Бородулин В.И., Ланцман М.Н. Справочник: Болезни. Синдромы. Симптомы
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40'=080(/=0>+=0/8>=0&,
0/00(/8+0?8+0?+)+00/(0 )(0;
')0+40&80840?=0?&0 )0/=
+00&&)00+)0C0&8(0&;
8(D=00 00&/,0?0&(0*;
80 ?0 0 + 0 +0 0 ?+=0 0 &0 8(
(0+40/))0=0&0 0840
0+00)00/4)00&(;
0'0?++0 0.8(00+ 0;
+0 0 4=0 0 0 0 0 <0 0 4
&(8+0 +0 ')0 0 8(0 +)(0 &8
/0680+?8 80(8=00 0&(0<0;
(0(800 0?)00)))0 >+0)08
0?+0 000+ 0+;
0=00/(0 8(0+)(0?+0//;
=0/0=00,0?+0480;
+80000&8(0 8(0+)(0/))
'?0? 0=008(0+)(0<0)
2)40 )00+0?00840;
'=0 /8(0 / =0 &>0 4)=0 )
/'0 00040
50000400000)000+0/0?8(00 8(0+;
0+0&80)?8004+04?048(00+&;
8+0+00/+0/0 000+0)A0;
'; 0 C D0 >=0 ,0 /8(,0 0 ;
/ ,0/ =00(=0+/=0/=0@//=
(?8=0>)08,-0+8000+0?+48
804)A0=0@++08=0&'000;
=0 =0 +0 *0 /8+0 ? 8(0 =0 0 &,/,)
E=B<EQ0&8(=0 +0/0 00&8(0?00 ;
0+
T0 '0 40 0 0 ?0 ?+40 0 C D
0 +=0 0 +0 +0 + )0 )480 4)
C80=0/D0T0'=0/,-(0( +0?;
++=0+)0/000?+04)0!0C
KOF
*%53$
?=0/?00/D=00/0?)0+8M0 8+
4)+0)),)0)0/ ;/)0/ 00;
4004/ ;> 00C80('=0=
+&?0&84 8(0=04/ ;> 0 D0
5&0 0 )0+
? 0@00.)000(;
800 0080(/00),-+0?&+=0;
>0 0 /+0 0 I4J0 +8=0 &0 /8(
80 +?8 80 (8=0 0 8>)0 >+0 )
8
<4400)48+0+8+0 +0;
&,/)0 0 /=0 0 8(0 8(0 '0 0 ';
8(0 &8(=0 &8(0 ? 8+0 ( +0 ?&);
+0()0)0+)0?0008
0/)0&?0+ ,)08)0+0=0?&8=0
?)00<;00)),)0?04)00/8(;
)A0>00/+00+80400 0';
=0/0 <0(=0/8>=0&00 /0=0 ?+
0?0/0 +04)=0&00&(
/8(=0480(800(0/0) '
0 8)),)0 &>80 +80 0 ;
'0 0=0 00,-+0+=00 )
K<L0 /0 0 0 '0 &4,)0 '/80 (
?/>8000+04/=0')0 0;
8(0&80+),)0)0&8(00@0/0(/>)=0;
,)0?0'=0(/0&0 0(;
=0 )0 00+80/0&'+0;
0+408>)00?8+0+ 0/8(0
+)0)0+)00 0 0&(
0080/0&0/& =0&?0840 ;
0++0">00)00?0'0?=
&'0+ ,)08480?0'=08)0(;
/=0 ),-0 ?&8=0 ,0 ++80 /8(0 /;
0 &0 8+0 4)+0 8(0 +
)),)0&'80=0+=0 0 =0?;
+40?0
.)0=0(00 00;
/+8+0/+0C/+=0&00=0(0>D05?;
&8=0/8>=080&=00=0,07?8
/80+0&80/8+=0/0+?+)0+)0;
00848+0&(+=0/04/,-+)0))+0&;
(?+=0 )8+0 +++0 )))0 (0 >=0 /)0 ;
?)0 +0 )))0 0 EP<E;0 /0 &?0 680 ;
80 ++80 <0 &0 0 +8>'(0 80 0 &/=0 U,8=
+/8=0+0*0+=0&08+0;
+=0&,/,)04)0? 8(0/0((0/8(8(
$4@ 0 514 4@0 ?,-)0 0 ?;
8(0))(00(00&8(00)48+0?&)+0/ ;
;/0+80C0/'=0>+ )0&?0/'D=0;
&8(0&8(000'=084/8(0/0+)040
*%53$
KOL
0 C+=0 0 'D=0 ?)0 =0 &?0 8;
40(/00?0'0N-0 0;
'0 ?)0 0 4(0 /(0 0 0 7?80 ?;
+)0 0>,-+00/0)))0
/0"&80))000;
'0C'?=080/=0 0 500/D0+;
+8
3
0?,)00/00?/(;
8000/4+04/00 '0-00=04;
/ ;-/+0,=00+)00?00&-0?=
00@ 0/000+0? 0@0;
'0 '0-0&,0+)=0&'808=0(=
/80-/=0/+808400/01/ 8008;
?80+ 040?0& 0&(0
0 C 0 D0 ?,-0 0 '
?-8000/0>)00&0/8()0&0;
,08(0+00+0&(00&(800+40&8
0?)00(0 ')00&(0/0/
000?,00'=0000?,0;
'0C0D0&(?+00?0084;
0@(0?+0?00?/4,-0/)08(
+0 C+=0 8+0 ?/4,-+0 /+0 &/0 @8
D0')0+)0 -0?)0 40/0
0 )00?00(0;
0+=0&800)=0 0&
8=0>00&(0?000-/050?,
/8>=0(/)=0'?0*0'08>,)0&;
0C/0?D0040/8(=0? 804800;
(0)-0(80*?0&'0&(0&08480
/00(04/ 000@0080?;
+)00'0-08480+>=0 +00+'04;
/ 0/4+=0 00'0)0>0/00;
0+0(060&,0+0/0;
'0 '0 -0 )))0 (0 /=0 '/,-0
*?0'=0?00 0'
++8=0080?+)0/00/,)0&;
+0?,0'80+0+0/00?;
,0 +?0 C/0 0 &?+0 &(@?D=0 &'0
0 0 *0 '0 -0 &'80 +,)0 +/=
?+=0/008,)00&(00?0/;
'0 00(00/40 8(0+(
@0
4 4
0?)0 ?0<B0 0C40 ?00D
0'0&?0 0?&)=00=0(?;
)0)+0?0&00/0=0 -0=0,-;
)00/4)(0,0?0'0C)0&=0;
4=0&D=0+40&80?&=08>0+80
/0B<O R0.8(0)0(8+=0 8+0C/0:P00&
0E0+D=0)))0'?=0/)00004)0?
0 0 /8(0 0 80 0 80 0 8
?0+0,00<;00,)0?
KOF
*%53$
?=0/?00/D=00/0?)0+8M0 8+
4)+0)),)0)0/ ;/)0/ 00;
4004/ ;> 00C80('=0=
+&?0&84 8(0=04/ ;> 0 D0
5&0 0 )0+
? 0@00.)000(;
800 0080(/00),-+0?&+=0;
>0 0 /+0 0 I4J0 +8=0 &0 /8(
80 +?8 80 (8=0 0 8>)0 >+0 )
8
<4400)48+0+8+0 +0;
&,/)0 0 /=0 0 8(0 8(0 '0 0 ';
8(0 &8(=0 &8(0 ? 8+0 ( +0 ?&);
+0()0)0+)0?0008
0/)0&?0+ ,)08)0+0=0?&8=0
?)00<;00)),)0?04)00/8(;
)A0>00/+00+80400 0';
=0/0 <0(=0/8>=0&00 /0=0 ?+
0?0/0 +04)=0&00&(
/8(=0480(800(0/0) '
0 8)),)0 &>80 +80 0 ;
'0 0=0 00,-+0+=00 )
K<L0 /0 0 0 '0 &4,)0 '/80 (
?/>8000+04/=0')0 0;
8(0&80+),)0)0&8(00@0/0(/>)=0;
,)0?0'=0(/0&0 0(;
=0 )0 00+80/0&'+0;
0+408>)00?8+0+ 0/8(0
+)0)0+)00 0 0&(
0080/0&0/& =0&?0840 ;
0++0">00)00?0'0?=
&'0+ ,)08480?0'=08)0(;
/=0 ),-0 ?&8=0 ,0 ++80 /8(0 /;
0 &0 8+0 4)+0 8(0 +
)),)0&'80=0+=0 0 =0?;
+40?0
.)0=0(00 00;
/+8+0/+0C/+=0&00=0(0>D05?;
&8=0/8>=080&=00=0,07?8
/80+0&80/8+=0/0+?+)0+)0;
00848+0&(+=0/04/,-+)0))+0&;
(?+=0 )8+0 +++0 )))0 (0 >=0 /)0 ;
?)0 +0 )))0 0 EP<E;0 /0 &?0 680 ;
80 ++80 <0 &0 0 +8>'(0 80 0 &/=0 U,8=
+/8=0+0*0+=0&08+0;
+=0&,/,)04)0? 8(0/0((0/8(8(
$4@ 0 514 4@0 ?,-)0 0 ?;
8(0))(00(00&8(00)48+0?&)+0/ ;
;/0+80C0/'=0>+ )0&?0/'D=0;
&8(0&8(000'=084/8(0/0+)040
*%53$
KOL
0 C+=0 0 'D=0 ?)0 =0 &?0 8;
40(/00?0'0N-0 0;
'0 ?)0 0 4(0 /(0 0 0 7?80 ?;
+)0 0>,-+00/0)))0
/0"&80))000;
'0C'?=080/=0 0 500/D0+;
+8
3
0?,)00/00?/(;
8000/4+04/00 '0-00=04;
/ ;-/+0,=00+)00?00&-0?=
00@ 0/000+0? 0@0;
'0 '0-0&,0+)=0&'808=0(=
/80-/=0/+808400/01/ 8008;
?80+ 040?0& 0&(0
0 C 0 D0 ?,-0 0 '
?-8000/0>)00&0/8()0&0;
,08(0+00+0&(00&(800+40&8
0?)00(0 ')00&(0/0/
000?,00'=0000?,0;
'0C0D0&(?+00?0084;
0@(0?+0?00?/4,-0/)08(
+0 C+=0 8+0 ?/4,-+0 /+0 &/0 @8
D0')0+)0 -0?)0 40/0
0 )00?00(0;
0+=0&800)=0 0&
8=0>00&(0?000-/050?,
/8>=0(/)=0'?0*0'08>,)0&;
0C/0?D0040/8(=0? 804800;
(0)-0(80*?0&'0&(0&08480
/00(04/ 000@0080?;
+)00'0-08480+>=0 +00+'04;
/ 0/4+=0 00'0)0>0/00;
0+0(060&,0+0/0;
'0 '0 -0 )))0 (0 /=0 '/,-0
*?0'=0?00 0'
++8=0080?+)0/00/,)0&;
+0?,0'80+0+0/00?;
,0 +?0 C/0 0 &?+0 &(@?D=0 &'0
0 0 *0 '0 -0 &'80 +,)0 +/=
?+=0/008,)00&(00?0/;
'0 00(00/40 8(0+(
@0
4 4
0?)0 ?0<B0 0C40 ?00D
0'0&?0 0?&)=00=0(?;
)0)+0?0&00/0=0 -0=0,-;
)00/4)(0,0?0'0C)0&=0;
4=0&D=0+40&80?&=08>0+80
/0B<O R0.8(0)0(8+=0 8+0C/0:P00&
0E0+D=0)))0'?=0/)00004)0?
0 0 /8(0 0 80 0 80 0 8
?0+0,00<;00,)0?
KOB
*%53$
0 / 0 C'?=0 /8>D0 0 )),)0 ?8
?+)A0 00?=0&0040/8;
(=0480(800>+0)0800040 '08(
0 &4,0 '?=0 )/80 /=0 +,=
050.)0&?0+0(0&8)04;
)0 /+0 T40 0 '0 <:;(0 0 >)0 + =
4)0 0 +?)0 +=0 ?,0 /8>=0 '?
3/0 ?,0 4)A0 0 =0 &'0 =
800 0 ?0E<0 00))0&
0 /0 0 +40 &40 =0 //0 C0
?0+D0?+M00?0?0480;
/800+0&80+>800?+(=08=080;
/)0+-800&,0=000?/008)),)
?0@+?+80 0?+)0+0())0/
P<P0/
" 080+=00=0/480 )0 ;
'=0&00+)0?000( (0?&;
0&(00(=004004+00 +0?
8+00 )40,-+0+)+=048+0;
'; +0>+=00/8(=0/ ;/00;
0/ ,=00400&+0>)+0;;
0)008,-0+800&)0 00)(
/)00
80/480&,/0804+00 00;
/0(/00'=0/0+00/0/404
0040/ 0+)04=0/)=00;
>0+=0&)000&000?8,-)08>
*+-=00+0(/)0&=0/40+ 0;
)0>0? 0+0-80(/0?0400,
0*-0/40&808=0&0++=0+(;
00(+ 0-/)-0&(/+0&00A0 00+;
=0+)0/=0,80+=00+00/00+;
/+05 040/0?0'0> 000/0?;
)0+?+00?
)0)0?, )08+0&?+00+0;
&8(0/0? 0&0/40&80+=
0/0/4/)08/)0 0 /'0 ?&/)0+;
0&8080&(/+0+)00/ 8(
C/(0 (D0 /?(=0 0 +0 +=0 &80 0
0 0 0 ?/0 0 //40 ))0 &)
'')000+/)0/+0+)0&;
'/800& 08
.08/)0?&/)0+0&)0)0;
/)0 0 +0 @/+ 0 &=0 0 8
&?=0?),-(0/400@,0*0?/0;
/)0 @0 &?0 0 0 I/+>(J0 +0 /
? 0&0>00/)=0(>0,-
0 ,00C 0'800+&'00;
&+0&;+?=0'80HH<HHH0)D00/,;
-+0 &)0 )0 )0 /8+0 &;
0/)0+800/4+0 &(0 0 ?+
*%53$
KOO
&++0N&80?&40?)0 0+;
?+00&+00+>00 (0'=
&(/+0?+)080 ?0L<EP0/00@8+0/;
+=0+)+8+0/)0 )0&8(008+0+)+=0);
)00+/8080N-0? ,080;
0/)0C/+=0&00/D00&-)8(
/?(0.0(0+00/408>0L<EP0/
08+0 +0/+=0?+8+0/)0 )
&8(08+0+)+=0)08=0/08(0;
000/40'0&(A080;
0 <0 =0 @0 0 /M0 /=0 ?44,-0 +0 <
''=0&+0C&D00/M0(,-0/0<
+=0//0)=0(/0++)=0+=00)=0
/=00/400/M0/=0 >,-0+');
',00(=0<0=0=0=0)00';
')0 8M0 /?'80 /0 <0 +/?=0 ? ;
00(/0)=0K<EPQ00,?80*+),04
+80/0C/+/=0 0 0/D00 0;
808=00=0+/0*0?)>+;
)0 0+00)48(0 )(00? ,0 0?,
/80+80*0?)+0 +),0 ;
800&),-0/0C/=0&00/D=0;
0C+=0+=0/+D=0/,0,=
+ 80/0C?=0+/00/D
*0 0?8(0+=0?,-()000/
/ =0/-+0+0)),)0/ 80?/8=
+ 80/0)/00@+0 ?80&8=0&;
( =0 (,-0 /0 &(/+80 ')0 >;
0;0))=0 &)0?05)0
0++0 0'8(0+0/40+=
&,-+0,0+0(/+0&(0*
'0&)?0&()0*0&?0+0)/
0 &8+=0 +8+=0 &( +0 +
/0? 0/?0(),00? 000;
0 &8(0 +0 +80 ,-0 '/8A0 &=0 ;
=0 80&8)0*0+?'0+80
0 ?)0?0'0'&?0>04;
+=0? 0? (0+/0 )0C/+)=0/;
+)=00N=0 TN=0/80+/80 =0;
++40/0D
0 ++0 0 +0 4)0 0 /40 &;
0?058+00/+0)),)0? 04;
)=080?,0;00+&-=0&,0;
+?'0 >0 0 )'=0 ,0 '0 ;
8)00 =0/4/,0&?08(
=0 >,0 0 +8=0 ),0 /8(,0 +=
,0/40/00))0 &0?;
0? ,004)0+800/0+00;
0 &&0 0 0 &+0 ?0 0 '
+0 0+/,)0@+80+ 04;
)0/)0 =0-00&>0+/=0/8(8
KOB
*%53$
0 / 0 C'?=0 /8>D0 0 )),)0 ?8
?+)A0 00?=0&0040/8;
(=0480(800>+0)0800040 '08(
0 &4,0 '?=0 )/80 /=0 +,=
050.)0&?0+0(0&8)04;
)0 /+0 T40 0 '0 <:;(0 0 >)0 + =
4)0 0 +?)0 +=0 ?,0 /8>=0 '?
3/0 ?,0 4)A0 0 =0 &'0 =
800 0 ?0E<0 00))0&
0 /0 0 +40 &40 =0 //0 C0
?0+D0?+M00?0?0480;
/800+0&80+>800?+(=08=080;
/)0+-800&,0=000?/008)),)
?0@+?+80 0?+)0+0())0/
P<P0/
" 080+=00=0/480 )0 ;
'=0&00+)0?000( (0?&;
0&(00(=004004+00 +0?
8+00 )40,-+0+)+=048+0;
'; +0>+=00/8(=0/ ;/00;
0/ ,=00400&+0>)+0;;
0)008,-0+800&)0 00)(
/)00
80/480&,/0804+00 00;
/0(/00'=0/0+00/0/404
0040/ 0+)04=0/)=00;
>0+=0&)000&000?8,-)08>
*+-=00+0(/)0&=0/40+ 0;
)0>0? 0+0-80(/0?0400,
0*-0/40&808=0&0++=0+(;
00(+ 0-/)-0&(/+0&00A0 00+;
=0+)0/=0,80+=00+00/00+;
/+05 040/0?0'0> 000/0?;
)0+?+00?
)0)0?, )08+0&?+00+0;
&8(0/0? 0&0/40&80+=
0/0/4/)08/)0 0 /'0 ?&/)0+;
0&8080&(/+0+)00/ 8(
C/(0 (D0 /?(=0 0 +0 +=0 &80 0
0 0 0 ?/0 0 //40 ))0 &)
'')000+/)0/+0+)0&;
'/800& 08
.08/)0?&/)0+0&)0)0;
/)0 0 +0 @/+ 0 &=0 0 8
&?=0?),-(0/400@,0*0?/0;
/)0 @0 &?0 0 0 I/+>(J0 +0 /
? 0&0>00/)=0(>0,-
0 ,00C 0'800+&'00;
&+0&;+?=0'80HH<HHH0)D00/,;
-+0 &)0 )0 )0 /8+0 &;
0/)0+800/4+0 &(0 0 ?+
*%53$
KOO
&++0N&80?&40?)0 0+;
?+00&+00+>00 (0'=
&(/+0?+)080 ?0L<EP0/00@8+0/;
+=0+)+8+0/)0 )0&8(008+0+)+=0);
)00+/8080N-0? ,080;
0/)0C/+=0&00/D00&-)8(
/?(0.0(0+00/408>0L<EP0/
08+0 +0/+=0?+8+0/)0 )
&8(08+0+)+=0)08=0/08(0;
000/40'0&(A080;
0 <0 =0 @0 0 /M0 /=0 ?44,-0 +0 <
''=0&+0C&D00/M0(,-0/0<
+=0//0)=0(/0++)=0+=00)=0
/=00/400/M0/=0 >,-0+');
',00(=0<0=0=0=0)00';
')0 8M0 /?'80 /0 <0 +/?=0 ? ;
00(/0)=0K<EPQ00,?80*+),04
+80/0C/+/=0 0 0/D00 0;
808=00=0+/0*0?)>+;
)0 0+00)48(0 )(00? ,0 0?,
/80+80*0?)+0 +),0 ;
800&),-0/0C/=0&00/D=0;
0C+=0+=0/+D=0/,0,=
+ 80/0C?=0+/00/D
*0 0?8(0+=0?,-()000/
/ =0/-+0+0)),)0/ 80?/8=
+ 80/0)/00@+0 ?80&8=0&;
( =0 (,-0 /0 &(/+80 ')0 >;
0;0))=0 &)0?05)0
0++0 0'8(0+0/40+=
&,-+0,0+0(/+0&(0*
'0&)?0&()0*0&?0+0)/
0 &8+=0 +8+=0 &( +0 +
/0? 0/?0(),00? 000;
0 &8(0 +0 +80 ,-0 '/8A0 &=0 ;
=0 80&8)0*0+?'0+80
0 ?)0?0'0'&?0>04;
+=0? 0? (0+/0 )0C/+)=0/;
+)=00N=0 TN=0/80+/80 =0;
++40/0D
0 ++0 0 +0 4)0 0 /40 &;
0?058+00/+0)),)0? 04;
)=080?,0;00+&-=0&,0;
+?'0 >0 0 )'=0 ,0 '0 ;
8)00 =0/4/,0&?08(
=0 >,0 0 +8=0 ),0 /8(,0 +=
,0/40/00))0 &0?;
0? ,004)0+800/0+00;
0 &&0 0 0 &+0 ?0 0 '
+0 0+/,)0@+80+ 04;
)0/)0 =0-00&>0+/=0/8(8
FPP
*%5"5
4)004040N?0<:0/)04)0408);
,00(/+040/)0*0 >0))0&
4)0 8),0 0 +0 0 (/+0 40 )=0 ;
,0 040/)0((004(0 =0-=
4),0/8(804)=0/)0/4/)0&?)
8(00/)04)=0 ,-0/40/;
00)/0 0 &0+0?0 (/&0 0
/8(8+0/4)+000/+=0000&8+0+0*
80 ?0 '0 +/,)0 0 8(0 )(0 &)=
(/&0084(=0&40?+=08080C&=0&/+;
=0D
" 0 &(/+0 /0 /0 8?/)A0 +?'
+ )0&8(=0/'0 (=0&8(00;
(0?0)080&8(0?0'0/4
0? 0 0'0 0000(;
++8(0 ?0 0 0 '0 ;
?/0?0'/)=0(/000'
0( 00?+0
$0*080?0'
0 /0 /40 0 )(0 '?8(0 &;
'8(0/=00)(00)(0+0&;
'8(0 +)0 , 0 &,0 +=0 +,=
'0=0+/+?80+/80 )0C)'=0;
)00/D08=0>0,0+,=0/4;
80(/)0/0/8+0&,/+00 0F<E0+
*? 0 +0 0 0 '0
&>0 0 &)8=0 8?/0 0 0 '
;0<0 0:;0/0 &?0)40 0+0 -0
&0 ?/0 8+0 0 /8+0 +=0 /,;
-+0+0)),)0Ge,-0&?00/8()=0 ;
0( 0'=080/=0040
*00&,/0&-(0;;
(0 '0 C4+0 /=0 0 +-=0 &&
?8,=0 +=0 '0 =0 ?)')0 ';
8(0&8(00/D0&(/+0+00/0 0?;
&=0804/,)04+0(040?
+,0?=0')0 0( 0'0
+"!#
$'0/?00 0?0/;
000+00?0? 8(0 (0';
00?,0+?0+0/0' 0?&;
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