Бородулин В.И., Ланцман М.Н. Справочник: Болезни. Синдромы. Симптомы
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?/0 0 0 +?0 980 /0 /0 ++&?
+-,0'0>8=0+> 00+=0/8+8(00&;
+0>=00)?00 >000+
4=000@+0/0?&08(0/4=0;
&8(08?0/04/00+?02;
0&0-),004(0(00-004
000040
FPF
*53!35VX03.5%
/+00>0 0)))0?/40+ =0&,;
-)0?'0+ 0?8)0C00?0+80+
?8)008D0080B0 00+80'&?0/
&>(0/?0/0
5&/0 , 0 4/0 0 ,0 ?
*0+8(0>0/0&8 0?,008);
4=0000@0&,00+0+>;
=004/0/00) 0/0/0+0@;
08)4)0 -0?00 0
T(/0?0&8+0)00 &-+0'+0.)0
*00&0'=0)=0)/'0,040@8+=
+8+00'8+0+=0/0)00'0//8,
;+800?80=0/)0?0 +0)+
=00 ?+40/)0 -/)-=0/?0 ;
0*+),040'80+8=0& ,-0+ ;
0/0/)=080/0800;
++0 /0 0 ) 0 /0 ? 0 +0 40
4=0>0<00040? 0+,00/8(8(
=0&'80+4=0/8()0+=0/4/,-
,0 ',=0 //40 /;@0 &0 5;
& +0/0/)00+&?0&(00
0&8(004+0?+0C/4/0&?4)=0 ;
))0+&?')=0@+& 0 =0+80/?800<0/
(0=00)004(0 )(00+)0 ,
0/4)00(0()0&80 0))080
;;
'0 C/D0 0 0 /0 /4/,0 ?0 ;
8(0)?04/0
" 0 8(0 >0 + )0 &)?
/0/0/0+0 &U+0 0+ =0 80
/408>0EPP0+03/0+40&80?0@+)')
+ 0?8)00 &00+40 +0-=00 ;
/0 /0 ?0 ?/=0 )00<;0/)00+80N
&+0)),)0?80/0?&0+)08(0&;
8(00 8(0?+0*/ 0?0',0;
+)',00 00 +00&/+00'+0%;
04/ ;> 00+4000+-,0'?/
800 +0?+0 0/,00&8(00?;
&8(0?+=080+40& 00+-,0+;
0 <0 &=0 /?+=0 ?/0 C//D0 -0 ?
+040/4/0
0C)0/0 ;
=0+4=0 &)0+0<00+0 ?00/D=0+
40 )+0 >0 C&80 /=0 ?+8=0 +( ;
0/08(0+D0
+$
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#0<0+0
!
+ "!+
'0 0 ?&0 0 ;
+8=0 (?,-()0 /?8+0 4+0 (
8(0 =0 (/)-(0 0 0 ? 8(0 0
0 )),)0 /8+0 >)+0 C ;
+ ?+D=0 8+0 >)+0 C 0 0 0 I
*5"35*233
FPL
JD0 0 8+0 >)+0 C 0
/ ,D0*0&>000,0 /0;
/,0&0/8080=0@+0&8 0++80 ;
,)00/8(0/0 0++ 0++0;
40/?80(04)08(0
.0,04=0+0&0 /;
)0?/ 0<000@,00@0+0/480(/A
0 ?0 =0 &-0 ?0 + =0 /0 )
0,?8=0+ 800=0')=0 8(0+;
=0 @?0 &0 ?+80 C/0 &8(0 'D=
)0/0=0T30&,>0=0?00
3N;',0*0?)+0/)0+0/
4/ ;> 0 =0 + 0 +8=0 ,+&,0 ;
',=0800+ 0?&)0
/'
0C)0)0/+?,-)
/)D0(?)00?,-)0/+;
?'0>08(00 8(0=0)0++;
0/8000/0/0 00&>0&8(0+ ,)
?0004/ ;> 0'0C ;
00&8(0 -008)),000SkhosiewkGjql0qfdc=04
0'+=0+?+=00><D=040+ ;
,)080+>00''0
) 0 0*)))0+00
(0/00/0C&8 0/0:0/D00++
+8> 0 &0 0 /8(=0 ?+0 0 +8(0 /(0 ;
=04/,-)08/+0(48(008(
0 0 +0 8+0 >)+0 0 0 IJ
I J0 N0 0 ?(8,0 /8(,0 0 ,
+=08+0&?+0++ ,00&&,00+0;
/0 0?,080>)0C8>0/)=0(;
/)00/0>)0+0/'D0"(/0&8 0
)00L;0/)0008)))08>0&00+;
+0008>+0'?0C&; )0/'')D0.;
0=0)0+0&?)0C?00/4;
)0<:0/D=00?+0 )0=00+40/;
4)0 0 (0 /0 /0 (0 +)'0 +0 &8
00 0/8(8(0+8>'=0+=0+&@+&0;
8(0=00/'=0=0/0&/)0+;
8+0 +/+0 0 0 +0 ?0 /0 KQ0 *
0(/00LPQ0 08480 80;
0(),)00&0 +00EKQ0&8(
" 0&(/+0//0&000/
0?+40&80(/>)0))00)48(0 )(0;
0? 0+00+-0&00/0
0*0 &&+0 0<0?80?/00&')
/)0)00/4/)0'00+8(00)48(0 ;
)(=00&8(=0)>(0&00+)+0/4,=
?+?0 C:<F0 0 ?0 /D=0 80 0 80 0 /0 ?&;
)=0)00.)0/4/)000;
00/)04804000C>)0/&)0=
80/)0D=0804)0<00?000*4
FPF
*53!35VX03.5%
/+00>0 0)))0?/40+ =0&,;
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?8)008D0080B0 00+80'&?0/
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=004/0/00) 0/0/0+0@;
08)4)0 -0?00 0
T(/0?0&8+0)00 &-+0'+0.)0
*00&0'=0)=0)/'0,040@8+=
+8+00'8+0+=0/0)00'0//8,
;+800?80=0/)0?0 +0)+
=00 ?+40/)0 -/)-=0/?0 ;
0*+),040'80+8=0& ,-0+ ;
0/0/)=080/0800;
++0 /0 0 ) 0 /0 ? 0 +0 40
4=0>0<00040? 0+,00/8(8(
=0&'80+4=0/8()0+=0/4/,-
,0 ',=0 //40 /;@0 &0 5;
& +0/0/)00+&?0&(00
0&8(004+0?+0C/4/0&?4)=0 ;
))0+&?')=0@+& 0 =0+80/?800<0/
(0=00)004(0 )(00+)0 ,
0/4)00(0()0&80 0))080
;;
'0 C/D0 0 0 /0 /4/,0 ?0 ;
8(0)?04/0
" 0 8(0 >0 + )0 &)?
/0/0/0+0 &U+0 0+ =0 80
/408>0EPP0+03/0+40&80?0@+)')
+ 0?8)00 &00+40 +0-=00 ;
/0 /0 ?0 ?/=0 )00<;0/)00+80N
&+0)),)0?80/0?&0+)08(0&;
8(00 8(0?+0*/ 0?0',0;
+)',00 00 +00&/+00'+0%;
04/ ;> 00+4000+-,0'?/
800 +0?+0 0/,00&8(00?;
&8(0?+=080+40& 00+-,0+;
0 <0 &=0 /?+=0 ?/0 C//D0 -0 ?
+040/4/0
0C)0/0 ;
=0+4=0 &)0+0<00+0 ?00/D=0+
40 )+0 >0 C&80 /=0 ?+8=0 +( ;
0/08(0+D0
+$
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#0<0+0
!
+ "!+
'0 0 ?&0 0 ;
+8=0 (?,-()0 /?8+0 4+0 (
8(0 =0 (/)-(0 0 0 ? 8(0 0
0 )),)0 /8+0 >)+0 C ;
+ ?+D=0 8+0 >)+0 C 0 0 0 I
*5"35*233
FPL
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/ ,D0*0&>000,0 /0;
/,0&0/8080=0@+0&8 0++80 ;
,)00/8(0/0 0++ 0++0;
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)0?/ 0<000@,00@0+0/480(/A
0 ?0 =0 &-0 ?0 + =0 /0 )
0,?8=0+ 800=0')=0 8(0+;
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)0/0=0T30&,>0=0?00
3N;',0*0?)+0/)0+0/
4/ ;> 0 =0 + 0 +8=0 ,+&,0 ;
',=0800+ 0?&)0
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?'0>08(00 8(0=0)0++;
0/8000/0/0 00&>0&8(0+ ,)
?0004/ ;> 0'0C ;
00&8(0 -008)),000SkhosiewkGjql0qfdc=04
0'+=0+?+=00><D=040+ ;
,)080+>00''0
) 0 0*)))0+00
(0/00/0C&8 0/0:0/D00++
+8> 0 &0 0 /8(=0 ?+0 0 +8(0 /(0 ;
=04/,-)08/+0(48(008(
0 0 +0 8+0 >)+0 0 0 IJ
I J0 N0 0 ?(8,0 /8(,0 0 ,
+=08+0&?+0++ ,00&&,00+0;
/0 0?,080>)0C8>0/)=0(;
/)00/0>)0+0/'D0"(/0&8 0
)00L;0/)0008)))08>0&00+;
+0008>+0'?0C&; )0/'')D0.;
0=0)0+0&?)0C?00/4;
)0<:0/D=00?+0 )0=00+40/;
4)0 0 (0 /0 /0 (0 +)'0 +0 &8
00 0/8(8(0+8>'=0+=0+&@+&0;
8(0=00/'=0=0/0&/)0+;
8+0 +/+0 0 0 +0 ?0 /0 KQ0 *
0(/00LPQ0 08480 80;
0(),)00&0 +00EKQ0&8(
" 0&(/+0//0&000/
0?+40&80(/>)0))00)48(0 )(0;
0? 0+00+-0&00/0
0*0 &&+0 0<0?80?/00&')
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)(=00&8(=0)>(0&00+)+0/4,=
?+?0 C:<F0 0 ?0 /D=0 80 0 80 0 /0 ?&;
)=0)00.)0/4/)000;
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80/)0D=0804)0<00?000*4
FPB
*5"35*233
0&(/+0+)04/800 =0 +0+)00+0&;
0/4040040/)0/4/)0&8(0;
0 4(0 0 0 ')(0 0 +&?0 &(0
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80 /=0 /8=0 8=0 /
/80 0 0 0 *?80 0 ;
&'80+))0C/8()0+=08=0?+
0804)D0
0144/:L4/D
400 00/+0<0(?)0&0+/;
8+0?+0C?0)0&8 0/4)00+00+D=
,0?)00/>,-,0',=0+ ,)0&08;
480>)0 =00+0 0&=0040 ;
)0&0/+0?+40'/,-0 =00 -0&,/;
)000&?00" 0 ;
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0(0+0/0/&),0?00;
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8=0)00 08=0>0?0&0+;
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0K<L;0/0<0 0+8>'0=0=0/+80?+4
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/& 0 /U)?8 0
4440&8 0?)
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4(0 00/,-+0 0),)00;
+80/80=0+8>'8000-=00+0 00/8(,
+0 0 0 0 &/,0 >)0 &0 ;
0 ?+0 0 0 0 0 + )0 ? ;
08>0&=0/00+'80'?0+;
80 (/80 )?80 0 +0 /8(8(0 +8>'0 0 4+
/'0T084>(0&8(00 )0)0
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C&0080:B0 D0+>0)00)40 (
405/000/=0/0)),)0 0+;
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0/)0//4,-)00++ )0)00/0;
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*5""3T3$
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08?0/'+0+0
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0 80 n0 /8+0 +0 /+0 )
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=0800(/)0000+80/806;
808/0(8(0=0 0(/)0044;
)00(=0&?80?+80+8>'00C+D=0&?
+8>'0 0 8(0 =0 8480 80 >)0 C;
0/00(=0 0 0'?048(0=
+')=0/')04/ ;> 0D0*0?00;
)=0/0+0
E
00/(0+080=0040;
080?+40000 0(0+;
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? 0'/8
+ &
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PPP +00D0*)0&8 0)?00(4/+0=0;
++0+ 8(0/=0&>0 04/=0+ )0
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=04/)0+>+000+ 0C;
)D0 *0 (+0 /&0 +40 &,/)0 8)0 ;
)00+ 0C)D0*)0?040
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4/,-()04+0'0;
00*0( +0
(
00 0/ ,
)0+ )0&0 0*0@+0 08/)+0+;
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+ #
%
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0 +8=0 (?,-)0 +0 8>+0
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8>0/'00+0+?0@'=0'00+&;
'05)000( (0?0?)0
0+0/0,-0 05+ ,)0+;8
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& 0?+480 )0?0/=04/=0> =0+M
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0 0 +&?+0 0 0 8>0 /40 @'0 /
F<ByEP
O
0 n0 CF<B0 +0 0 E0 +0 D=0 +&0 CEBP<PP0 nD=
5 +>0/0E<0++n
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0/4040040/)0/4/)0&8(0;
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80 /=0 /8=0 8=0 /
/80 0 0 0 *?80 0 ;
&'80+))0C/8()0+=08=0?+
0804)D0
0144/:L4/D
400 00/+0<0(?)0&0+/;
8+0?+0C?0)0&8 0/4)00+00+D=
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480>)0 =00+0 0&=0040 ;
)0&0/+0?+40'/,-0 =00 -0&,/;
)000&?00" 0 ;
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0(0+0/0/&),0?00;
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8=0)00 08=0>0?0&0+;
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8(0008(0>0)0?)00)40;
0?)00840?00 80/0?;
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0?&)00 :<K;0/0)))0 >0+/'=
0K<L;0/0<0 0+8>'0=0=0/+80?+4
40'=0(0=0/0'0 =
/& 0 /U)?8 0
4440&8 0?)
0F<E;0/0C -00KP;0/D00 )0/8(0/
4(0 00/,-+0 0),)00;
+80/80=0+8>'8000-=00+0 00/8(,
+0 0 0 0 &/,0 >)0 &0 ;
0 ?+0 0 0 0 0 + )0 ? ;
08>0&=0/00+'80'?0+;
80 (/80 )?80 0 +0 /8(8(0 +8>'0 0 4+
/'0T084>(0&8(00 )0)0
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/)0 ,08=0)0000/)
C&0080:B0 D0+>0)00)40 (
405/000/=0/0)),)0 0+;
+8=0' )0)040@050 )0);
0/)0//4,-)00++ )0)00/0;
)0/)0 &,0+=0+4=0@+)',
*5""3T3$
FPO
544
08?0/'+0+0
E0
0;
0 80 n0 /8+0 +0 /+0 )
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=0800(/)0000+80/806;
808/0(8(0=0 0(/)0044;
)00(=0&?80?+80+8>'00C+D=0&?
+8>'0 0 8(0 =0 8480 80 >)0 C;
0/00(=0 0 0'?048(0=
+')=0/')04/ ;> 0D0*0?00;
)=0/0+0
E
00/(0+080=0040;
080?+40000 0(0+;
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? 0'/8
+ &
% '
0 0 0 8/)+0 + 0 C8>
PPP +00D0*)0&8 0)?00(4/+0=0;
++0+ 8(0/=0&>0 04/=0+ )0
(+00(+0/&=0/(0@/8(0(0
=04/)0+>+000+ 0C;
)D0 *0 (+0 /&0 +40 &,/)0 8)0 ;
)00+ 0C)D0*)0?040
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4/,-()04+0'0;
00*0( +0
(
00 0/ ,
)0+ )0&0 0*0@+0 08/)+0+;
0)0<000
+ #
%
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0 +8=0 (?,-)0 +0 8>+0
@'=0&U+0',-0=0 +0?00;
8>0/'00+0+?0@'=0'00+&;
'05)000( (0?0?)0
0+0/0,-0 05+ ,)0+;8
'0400' 8+0+=0480?/=00?8(
& 0?+480 )0?0/=04/=0> =0+M
?0 0 0 8M0 8)),)0 )0 ?)=
0 0 +&?+0 0 0 8>0 /40 @'0 /
F<ByEP
O
0 n0 CF<B0 +0 0 E0 +0 D=0 +&0 CEBP<PP0 nD=
5 +>0/0E<0++n
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? 0' (00* ? 0(/>)00?;
0+&?0/04?048(0
+ &
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0 ?0 & 0 0 + 0 ?8)0 0 ?/
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EP<EK0 ?0 0 E0 0 0 0 +0 /)0 0 ?8+8
80 C+8D0 ?880 0 + ,=0 0 8(
&8000)0/40+ 0C+0
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0/)0
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8+0&?+08+08+04+0?8(0&
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8'008?80&?',0?+=008&0;
008'+00C+0
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&/,040&=0)00/80
*?0+0 0),-,)0?0 (0);
=0 /,-,0 0 /+0 ')0 /8(0 0 ;
-00/0 )0?A0=08?808'0/;
00M00<08'0?8(0M0;0<
8'0)
+0 )+0 ?0 40 U,0 0 6
80+40 4)0 +!00)48(0 )(00+0;
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8>0+8000/+0))+0))0?&)
0+80C(/=0@'D=040?00(;
0=0?0/+0%!00)/0 0&,/,)04;
80))A0
=0+=0
=0$!
0/0&)0?0+/,)0+80/;
0/0&=0U'=0?8(00?8(00.)0;
08'0&(0+80+),0=0?/0" ;
0 ?>)0 8'0 &(0 +80 /)0 0 4=
0&(0+80/0@00)48(0 )(0?0;
? ,0/,0,0* ? 0 -0&)8
* 0?0/?)0 ' )0;
&?')0 8)8+0 +0 8+0 +/)=0
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)=08'008?80?&
+ !
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0 /)=0 )0 , 0 0 0 )
>0&U00&0/)=004080;
>)0 0 ')0 0 ++0 +0 ;
0 C()0 +')=0 4/+)0 @))')=0 ?+=
/00/D
*5"5V052"53$
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!
0 <0 0 0 ?)/8,0 4(0 8(0 0
&00/+,0?08+0>+0+4/0/+0'+
0&>0=00+0)=0 )00/00/;
M00&0>+0?0&8 0 )00+&'0+;
)0)04?00@+0+40&80,0(00(;
00?+0+-0 )00+4 =0/,;
-(0>?00(/&8+0?+)+00/+0(=
0400(/&+00( 0/+
<4
0 <0 0 0 0 '+0 40 ?M
0@+00 00+0&00=0&
0+0088)00/ 0+0 0/)0N;
0 0+40/000(00&+0+80@0=
>00'(0?/0>0&)=0&8 0(/)-()00?0&;
8(0/0T0/ ;/0+40 )00?;
0)03/0&8,004?8080);
?00/+0'=080)/000+
00?-0
00)-0+)00 0&?8(0
0 , ,=0 )0 0 >0 ( 0 0 /
=0/800+,0N-0 )0/
+4 =0&0(/)-()00?88(08(0 4/)(
/)0/0/0=0,+(=0 ?+(02?80/;
80+?+00@(0)(0&0-0+0/;
',00 )0.)00+?+0(;
0 /,-)0 /A0 0 0 /0 ?0 ( (
&0 40 M0 --0 0 /4
4+0M000 )00'0/;
+00*0+0+?+0+-0+/)
?80 0 +0 '+=0 8=0 0 4)0 +))0 0
0=00+0+)00?+
$<4
0C4=0/+)D0<080>)0048;
+=08(0/0'0)00@+0*00?+4;
0/)0+004?0C(00/8(0&-(=
+)00/(0)(=00/'0+0?0/& 8(
8(0>00D0?)0+40800(/)-
)=00&00)))00/00'008;
+0+0/=0/=0?+=0 00(0 8(
)(0 0 '=0 +)0 ?+40 +0 +&',=
;0&00?0
+=5434
0<0&)0@')0000
0+0>008?8,-0 0>0* 0+;
0)))0=0000/0(808
0,0 /0&(/+0, 0?&)0+ 08=
@/0C(80/&00/D=0/ ;/,0C>+ ;
)0&?0/'=0 )0&?00/D=0 ,0;
,0)/08(0040)00>0;
0'00+4 0>)0 0(0 )00+=
+)+8+0 0 ( 0 A0 /+0 C+;
+=0+=0=080)D=0&,+0&>;
0=004008+0?8+0/+0
3
0<080>)00&?+08+0/+