abortion and, 2–3

afterlife and, 519

anthropocentrism and, 19

Aristotle’s view of, 27–29

art experience and, 31

atomism and, 42

attributes of, 336, 378, 379, 381,

436–437, 448, 449, 583,

627–630, 641–642

Augustine on, 44, 56, 256, 259

autopoiesis and, 46, 47

Averroës’s view of, 48, 49

Avicenna’s view of, 60

beauty and, 56

biblical inerrancy as Word of,

188, 189

biblical technological hubris and,

870

biological diversity and, 531

causation and, 90, 91, 92, 93,

220, 228, 572, 765. See also

Divine action

Chaos Theory and, 212, 770

Christian belief about, 119, 144

Christian heaven and, 519, 520

Christology and, 144–145

“classical” conception of, 886

as clockmaker, 103, 384

commandments of, 491

constructivism and, 165

continued creative activity by.

See Creatio continua

cosmological argument and,

168–170, 181, 381–382, 650

created co–creator theory and,

183, 425

creation by, 61, 91, 99, 119, 137,

144, 169–170, 171–173, 175,

184–187, 188–190, 219–221,

305, 353, 377, 379, 384, 425,

591, 896

critical realism and, 191, 192

cultural value system and, 914

death and, 203, 204

deist belief and, 206, 641

denial of. See atheism

“descent of,” 500

design argument and, 25,

212–213, 214

determinism and, 102, 217

dipolarity of, 701

ecofeminism and, 233

ecological philosophy and, 241

ecotheology and, 247–250

embodiment and, 254, 255

emergence and, 256, 258–259

empiricism and, 261

Eternal Judgment by, 205

eternity of, 269–271, 372

evil and suffering and, 40, 263,

276, 277–279, 336, 339–340,

359, 379, 500, 628, 650,

880–881, 889, 927

evolution theory and, 301, 303,

304–306, 338, 531

extraterrestrial life and, 182

faith as basis of belief in, 319,

379, 391, 562

faith healing and, 829–830

feminist theology and, 327, 328,

762

final cause and, 877

freedom and, 335, 336, 337–338,

813, 927

fundamentalist view of, 346–347

in Great Chain of Being, 398, 577

health outcomes and, 836

in heavenly hierarchy, 822

Hebrew names for, 378, 381, 411,

453

as hierarchical summit, 299, 398,

399

Holy Spirit and, 415, 416

hope and, 417, 418

human nature and, 436–437, 448,

882

human relationship with, 882,

915, 916

hypothesis of, 839

idealism and, 445, 569, 713

imagination and, 447–449

immanence of, 126, 450, 750, 901

incarnation of, 450–452, 500

incompetence of reason in

understanding of, 649

infinity and, 453–454

intervention by. See God of the

gaps

Islam and, 463–465, 466, 467,

468, 473

Islamic name for. See Allah

Judaism and, 378, 381, 411, 453,

477, 479, 491

kenosis and, 304, 340, 451,

500–502

laws of nature and, 321–322, 595,

822

life as gift from, 527

limited power versus

omnipotence of, 126

as love. See Divine love; Kenosis

metaphor and, 560

metaphysics and, 561

miracles and, 222, 279, 379, 562,

575–577

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Mohist belief and, 116

monism and, 583

monotheistic view of, 378, 583

mysticism and, 586

naturalist concept of, 594–596,

634

natural theology and, 211–212,

381, 601, 765

nature and, 209, 379, 382, 509,

606, 621, 622, 642, 645–646,

650, 764

Neo–Platonic idea of, 174, 220,

882

Newton’s conception of, 120,

620, 621, 622, 623, 659, 822,

823

omnipotence of, 336, 627–628

omnipresence of, 378, 531, 583,

622, 628–629

omniscience of, 217, 629–630

order and, 633, 634

origin of life and, 723

panentheistic view of, 102,

641–642, 643, 701

pantheistic view of, 448, 642,

645–646, 650, 901

perfection of, 681

philosophical concepts of, 650

prayer relationship with,

696–698, 831–832

predestination and, 96

predictibility of, 102

as Primary Cause, 90, 91, 97,

137–138, 220, 228

process views of, 643, 700, 701,

765, 886, 927–928

Protestant view of, 248–249,

885–886

providence and, 704–705

quantum indeterminism and,

675, 765

reality and, 445, 446

revelation and, 126, 322,

736–737, 757

sacraments and, 743

science fiction on nature of,

777–778

scientific laws and, 509

scriptural interpretation and,

786–790

as self–emptying love. See

Kenosis

self in relationship to, 794

self–restrictions on, 336, 339–340

self–transcendence and, 799

sin and, 805

sociobiological thesis and, 812

space and time and, 823

special providence and, 642–643,

825, 826

spiritual union with, 309

supernaturalism and, 847

theology and, 882–887

time and, 770, 821, 824–825,

896–897, 898

transcendence of, 901

Two Books metaphor and, 621,

622, 789, 905–908

as the Ultimate, 377, 381, 602,

915

veto power of, 339, 340

Word of. See Logos

world relationship with, 642, 643,

645, 747, 769

See also Divine action; God,

existence of; Imago dei; Playing

God; Theism

God after Darwin (Haught), 772

God and Contemporary Science

(Clayton), 773

“God and Evolutionary Evil”

(Southgate), 772

God and the New Physics (Davies),

771

God and the Web of Creation

(Page), 772

God beyond God, 379

God consciousness, 158

Goddess belief, 778

Gödel, Kurt, 380, 396, 685, 839

Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem,

151, 380–381, 547

God, existence of, 381–382

Anthropic Principle and, 13, 171,

173–174, 175–176, 378, 382,

737, 772

apologetics and, 25, 26

as a priori truth, 381–382, 441

atheist denial of, 39–40

Ayer’s argument for, 686

beauty as proof of, 56

causation and, 92

consciousness studies and, 162

contingent universe and, 166

cosmological argument and,

168–170, 179, 181–182, 209,

381–382, 631–632, 650

Descartes’s proof of, 26, 207,

630, 650, 906

design argument for, 26, 56,

212–213, 214, 215, 379, 382,

603–604, 763, 764

Einstein’s views on, 41, 253, 254,

839

evidence for and against, 379

faith and, 140, 319–320

geometry as evidence of, 375

Hume’s argument against,

319–320, 441

Kant’s views and, 381, 498, 603,

751

Locke’s argument for, 319

natural law and, 382, 562, 600

natural theology and, 103–105,

601–603, 604, 619, 621–622,

737, 763–764

Newton’s arguments for, 619,

621–622

ontological argument for, 381,

630–632, 650

phenomenology and, 162

philosophical arguments and,

650

Platonic arguments and, 681

Popper’s falsifiability criterion for,

40

quantum cosmology and, 175

religious “scientific proofs” of,

789

Roman Catholic faith and, 140

scientism and, 40–41

t

=

O support for, 172

teleological argument for, 120

Thomas Aquinas’s arguments for,

92, 210, 381, 562, 601–602, 650,

763–764, 788, 877

Tillich argument for, 41

Two Books metaphor and, 906

Whitehead postulation of, 925,

927

“God Experiences,” 314

Godhead, 381

God, Humanity, and the Cosmos

(ed. Southgate), 755, 773–774

God in Creation (Moltmann), 501

God Machine, The (Caidin), 778

God Makers, The (Herbert), 778

God of the gaps, 223, 379, 382–384

Newton’s science and, 622, 623,

659, 667, 747

process thought’s denial of, 701

as quantum indeterminism, 770

self–organization and, 798

“God’s moment” notion, 771

God the Invisible King (Wells), 777

God Without Being (Marion), 381

Goguen, Joseph, 161

Gold, Thomas, 99, 172, 841

Golden rectangle, 376

Goldman, Alvin I.l, 599

Goldschmidt, Hermann, 493

Goldstein, Eugen, 495

Goldstein, Joseph L., 494

Golem tradition, 740, 741

Golshani, Mehdi, 773

Gompertz, Lewis, 12

Gona site, 505

Goodall, Jane, 29, 194, 698–699

Goodenough, Ursula, 31, 240, 597

Goodenough, Ward, 23

Goodman, Nelson, 560

Goodness

evil as frustration of, 274

God’s omnibenevolence and, 378

human perfectibility belief and,

126

theodicy and, 881

See also Morality; Value

Good Samaritan, 369, 553

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Good Science (creation science

workshops), 189

Gopher (search engine), 755

Gordian, 409

Gorillas, 699

Gothic imagination, 692, 848

Göttingen Materialismusstsreit

(1852), 541

Gould, John, 201

Gould, Stephen Jay, 167, 193, 214,

384–386

Kantian science–religion view

and, 499

neo–Darwinism and, 364, 384

punctuated equilibrium theory

and, 281, 384, 385, 709

religious views of, 385–386,

757

science–religion as separate

magisteria view of, 761

Grace, 285

Calvinism and, 89

divine self–sacrificial love and,

278

faith and, 604

Lutheranism and, 127, 336

moral freedom and, 336

nature and, 249

psychological perspective and,

708

Reformed theologians and,

137–138

sacrament as visible sign of,

743

Gradualism, 281, 296, 386

catastrophism versus, 90, 386

discontinuous variation versus,

558

fossil record discontinuities and,

639, 760

human evolution and, 300, 301,

558

Intelligent Design versus, 760

Mendelian inheritance

compatibility with, 609

punctuated equilibrium versus,

386, 639, 709

Graduate Theological Union

(Berkeley, Calif.), 420

Graf–Wellhausen theory, 411

Graham–Pole, J., 833

Graininess. See Indeterminism

Gramsci, Antonio, 818

Grand Canyon, 189

Grand Unified Theory, 387–388

Einstein and, 254

field interactions and, 330, 333,

387–388, 618, 669

laws of nature and, 825

M–theory and, 390, 711

as new physics, 618

particle physics and, 387, 669

quantum cosmologies and, 711

string theory and, 669, 844, 845,

848–849

symmetry and, 853

Grant, Edward, 658

Grass (Tepper), 778

Grassi, Orazio, 351

Gravitation, 388–390

action at a distance and,

330–331, 332, 389

age of the universe and, 5

astrophysics and, 39

black holes and, 71, 718

collapse of, 807

as constant, 679

cosmological forces and, 402,

895

as curvature of space–time, 332,

333

Einstein’s General Theory of

Relativity and, 171–172, 251,

253, 331, 332, 389, 664, 667,

717, 807, 834

Einstein’s versus Newton’s law

of, 533

fields of, 329, 330–331, 334, 388,

389

as field theory, 331, 333, 389, 718

as force of nature, 334, 388–390,

402, 665–666, 669, 679, 823,

848–849

Galileo’s law of falling bodies

and, 350, 351, 389, 560

metaphoric statements of, 560

new physics and, 618

Newton’s law of, 90, 170, 171,

181, 330, 331, 332, 389, 545,

560, 619, 663–664, 665, 679,

832

Newton’s view of God as

upholder of, 622

open universe and, 632

origin of original disequilibrium

in, 889

Planck time and, 679

planetary interactions and, 182,

389

quantum cosmologies and,

389–390, 676, 711

quantum physics and, 174, 175,

333, 389–390, 672–673, 807,

844, 848

red–shift and, 61, 99, 717

Second Law of Thermodynamics

and, 889

singularity and, 807

string theory and, 844

theological construal of, 94

Gravitational constant (G), 13, 15

boundary conditions, 74

Gravitational waves, 330, 618

Gravitons, 330, 844

Gravity, laws of. See Gravitation

Gray, Asa, 26, 122, 126, 202

Great Awakening, 564

Great Beginning (Chinese thought),

117

Great Britain

Anglicanism and, 119–121, 290

chemistry and, 103–104

empiricism and, 260

first test–tube baby and, 731–732

Hume’s history of, 442

Indian colonialism by, 401, 402,

403, 409

materialism and, 539, 540–541

mechanistic science and, 125

Newton’s theology and science

and, 613–623

Piltdown controversy, 300, 385

quarrel of ancients and moderns

and, 579

science and religion studies in,

753, 754

science fiction in, 777–778

science–religion periodicals in,

767

Two Books metaphor and, 906

Great Chain of Being, 299, 398

missing links in, 577–578

Great Depression, 246, 815

Great Flood. See Noachian Flood

Great Instauration, The (Webster),

752

Greed, sin of, 805

Greek philosophy

afterlife and, 518, 519

Aristotle’s philosophy of science

and, 657–658

atomism and, 42, 316, 667, 747,

780

chaos and, 98

Christian Reformed theologians

and, 137

cosmology and, 177, 178, 299,

664–665, 762, 821, 838, 846

cyclical cosmologies and, 197,

262, 821, 896

design argument and, 209

divine attributes and, 641–642,

650

drama and, 383, 472, 807

dualism and, 230, 254, 255, 567

early Christianity and, 60,

123–124, 139, 144, 681

economic theory and, 244–245

eugenics and, 273

freedom as internal will concept

and, 335

on fundamental entities, 667

geocentric worldview and, 371

geometry and, 371, 374, 376, 546,

823

hierarchy concept in, 398

human nature beliefs and,

436–437

idealism and, 568

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imagination and, 447, 448

Indian sages and, 409

infinity and, 453

Judaism and, 477, 478, 488

linguistic hermeneutics and, 396

materialism meaning in, 538–539

mathematics and, 543–544, 546,

547, 780

metaphysics and, 561–562

on mind, 572

mind–brain theories and, 611

morality and, 916

multilevel universe belief and,

447–448, 822, 846

mythology and, 725

natural law and, 599

natural theology and, 601–602

nature concepts and, 605–606,

797

nature descriptions and, 591

Orthodox Christianity and, 130

Plato’s Academy and, 27, 178,

679, 680

pluralism and, 683

scientific and religious concerns

and, 749

scientific thought and, 779–780,

781

scriptural interpretation and, 787

self–organization of nature belief

and, 797

semiotics foundations in, 801,

802

soul conception in, 517, 519, 818,

819, 826

spirit conception in, 826

spirituality of scientists and, 838

term theology roots in, 882, 883,

884

time and space concepts and,

821, 897

transmigration of souls and, 901

See also Aristotle; Plato

Green, Christian, 734

Greenhouse effect, 390, 624

“Greening of Science, The”

(Chapman), 390

Greenstein, George, 14–15

Greenwich University, 159

Gregersen, Niels Hendrick, 47, 149,

257, 606, 684, 746, 773

Gregorian calendar, 179

Gregorios, Paul, 250

Gregory I (he Great), Pope, 519

Gregory XIII, Pope, 179

Gregory Nazianzus, 138

Gregory Nyssa, 99, 138

Griffin, David Ray, 339, 340, 384,

594, 759

Griffiths, V., 833

Grifo, Jamie, 734

Grimaldi, Nicolas, 208

Grisez, Germain, 500

Gross, Paul, 782

Grotius, Hugo, 600

Ground of Being (Tillich concept),

381, 448, 882

Groundwork of Science and

Religion (Luscombe), 768

Group ritual. See Ritual

Group selection, 334, 790–791, 812

Group SU(3) (symmetry), 668

GST. See General Systems Theory

Guan gang fa (steel production

technique), 112

Guanine, 225, 419, 530, 584

Guanle (Buddhist monk), 83

Guénon, René, 468

Guenther, Herbert, 586, 588

Guide for the Perplexed

(Maimonides), 488, 489, 490,

536

Guiderdoni, Bruno, 773

Gunpowder, Chinese invention of,

110, 111–112, 113, 114

GUT. See Grand Unified Theory

Gutenberg–Richter law

(earthquakes), 155

Guth, Alan, 100, 174

Guthrie, Stewart, 24, 729–730

Gwei–Djen, 111

Gyu–shi (Buddhist medical texts),

85

H

Haack, Susan, 260

Haber, Fritz, 493

Habermas, Jürgen, 903

Habgood, John, 773

Habitats

biotechnological effects on, 532

in ecosystems, 318, 531

landscape ecology studies of, 243

Hacking (computer term), 460

Hacking, Ian, 653

Hadden, Jeffrey K., 817

Hades, 518

Haeckel, Ernst, 234, 242, 577

Hahn, June, 836

Hakam I (Umayyad ruler), 474

Haken, Hermann, 797

Hal (fictional computer), 35

Halacha, 480, 481–482, 483, 492

Jewish ethical norms and,

484–486, 494

Maimonides’s codification of,

488, 491, 536

new science and, 486–487

reproductive technology and, 735

Halacha, Medical Science, and

Technology (Levine), 487

Haldane, J. B. S., 168, 334, 524, 609

Hall1ah, al–, 473

Hall effect, 257

Halocarbons, 390

Hamer, Dean H., 423

Hamid ibn Ali, 788

Hamilton, Edmond, 778

Hamilton, William, 387, 790–791,

808

Hamilton–Jacobi classical physics,

672

Hamilton’s principle, 389

Hamm, R. M., 831

HaNasi, Judah, 485

Hanbal, Ahmad ibn, 472, 473, 474

Hand, Elizabeth, 778

Handedness, 670

Handmaid’s Tale, A (Atwood), 778

Han Dynasty, 108, 109, 111, 112,

115, 118

Hanson, Norwood Russell, 542, 598,

746

Haraway, Donna, 325, 700

Harding, O. G., 831

Harding, Sandra, 165, 325, 326, 328,

654–655, 692, 758

Hardware (computer)

artificial life, 38

Cartestian dualism and, 8

cognitivist brain analogy with,

160

Hardwick, Charley, 597

Hardy, G. H., 547, 810

Hardy, Sarah, 810

Hardy–Weinberg law, 294

Hare, David, 401

Harmony

mathematical expression of

cosmic, 544, 822, 838

in musical intervals, 543, 544,

680, 838

of values, 914

Harper, William Rainey, 815

Harris, Gordon, 779

Harris, W. S., 831

Harry Potter series, 692

Hart, Ray L., 447

Hartford Seminary (Conn.), 815

Hartle, Jim, 174, 175, 379

Hartley, David, 541

Hartshorne, Charles, 126, 220, 221,

448, 645

on divine omnipotence, 628

existence of God argument of,

631–632

free process defense and, 339

pantheism and, 642, 644

process thought and, 643, 701,

885, 886

Harvard Medical School, 832

Harvard University, 241, 384, 809,

926

Department of Social Relations,

816

Harvey, Van, 887

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Harvey, William, 562

Haseltine, William, 354

Haskalah (German Jewish

Enlightenment), 480, 490

Hassan, Riffat, 327

Hatfield, Gary, 208

Hatha yoga, 589

Haught, John, 213, 304, 633, 700,

772

apologetics and, 26

on power of love, 765

on science–religion relationship

models, 760

Hauptman, Albert A., 493

Hausdorff, Felix, 101

Hawaiian religion, 419

Hawking, Stephen, 379, 762, 768,

771

cosmological theories of, 172,

174, 175

on laws of nature, 825

Hayek, Friedrich, 245

Hayy ibn Yaazan (Ibn Tufayl), 48

Hayy ibn Yakzan (Avicenna), 51

Headland, Thomas, 23

Healing. See Medicine; Spirituality

and faith healing; Spirituality

and health

Healing and Restoring: Health and

Medicine in the World’s

Religious Traditions (Sullivan),

553

“Healing Power of Intercessory

Prayer, The” (Harding), 831

Health. See Medicine; Spirituality

and health

Healthcare. See Medical ethics;

Medicine

Hearing, convergent evolution and,

167

Hearne, Walter, 173

Heart, 429

Heart disease

religious belief/spirituality and,

554, 840

stem cell research and, 367, 842

xenotransplants, 931

Heat death, 888, 894

Heat energy, 664, 888

Heat flow, 331, 888

Heaven, 529

Christian theocentric view of,

519, 520, 846

concept origin, 518

Dante’s geometric structure of,

374–375, 822

empiricism and, 261

eschatology and, 269

eternity and, 205

near–death experiences and,

521

omnipresence and, 628

as sinless, 806

in spherical hierarchy, 822, 846

Swedenborg’s conception of, 520

Heaven Below (Wacker), 134

Heaven’s Gate (cult), 909–910

Hebb, Donald O., 161, 612

Hebrew Bible

afterlife in, 518

apologetics and, 25

catastrophism in, 90, 188–89, 299

defeat of chaos in, 98–99

ecology references in, 236, 237,

419

end–time calculation and, 263

evolution of God in, 378

gap theory of creation and, 132

historical criticism and, 411, 412

Holy Spirt in, 415, 416

hope in, 417

human embodiment in, 436

imago dei in, 449

JEDP documentary hypothesis

and, 411

key interpretative texts of,

786–87

Maimonides’s commentary on,

536

name of God in, 381

on origin of life, 527

prophecy in, 412

Septuagint version, 144, 263, 355

sin in, 806

soul concept in, 517–18

spirit in, 826

Talmudic interpretations of, 394

technology examples in, 870

as theological source, 885

value of suffering in, 880

See also Genesis; Scriptural

interpretation

Hebrew language, 479, 487, 489–90,

536

lack of term for soul, 517

Hebrews, Letter to the, 787

Hediger, Heini, 63

Heeger, Alan J., 493

Hefner, Philip, 322, 364, 700

created co–creator concept and,

23, 183, 531

functionalism and, 345

science–religion studies and, 747,

758, 772, 773

spirit and, 827

Zygon editorship and, 774

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 26

dialectic and, 246, 887

divine incarnation and, 500

Geist (spirit) concept of, 446,

569, 645, 878–879

German Idealism and, 446, 541

holism and, 413

Lutheranism and, 128

metanarrative and, 691

standpoint theory and, 325

theology of, 886

value hierarchy and, 914

Heidegger, Johann Heinrich,

137–138

Heidegger, Martin, 57, 160, 569, 571,

862, 886

Heidelberg Catechisms (1646–1647),

89

Heidelberg Disputation (1518), 127

Heim, Karl, 629

Heinlein, Robert, 777

Heisenberg, Werner, 78, 129, 332,

391

matrix mechanics of, 72, 671–672

Heisenberg’s equations, 672

Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle,

391–392

Buddhist analogy with, 78

complementarity and, 72, 150

dualism implicit in, 676

materialism versus, 542, 839

matrix mechanics and, 672

new physics and, 618

quantum cosmology and, 676

quantum vacuum state and, 712

self–reference and, 799

Heliocentric universe, 61

Copernican system as, 125, 128,

780, 822

extraterrestrial life search and,

317

Galileo’s support for, 349, 350,

780

Kepler’s planetary motion model,

665, 780

medieval Judaism’s rejection of,

479–480, 492

replacing geocentric view, 371

Roman Catholic condemnation

of, 141, 180, 350–351, 780

Helium, 15, 99, 172, 866

Hell

Christian concepts of, 205, 519

Dante’s geometric structure of,

374–375

eschatology and, 269

origin of concept of, 518

philosophical/theological

rejection of, 520

Helmholtz, Hermann, 541

Helvétius, Claude–Adrien, 539, 540

Hematologic system, 429

Hematopoietic stem cells, 367, 841

Hemophilia, genetic testing for, 733

Hempel, Carl Gustav, 512, 569, 651,

652, 655

Hénon attractor, 101

Henry, Carl, 122

Henry, Robert, 442

Henschel, Elias, 494

Henslow, John, 200

Hepburn, Ronald, 137

Heraclitus, 396, 797

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Herbal medicine, 83, 84, 118

Herberg, Will, 816

Herbert, Frank, 778

Herbert, George, 103, 120

Herbert, Nick, 272

Herder, Johann Gottfried von, 411

Heredity

acquired characteristics

inheritance theory of, 37, 281,

288, 299, 503, 609

biodiversity and, 62

DNA and, 224, 225, 294, 296

eugenics and, 273–274, 559

evolutionary variations and,

293–295

genetic code and, 255–256

of genetic defect, 358–359, 370,

419, 584

genic selection theory of, 791

as germline invention concern,

356, 357, 361–362

innate immunity and, 432

Lamarckian acquired

characteristics theory of, 37,

281, 288, 299, 503

Mendelian laws of, 360, 363,

558–559, 703, 837

neo–Darwinism and, 609

selfish gene concept and,

795–796, 808

sociobiological arguments on,

761, 795–796, 810

versus environment. See Nature

versus nurture

See also Behavioral genetics;

Future generations; Genetics

Heresy

Aristotelian propositions as, 124

Christological, 451

Copernicanism as, 141–142

cosmological, 178–179, 180, 181

Galileo case and, 124, 141–142,

180, 181, 350–351

Newton’s theological views as,

620, 623

Hermann, William, 499

Hermaphrodites, 296

Hermeneutics in science and

religion, 392–397

biblical criticism and, 26, 394

Judaism and, 396, 479, 536

linguistics and, 396–397

Newton’s prophecy studies and,

619–621, 622, 623

nonfoundationalist valorization

of, 688

paradigms and, 648

postfoundationalism and, 690

postmodernism and, 395–396,

691

spirituality and, 839

See also Scriptural interpretation;

Value headings

Hermes (god), 392–393

Herophilos, 611

Herrmann, Wilhelm, 412

Herschbach, Dudley R., 493

Herschel, John, 659

Herschel, William, 182

Hertz, Gustav, 493

Herzfeld, Noreen, 747

hES cells, 367, 368, 425, 841

Hesiod, 98, 779

Hesse, Mary, 560, 578, 691, 746

Heterotrophic model, 524

Heterozygote A1A2, 334

Heuristics, 7, 33

Hevesy, George Charles de, 493

Hexateuch, 411

Heymans, G. F., 495

HGP. See Human Genome Project

Hick, John, 650, 887

Hidden–variables theories, 673, 675

Hierarchy, 397–399

anthropocentrism and, 18–19,

385, 399

Christian theological, 398, 822

emergence and, 257, 414

ethnicity and race and, 272

evolutionary epistemology and,

283

feminist critiques of, 326, 399

genetic traits and, 359

Great Chain of Being and, 299,

398, 577

history of concept of, 398

level theory and, 513

in Linnaean classification system,

298

nested, 283

omnipresence and, 629

of order, 397–399, 633

in organized complexity, 152

of Roman Catholic Church

structre, 139, 140, 142, 760

in scientific and religious

knowledge, 757–758

species ranking and, 527

spirit and, 827

of transfinite magnitudes, 454

of values, 397–399, 914, 921

Higgs, Peter, 669

Higgs particle, 669

Higher Superstition (Gross and

Levitt), 782

Hilbert, David, 380, 454

Hilbert space, 672

Hildegard of Bingen, 586, 588

Hindiuism, scriptures and, 399, 400,

401, 403, 405, 407, 408, 885

Hinduism, 399–400

age of universe and, 264

animal rights and, 12, 404, 405,

407

architecture and, 407–408, 409

causal theories and, 91

chaos and, 91

cosmic consciousness and, 158

creation belief and, 185, 187,

402, 591, 773

as cultural tradition, 405

cyclical universe concept and,

197, 262, 401–402, 896

death and rebirth belief. See

subhead reincarnation belief

below

dharma and, 76, 78, 217–218,

403, 404

divine presence and, 744

ecology and, 403

end of the world beliefs and,

262, 263

evil and suffering and, 185,

275–276, 880

free will and, 338

genetic engineering and,

403–404

historical origins of, 399–400

holism and, 402, 405, 409, 763

human nature and, 436

idealism and, 159

karma belief and, 185, 204, 275,

400, 404, 499–500

language and, 396, 408

liberation (spiritual) and, 513,

514, 515

linguistic hermeneutics and,

396

medicine and, 402–403, 405, 407,

553

mind–body dualism and, 567

mystical experience and, 308,

309, 400, 586

mysticism and, 587, 588, 589,

590, 799

panentheism and, 643

pantheism and, 645

reincarnation belief, 204,

275–276, 400, 567, 717

science and, 186, 402–403, 405

self–transcendence and, 799

sin perspective, 805

soul and, 820

spiritual order and, 633

technology and, 409, 869

theodicy and, 880

theology and, 883

time and, 897

transmigration and, 204, 901

ultimate and, 915

values of, 915, 916

Vedas and, 399, 400, 401, 403,

405–406, 407, 408, 885

See also Brahman; Upanishads;

Vedanta

Hinduism, contemporary issues in

science and religion, 400,

401–404, 402, 406, 409, 515,

774

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Hinduism, history of science and

religion, 400, 405–410

technology and, 409, 869

value and, 915

Hippo (Carthage), 43

Hippocampus, 612, 615

Hippocrates, 49, 611

Hirn, Yrjö, 30

Hirsch, Samson Raphael, 481

Hish1m (Umayyad ruler), 474

Histoire naturelle de l’âme

(Lamettrie), 539

Histoire naturelle des animaux sans

vertèbrates (Lamarck), 503

Historian and the Believer, The

(Harvey), 887

Historical context, 166

Historical criticism, 410–412, 536,

761, 789

Historical particularism, 22

“Historical Root of Our Ecological

Crisis, The” (White), 871

History, 576

critiques of models of, 579

cultural transmission and, 608

metanarrative and, 691

modernity as epoch in, 580

naturalism and, 594

particular providence and, 704

philosophy of science and, 652,

653, 657–661

quarrel of ancients and moderns

and, 579

See also Historical criticism;

Science, origins of; Science and

religion, history of field; specific

eras

History of England (Hume), 442

History of Great Britain (Henry),

442

History of Materialism (Lange), 538

History of Science and Religion in

the Western Tradition, The

(encyclopedia), 754

History of Scotland (Robertson), 442

History of the Conflict between

Religion and Science (Draper),

752

History of the Education of

Humanity (Herder), 411

History of the Warfare of Science

with Theology in Christendom,

A (White), 177, 752

History of Western Philosophy, A

(Russell), 425

Hitler, Adolf, 253, 734

Hitzig, Eduard, 612

HIV virus. See AIDS/HIV

Hobbes, Thomas, 193, 230, 441, 520

economic theory of, 245

historical criticism and, 411

materialism and, 539, 541, 569,

687

mind–body theory critique by,

568

natural law theory and, 600

social contract theory of, 915

theology of, 886

“Hobbyist” (Russell), 778

Hodge, Charles, 23, 26, 122, 138

Hodgkin, A. L., 612

Höffding, Harald, 71, 722

Hoffmann, Roald, 105, 493

Hoffmeyer, Jesper, 63

Hofstadter, Robert, 493

Holbach, Paul Henri d’, 539, 540,

726

Holism, 412–415

anthropologic studies and, 20–21,

23

brain studies and, 6122

Buddhism and, 78, 84–85, 763

Chinese medicine and, 107, 118,

833

hierarchy versus, 398

Hinduism and, 402, 405, 409, 763

locality versus, 533

medical care and, 107, 118, 402,

554, 829, 833, 840

quantum physics and, 413, 763

science–religion parallels and,

763, 838–839

scientific hypotheses and, 660

spirituality and, 829–830, 838

systems theory and, 855, 856

Tibetan medicine and, 84–85

Holland, John, 154, 282, 398

Holmes, Welch, 111

Holocaust, 212, 591, 703, 815

eugenics and, 272, 273, 808

Holy Communion. See Eucharist

Holy Office. See Inquisition

Holy Spirit, 415–416

Calvinism and, 89

in Christian Holy Trinity, 378,

415–416

glossolalia and, 134, 708

mysticism and, 586

pneuma and, 684, 830

scientific explanations and, 351

scriptural interpretation and, 394,

788

theologies of, 415–416, 418

Holy Trinity. See Trinity

Homer, 517, 518, 779

Homicide. See Murder

Homilies on the Hexameron (Basil

of Caesarea), 124

Homilies to the People of Antioch

(Chrysostom), 905

Hominidae (family), 298

classification, 430

genera and species, 301, 302

Hominid species. See Culture, origin

of; Evolution, human; Human

beings; Human nature headings

Homme machine, L’ (Lamettrie),

539

Homo (genus), 298

Homo habilis, 29

Homologous structures, 292, 293

Homo neanderthalensis, 300

Homo sapiens (species), 63, 193

age of, 280, 292, 301, 505

anatomical distinctions of, 298,

300

fossil discovery, 300, 301

paleontology and, 640

single origin of, 301

See also Evolution, human;

Human beings; Human nature

headings

Homosexuality

gamete intrafallopian transfer

and, 733

genetic predisposition theory of,

423–424, 733, 806, 810

Homozygote A1A1 and A2A2, 334

Honderich, Ted, 574

Hoodbhoy, Pervez, 467

Hood Mysticism Scale, 588

Hooker, Richard, 120

Hoover, D. R., 831

Hooykaas, Reijer, 752, 768

Hope, 416–418

eschatology and, 269, 417, 708

psychology and, 708

Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 249

Horizontal gene transfer, 432

Hormonal system, 614

Hortensius (Cicero), 43

Horton, Robin, 729

Hoshintan of Saidaiji (Buddhist

monk), 84

Hospitals, 552–553

Hot big bang, 454

House of Wisdom (Arabic royal

library), 472

Howatch, Susan, 774

Howell, Nancy, 328

Hoyle, Fred, 15, 99, 172–173, 176,

182, 841

Hsiao Ching (Confucian text), 79

Hsieh class, 116

Hsuan–tsang, 447

Huai Nan Zi (Daoist text), 112

Huang–di (the Yellow Emperor),

115

Huangdi Neijing, 118

Hua Tuo, 111

Huayen tanxuanji (Fazang), 76

Hubbard, L. Ron, 778

Hubble, Edwin, 61, 170, 172

Hubble parameter, 5

Huber, Robert, 493

Hubert, Henri, 738

Hudan (right guidance), 794

Hughes, Henry, 814–815

Hugh of Saint Victor, 805

I

NDEX

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