Бородулин В.И., Ланцман М.Н. Справочник: Болезни. Синдромы. Симптомы
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,-0 //40 )=0 /0 @0 &,/,)0 ;
>800(/&=0/)=0000C8/;
80?0)0 +0/00?/0&0?0);
)=0 8)0 I/J0 '0 )40 0 D0 N0 ,
80 >)0 C8>)0 0 4=0 ')=
?8=0 )0 )=0 +')D0 T ? 0
&8(0 ?)0 /)=0 )0 /0 &80 8+0 );
+0&?=0/>)0/8+0+0T0PQ0&8(
?)0 /+')0 0 &?0 80 &80 ),0 =
?+00&8 0&?)00&0?+00&0;
0=000? 0,0+0&8 0;
00&(+05/00)-0+)0/))0/4;
04?0&8(00&-00)'
?0 *0 /',0 0 /8+=0 8+
?++=0)?8+00++0=0++/0C';
D=0=0+/=0?=00')0C';
?=0?=0/?+D=0+/=0/+'=0';
=00)=00)=0' (0/
*0+8000&>0&8(0++80 ?,00 ;
0:<B0/=00/00?))000+)'
0/400( 0/0C'/=0D0+>,
++8
" 0&?0*0/0)80+0;
8(0/=04/0 00/80 C;.57D=0;
/4-(0 +&',0 /80 0 &+0 0 /;
&?80 C&/0 0 &??/+D=0 80 /4/0
KFF
*5.5232
+&?+0 0 0 =0 0 ?)0 ? 0 +;
>0 /?0 /80 0 ?0 )0 & 8(0 /0 T0 &;
>0 &8(0 0 &?,0 *0 /0 8?80 /+ ;
0 >=0/0@0@0)))0 0I+ +J=0
0 0 0 /4/0 />0 )0 ?&;
)=00)00C /+0<KD000 0 )00&;
>0 &8(0 @0 0 ?&40 4)=0 );
),)0 &)0 /0 0 0 ?&8 )0 /)
0C/?D0T0&0+/8(0&8(0C/ FP0D00;
? )0/808,)0)=0? )0=080/;
+=0+/=0(00(0+&',0
*0 ?+0 -0 +0 (0 /=
+>0(0/?800>08)0C/0?&)
4/ ;> 0D0+40?)0 0?=0;
8,-0&000040)=0&,-00;
,0 /0//4)04?048(0'=0/;@;
0&=0/0)=00+&?0&(00;
=0 +=0 40 0 ?0 <0 ?0 +80 /8=
0 /0 0 ? 0 =0 0 0 0 &0 ?0 /?
?+08>00/0400 0E<00
*++00=0?80+4=0 &)0?;
=0&8(0/0)0&4/000/)0(0=
+))00+=0 0I0<00J040? 0+
+?')0+04/ ;> 00C?8=0?+/
404/D00+-,0-8(0/=0&8(0-8+
+=0 '8(0 4=0 +0 &8(0 *0 ;
>00?80/800/8+0/+0<0+=
+00EP<K0+00 00?/(0/)(0+0?)
(?80 /0 /+0 0 ,&8(0 (
/0*0?0(?000/04/00;
, 0 /+',0 + 0 ?&)=0 //',0 0 ;
',0C+ 0+8=0(00/D0 0')08);
8(0>0000(=0&(/+0?0/?0;
(0 /0 =0 0 @0 ?+4=0 0 +
80?0(0n0? 0( 0/=08&)0
?0 (=0 80 40 8?8,0 @+/80 & 80 @8A
/0C@D=0/?0CD=0?0CD
+("
'0?&00/=04/,-)
/'0/0000)00*'
(?)08+0+0/0CD00?;
+0 ?&/8(0 +=0 +=0 >8+0 ?&=0 ;
0)00/0?&'00*'0(;
=0?)0+/
0? ,00/0/00H0/0&8(0+0&;
0)80--)00/(=0 =0?/=0
580 ++80 0 HH0 /0 <0 0 /0 0 ))
0.80?8(),)=0?,0?&/80+8=0/0+;
0?)0&'80)00 +4?&8(00 +48(0;
/0 ?&)=0 0 0 /))0 0 ++0 0 /
*2""x
KFL
?4)0 0)0 0 0 >0 /0 .;
80'0/00/40?&0*)),)0&80--)
08
{0HHH0/0&,/)0)0/00)0=
0 0?0&0&40>0?&00,-,0(0/;
407')0&0?&0?04)=00+(;
)0?0040&)0 0'00&;
0 &>+0 >8,0 ?&=0 ,0 /8(0 +
?,0 / 0 &)=0 )0 &=0 ?,)
&'80 0 ++0 + )0 0 )0 )0 ;
)0 0 3(/+0 ?&)0 +40 &80 +)
8/0?&
/0&,/,)04)00/0/0=0;
=00+/0
" 0 , 0 +))0 +0 0 &-0 (
%0 0 0 0 , 0 =0 &,-(
?,0 0'M00/0 ;+00;
/0C)0?&0+)=0+80/8(0+0;
+0=0+40/=0?)00/D0
+ 2$ '
0')0&?=0)-))000?;
?M000/0+8(08(0'00
?&/0 <0 kgjqflqiik0 hfijeGcpk0 <0 )0 0 ?8+
'+0 =0>)04=00&?,-)0004,;
-0/0?&/0+ =0)+0 800&0
?0E<0 M00j0LK R0+&0&0+M00?+000)(
())0<:0/)
3 +0 ?8&/)0 '0 )),)0 &80 480
48;&0C/+>0'8=0800+08
=0=0>=0&=088=0/+80+8>D=008(0?&/;
0(/)00,=0=0+ 00)(0N0?4)0
00&8+048+0000+0?+40;
/ 0?&/)0 ?0-80/800/=0?)?80;
4)+048(=0040+8+0+000
N-0&,0&0'/ (004/ (0+
3&'80 /0 <0 E<K0 /0 0 +0 /)0 ?&/)
/40 0+0?0&'00+=0/0?;
)0+00)/0 0&,/)0 )00;
0?&)0C8)0+=0=0+)08D05;
+ ,)0+)=0@=0+=0U,0 ,)08
+800&
. ? 0,000 08=0@;
/+ 0+?0C?+400048+D00;
?0&8(0/00',08/)0?&/)
/)0& 0/0=0+8=0?0?0
0?=0/4+0&'
" A 0 &0 ?,=0 ? ,0 &0 ;
'00'0)/=0&-),-00++;
0 /M0 0 +8(0 4)(0 ?0 0 +>;
KFF
*5.5232
+&?+0 0 0 =0 0 ?)0 ? 0 +;
>0 /?0 /80 0 ?0 )0 & 8(0 /0 T0 &;
>0 &8(0 0 &?,0 *0 /0 8?80 /+ ;
0 >=0/0@0@0)))0 0I+ +J=0
0 0 0 /4/0 />0 )0 ?&;
)=00)00C /+0<KD000 0 )00&;
>0 &8(0 @0 0 ?&40 4)=0 );
),)0 &)0 /0 0 0 ?&8 )0 /)
0C/?D0T0&0+/8(0&8(0C/ FP0D00;
? )0/808,)0)=0? )0=080/;
+=0+/=0(00(0+&',0
*0 ?+0 -0 +0 (0 /=
+>0(0/?800>08)0C/0?&)
4/ ;> 0D0+40?)0 0?=0;
8,-0&000040)=0&,-00;
,0 /0//4)04?048(0'=0/;@;
0&=0/0)=00+&?0&(00;
=0 +=0 40 0 ?0 <0 ?0 +80 /8=
0 /0 0 ? 0 =0 0 0 0 &0 ?0 /?
?+08>00/0400 0E<00
*++00=0?80+4=0 &)0?;
=0&8(0/0)0&4/000/)0(0=
+))00+=0 0I0<00J040? 0+
+?')0+04/ ;> 00C?8=0?+/
404/D00+-,0-8(0/=0&8(0-8+
+=0 '8(0 4=0 +0 &8(0 *0 ;
>00?80/800/8+0/+0<0+=
+00EP<K0+00 00?/(0/)(0+0?)
(?80 /0 /+0 0 ,&8(0 (
/0*0?0(?000/04/00;
, 0 /+',0 + 0 ?&)=0 //',0 0 ;
',0C+ 0+8=0(00/D0 0')08);
8(0>0000(=0&(/+0?0/?0;
(0 /0 =0 0 @0 ?+4=0 0 +
80?0(0n0? 0( 0/=08&)0
?0 (=0 80 40 8?8,0 @+/80 & 80 @8A
/0C@D=0/?0CD=0?0CD
+("
'0?&00/=04/,-)
/'0/0000)00*'
(?)08+0+0/0CD00?;
+0 ?&/8(0 +=0 +=0 >8+0 ?&=0 ;
0)00/0?&'00*'0(;
=0?)0+/
0? ,00/0/00H0/0&8(0+0&;
0)80--)00/(=0 =0?/=0
580 ++80 0 HH0 /0 <0 0 /0 0 ))
0.80?8(),)=0?,0?&/80+8=0/0+;
0?)0&'80)00 +4?&8(00 +48(0;
/0 ?&)=0 0 0 /))0 0 ++0 0 /
*2""x
KFL
?4)0 0)0 0 0 >0 /0 .;
80'0/00/40?&0*)),)0&80--)
08
{0HHH0/0&,/)0)0/00)0=
0 0?0&0&40>0?&00,-,0(0/;
407')0&0?&0?04)=00+(;
)0?0040&)0 0'00&;
0 &>+0 >8,0 ?&=0 ,0 /8(0 +
?,0 / 0 &)=0 )0 &=0 ?,)
&'80 0 ++0 + )0 0 )0 )0 ;
)0 0 3(/+0 ?&)0 +40 &80 +)
8/0?&
/0&,/,)04)00/0/0=0;
=00+/0
" 0 , 0 +))0 +0 0 &-0 (
%0 0 0 0 , 0 =0 &,-(
?,0 0'M00/0 ;+00;
/0C)0?&0+)=0+80/8(0+0;
+0=0+40/=0?)00/D0
+ 2$ '
0')0&?=0)-))000?;
?M000/0+8(08(0'00
?&/0 <0 kgjqflqiik0 hfijeGcpk0 <0 )0 0 ?8+
'+0 =0>)04=00&?,-)0004,;
-0/0?&/0+ =0)+0 800&0
?0E<0 M00j0LK R0+&0&0+M00?+000)(
())0<:0/)
3 +0 ?8&/)0 '0 )),)0 &80 480
48;&0C/+>0'8=0800+08
=0=0>=0&=088=0/+80+8>D=008(0?&/;
0(/)00,=0=0+ 00)(0N0?4)0
00&8+048+0000+0?+40;
/ 0?&/)0 ?0-80/800/=0?)?80;
4)+048(=0040+8+0+000
N-0&,0&0'/ (004/ (0+
3&'80 /0 <0 E<K0 /0 0 +0 /)0 ?&/)
/40 0+0?0&'00+=0/0?;
)0+00)/0 0&,/)0 )00;
0?&)0C8)0+=0=0+)08D05;
+ ,)0+)=0@=0+=0U,0 ,)08
+800&
. ? 0,000 08=0@;
/+ 0+?0C?+400048+D00;
?0&8(0/00',08/)0?&/)
/)0& 0/0=0+8=0?0?0
0?=0/4+0&'
" A 0 &0 ?,=0 ? ,0 &0 ;
'00'0)/=0&-),-00++;
0 /M0 0 +8(0 4)(0 ?0 0 +>;
KFB
*.3T"x
* ? 00++0 0&)80* ;
0/)00+08),00 ,0&8(048(=
/,0 ;0 /?=0 /?'=0 &,/,
+0/400(/0?0&8+048+0C&00;
'/4/=0+80000048+00/D=0-,
0/00&8+0/+>+048+
+(& 2$ CA0>D0<0?0040
>0*0&)8(0@/+ (0)(0)80>0+;
0&80 +0?&/0800?0
? ,08(=0)8(00&8(0C>'D0>0+0;
00&0>=0/8)0)'0C/8D=0,0(00;
+=0+0)0>0<00&,=0/4/03?0)'08),)0;
=0-,-)00?8(0>00'0?)0(/
0(?)00/4)00+0P0/0?)0>040L<
:F0/
+45B0),)=0?)00
0 =08+0&?+00&?+00,/0*))0>
400/(00>(0&)0*00?>0>0+
?)00(0/4/=08+0/4)+=0/++
&=000/?0&8 0(/00;
>0 (0 +0 4?0 C)0 +8=0 /)0 +
000&)D=0 0)?00?+08+0;
+00 0)00? 8+0'8+00(8;
+0&/)+
80>0 -0?,00/00&000?8=
/0+0))00/0 00 (04)0&;
4,)0>00/80*0@+0+ ,)080?/=0 8=
?+40@?+?')04=0/0 00;
'00/0+=0=000?-8(0;
)(080,)0&8+08+0 @/+0 CD0 T;
,)00))0&?8+080+ 0?8
T80)8(0>08?8,080?/0400)0;
8(088=08(0@'0C+-00&
)'8=00/+8> 8(0 /(=00>D0N0 0&0
/))0 )0 )0 ')0 *0 40
+0 0&0)?80;&80'
B0 ?,0 0 0 0 &=0 +>=
(0 0&/0C?D00?-8(0 )(0+0;
))00&0/+8> 8(0/=0=0/=0&/=08=0;
'800&0>00),)00,004
(/0+-008(0(=040 ?0;
0&00/0/+80&-0?)=0?+4000&0
+00&8(0>0&?,)0;0)0
/0EP0++=00 ?,-00/M0 ?0E<0/00&/
?,0080?/04
*0 &40 8(0>0(08 8,0 8+0 &+=0 ;
&,/)04=0 &800)0?0%4 00/0/
0 C80 4 D0 0 80 0 ,=0 0 (0 )0 /
? /,-(0 '/A0 EPQ0 /,0 +8;,0 @+,=
,0 )0 ?0 '0 +8;0 @+0 C
*.3T"x
KFO
? KPQ0(?)0+800KPQ0D=0/&))00EPP0+0';
0/0E000/8M0KQ0&,0+?0C?)00/)0?;
8(DM0 PQ0/;+8,0?,0&?&?0+0(/0;
0 ?0 0 80 0 /80 =0 0 ?40 >+
.)0&&00&8 0&)0K<EP0+0+8;0@+;
0&0EP<P0+0/;+80?0&?&?M0K<K00&;
0+?0*80)008=0)?8,0008;
00P<P0+=00?+0+,00/00+8+0C>++D=0;
,0K<EPQ0+00800?/8+0+
0/08+0+00 8,080 8+0&+0*0;
/?0+40?00CE0&0),00KP0+0/8M
8+0+0 + ,0800+-,0&=0 8/4,
0EP0+=0?+0+,080&8 8+0&+D
*0)+0/?0/)0,0&&0C+,00;
) 0/00+8+D00/+0/?',0&)=0(0/4/8=
8(0/40048(0+-0.?',0&)=0(;
0 /4/80 0 8(0 /40 -),0 0 /?';
8(0+(=0000(0<0'/+0*/0)0
(0-0C80/4=0(,,0/4/D0?0 ;
8(080080&0?+ ,00@+0C;
000&D03?,0P=EKQ0/,0@+,0&=0/)
)00000KPQ00K00PQ0@+,-)0'
&0/&),0E000/8M0P=PFQ0/,0@+,0/;
=0 /)0 )0 0 0 E=0 0 KPQ @+,-)0 '
/0/&),0E000/8M0PQ0/,0+8;,
@+,M0KQ0/0+'00>0+0.)0?+ ;
)0/0+00&)0(/)0=K00@+=0/
+00&)0<0:<:=K00C@?')00?0/;
0@+0P<P0+=0/0<0K<EP0+D=0/)0>)0/;
0+0(0/4/80<0KP0+=08(0/40<
:PP0+05&&8+0-+0+40?)00(0>)
0 )0 *0 &&0 >+0 0 /0 +0
&)0(/)0K00/0+'=0P<KK00+M00/
+08(0/40<0:P00 /0+'=0FP0
+M00/0+0(0/4/80<0:P00/0+'=
EPK00+0*0@0-0/8,00+>M0)0<0 0/
0-0)(,00/),08+=00-0,0/0 ?;
)0?(0
.)0 4)0>00+-)(0C0D000/+(0&;
0+),04/00>&?80'/803?0
0E0+
0-/0?,0KP<EPP0+0P=KQ0/00(
CF00BPQ0( 0(0?&),00/0/0E0D0&
EK00KQ0/0+'00>0+0.)0&&0;
+-0?,)040@?8+0&+0I;J00I;
&?J0N?00 00&&0+-0,00 00 =
?+0/)04,0&
*0?0&,0800&000/+8> 8(0/(=
,00480 040EPQ0&,0,0+?=0KQ0&,
+?=0000'/
8(00? 8+04)+040C/+800/D=0/
/0K0=0&+8(00+)-(04-0&&80?8+08>
KFB
*.3T"x
* ? 00++0 0&)80* ;
0/)00+08),00 ,0&8(048(=
/,0 ;0 /?=0 /?'=0 &,/,
+0/400(/0?0&8+048+0C&00;
'/4/=0+80000048+00/D=0-,
0/00&8+0/+>+048+
+(& 2$ CA0>D0<0?0040
>0*0&)8(0@/+ (0)(0)80>0+;
0&80 +0?&/0800?0
? ,08(=0)8(00&8(0C>'D0>0+0;
00&0>=0/8)0)'0C/8D=0,0(00;
+=0+0)0>0<00&,=0/4/03?0)'08),)0;
=0-,-)00?8(0>00'0?)0(/
0(?)00/4)00+0P0/0?)0>040L<
:F0/
+45B0),)=0?)00
0 =08+0&?+00&?+00,/0*))0>
400/(00>(0&)0*00?>0>0+
?)00(0/4/=08+0/4)+=0/++
&=000/?0&8 0(/00;
>0 (0 +0 4?0 C)0 +8=0 /)0 +
000&)D=0 0)?00?+08+0;
+00 0)00? 8+0'8+00(8;
+0&/)+
80>0 -0?,00/00&000?8=
/0+0))00/0 00 (04)0&;
4,)0>00/80*0@+0+ ,)080?/=0 8=
?+40@?+?')04=0/0 00;
'00/0+=0=000?-8(0;
)(080,)0&8+08+0 @/+0 CD0 T;
,)00))0&?8+080+ 0?8
T80)8(0>08?8,080?/0400)0;
8(088=08(0@'0C+-00&
)'8=00/+8> 8(0 /(=00>D0N0 0&0
/))0 )0 )0 ')0 *0 40
+0 0&0)?80;&80'
B0 ?,0 0 0 0 &=0 +>=
(0 0&/0C?D00?-8(0 )(0+0;
))00&0/+8> 8(0/=0=0/=0&/=08=0;
'800&0>00),)00,004
(/0+-008(0(=040 ?0;
0&00/0/+80&-0?)=0?+4000&0
+00&8(0>0&?,)0;0)0
/0EP0++=00 ?,-00/M0 ?0E<0/00&/
?,0080?/04
*0 &40 8(0>0(08 8,0 8+0 &+=0 ;
&,/)04=0 &800)0?0%4 00/0/
0 C80 4 D0 0 80 0 ,=0 0 (0 )0 /
? /,-(0 '/A0 EPQ0 /,0 +8;,0 @+,=
,0 )0 ?0 '0 +8;0 @+0 C
*.3T"x
KFO
? KPQ0(?)0+800KPQ0D=0/&))00EPP0+0';
0/0E000/8M0KQ0&,0+?0C?)00/)0?;
8(DM0 PQ0/;+8,0?,0&?&?0+0(/0;
0 ?0 0 80 0 /80 =0 0 ?40 >+
.)0&&00&8 0&)0K<EP0+0+8;0@+;
0&0EP<P0+0/;+80?0&?&?M0K<K00&;
0+?0*80)008=0)?8,0008;
00P<P0+=00?+0+,00/00+8+0C>++D=0;
,0K<EPQ0+00800?/8+0+
0/08+0+00 8,080 8+0&+0*0;
/?0+40?00CE0&0),00KP0+0/8M
8+0+0 + ,0800+-,0&=0 8/4,
0EP0+=0?+0+,080&8 8+0&+D
*0)+0/?0/)0,0&&0C+,00;
) 0/00+8+D00/+0/?',0&)=0(0/4/8=
8(0/40048(0+-0.?',0&)=0(;
0 /4/80 0 8(0 /40 -),0 0 /?';
8(0+(=0000(0<0'/+0*/0)0
(0-0C80/4=0(,,0/4/D0?0 ;
8(080080&0?+ ,00@+0C;
000&D03?,0P=EKQ0/,0@+,0&=0/)
)00000KPQ00K00PQ0@+,-)0'
&0/&),0E000/8M0P=PFQ0/,0@+,0/;
=0 /)0 )0 0 0 E=0 0 KPQ @+,-)0 '
/0/&),0E000/8M0PQ0/,0+8;,
@+,M0KQ0/0+'00>0+0.)0?+ ;
)0/0+00&)0(/)0=K00@+=0/
+00&)0<0:<:=K00C@?')00?0/;
0@+0P<P0+=0/0<0K<EP0+D=0/)0>)0/;
0+0(0/4/80<0KP0+=08(0/40<
:PP0+05&&8+0-+0+40?)00(0>)
0 )0 *0 &&0 >+0 0 /0 +0
&)0(/)0K00/0+'=0P<KK00+M00/
+08(0/40<0:P00 /0+'=0FP0
+M00/0+0(0/4/80<0:P00/0+'=
EPK00+0*0@0-0/8,00+>M0)0<0 0/
0-0)(,00/),08+=00-0,0/0 ?;
)0?(0
.)0 4)0>00+-)(0C0D000/+(0&;
0+),04/00>&?80'/803?0
0E0+
0-/0?,0KP<EPP0+0P=KQ0/00(
CF00BPQ0( 0(0?&),00/0/0E0D0&
EK00KQ0/0+'00>0+0.)0&&0;
+-0?,)040@?8+0&+0I;J00I;
&?J0N?00 00&&0+-0,00 00 =
?+0/)04,0&
*0?0&,0800&000/+8> 8(0/(=
,00480 040EPQ0&,0,0+?=0KQ0&,
+?=0000'/
8(00? 8+04)+040C/+800/D=0/
/0K0=0&+8(00+)-(04-0&&80?8+08>
KLP
*""
/+0?-)=0&4/00>0?/)00+-,0;
0&&=04=08 8)
*0 +0 /0 0 0 ?0 40 0 &
+80 (0 /0 0 /80 0 Q0 +0 /&0 )
*+80?/)00 0(0+0*0?/4
U,80 /0 ?0 0 ?0 PQ 0 ';)
C&'/D=00 &?0<0Q 0 0*0 ?)?;
040+00/00)0>,=000/M
/)0/)00040+40?0KQ00++=
<KQ00(+=0Q00/&0)0+04;
08+80?)?80 040/00+8+
*/?0, 000)0;
(0 8=0 >0 &; 0 &4)0 3//;
)00/)00)+0+8,000+0;
000&)=0/ +0+0/0/+=00400/(
(0 <0 /(0 /(=0 >(=0 (M0 +0 +
&)00/?00(00/8(0;&8;
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=0 )?80 0 0 =0 80 0 ( 0 0 C0 /0 <
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+)+=0 )=0 40 &&=0 0 =
(/=04=0?/40*8=0?+)04
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8+0?(+=0&?0+000?0N?00+)
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00?0+=00/(00/0)?8+0<0?U)?)06;
80?+)0)?80 00080+0 ;;
0'=0)00 0);80*00(;
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0,)00(0/0)),)0&0&?/8
3?+)040)),)00+00088(0 (0 ;
/0@+8=040&8 0++ 00'=00&=0
=0 -(=0 0 >0 0 &=0 0 80 0 0 0 =0 40 0 /=
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&/0>>=00 00&4,)0
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+/000/800EPP0+0<0?00/00 0EK<
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0+=0=000* 000&
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4,-0/80,0&,00/'00+8;
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044/8=08>)0+)+=0>)0=04)0;
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=0?)0/+)=0>)0=0&808=0&,/)
0'04/ ;> 00T0/0>0?;
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!
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?8,-0=0040)0+8=0&,-0 >,0+?;
0&-)0C40'D00(4/,0?+0C+;
0'00/=040&8=0(/80+00
0 /D0*0?00/0&,)0 80+80
(4/,0?+00 ,0/)0/ ;/;
00/(0+0C+0
1
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)=08(00?-0& (00 08/)=