Бородулин В.И., Ланцман М.Н. Справочник: Болезни. Синдромы. Симптомы
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/0+/'+0&,/+=00(0)0>& 0')0
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D0&?0++0+
>,0+-000/00) 0?80;
?0/00?0*0&40&>0;
)0) 0C&0:0+00,+0/00+?=0&;
0K0+00/+0 ?D0?0-0 &/=
, ,-0 ',0 )+> ;+ 0 &)0 0 /,;
-+0' +0/+0=0,00;
+,0 *0 +0 /)0 @;&,0 /)0 )0 ;
0+80(=0-,0?,00?00&,>
=00+0 0&>0=0 00/+8=0/)0/;
)00)0'00'?8(0 ;;
/(0'(0/)0/00) 0?,04
+,,00)/;+;?,0+,
" 0 0 ) 0 8)0 0 +0 ( ;
(=0(+ (=0 8(=0+8(00++;
(0+/0" 0&8(0+0) 0H00HH0/0 )
0'0/)0+=00/00&>00*0;
'0?0(+)008(0 &8(0 4/)(00;
(+0+),040 ,0,
*00) 0HHH00Hv0/0/8+0 )0+
=0, ,-0',=0(+,00CD0/'0&;
0?00&,>000&>0 0 0 ;
,0 0 '=0 0 '0 0 /0 <0 0 (+0 *
'0 +))0 0 +++0 /,0 8(0 (8(
+00+?00+=0 &80?/0 >0)0/)0/,-
(+0 0 0 0 0 @0 ',0 -),0 /;
-,0 +',0 0 @',0 +0 0 /+0 0 /=
&>0 0 0 /8(0 + (0 ?0 *(+;
,0C0/4)00+0E0/D0 -0/)=0?)0 ;
)0'=0+00'00'=0/;
+'00'
* ? 0 0 0 ) 0 ?0 0 & (0
(=00 )0'0 0/0 /
KF
5*T65"3
)0*?0K;084+000) 0H0/0;
),0FP<LPQM0HH0 /0<0:P<KPQ=0HHH /0<0 EP<:PQ=0Hv0;
/ <0<LQ0+)00>0(0+0+&;
0 )=0@0?00+,0/'00?++0;
,0*@+0, +00&+00) 0)))0?&
8(0/(/0000/040? 0/,08;
),04-=0+,-(080 0 ?)0 0 ) =0;
80/480(/)0/0&,/+00C+8004
E0?00F0+D000&(/+0&/)00'08+
+0/4/)00) 0)))0+08);
000 0/& 8(0(0@0
/0 55= = 410 -0 ,)0 ?;
8 +80C/+/808D0<0/& 80(=0);
-0?0? 8(00?+0C4=040=0=0;
0=0=0?&D=0?, 8(00?&?,0+=008;
8(0 0 0 0 5(0 &8 0 /))=
0 +/=0 &>(0 ?+0 0 /0 5&4)=0
=00+/8(04-00/>00/00?)
0))0&80?++0(
N0 (/0 0 40 (=0 4/,-)0 +++
040*0 +0/0/+/8080;
,)0&00/00+0" 00<0/
(00+0?/00) 0* ? 0&)8
0&08+0+8+0? 8+0(;
)+0) 0)0/++=0?,0+00(@+
5(00&>0 0/))=0 00&)
? 8(0/(=0/0(0000)
4,-+0 )+0 00(0 0&,/,)0?);
)0%?0(/0+-0+8+0+
.++0?)00/>00+/8(04-0
+40)))0&)+0?04=0/0C+=00?;
)00(D08+0. ? 08)00?(0;
=0?00 0/
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-0=0/)0/040) 00&>0;
00/,-0(+00/,-00/0+/)
)0(+)
08(0 )(0/)0/,0',0C/0+;
00/+D00(+,0*?00/+0 0;
0&)8
=5470)00+/',-+0;
()+03(0?/),00+?,-0C,-0@8D00;
?,-0C,-0/8D
7+?,-0 (0 ) 0 , ,0 ? 8=
80C+8D00+>80C?; 8D0(
? )0 (0 ?)0 ?0 ?8(0 0 ?;
,-()0 0 ) 0 5(=0 0 =0 /))=
/+00 -008>0EP0+05(0800/
=0+0+),0',=00??000/),)0;
?80 =0 80 8=0 /0 >80 0 48
'60 0?)
5*T65"3
KL
2 )0 (0 &?)0 ?0 =0 0 /0 &;
>(0?+0C&8 00/+00&0B0+D=0+0,0;
',=0 0)0+0) 00??00(0/);
,)080;40'0?; 80 ;
(0)0?0?8(000
0 0 0 +?,-(0 (0 ) 0 -0 ?,)
+?=04000/)04?0/0)0+;
(0 0 /+0 ?0 @0 (0 ?,0 /0 T0 +(
&8(00+?,-+0()+0) 08)),0++80+;
=0)8080) 00? 80 0;
'800@/+0C4?;?,0?,=0 ,0;
?,=0/'+D
0))0+?,-(0(0) ;
0?)00?=00+00?,)0T0/ 0
/))04?0&,/)04/+00 ?A0 ;
,)048000808=0+ 804?8=
)),)0800&=0 ,)0+/&80';
08/)0T04-0/0 ?0?,0';
0+ 80 )=0(/800/'8+00;
+?0)),)0+/&808/)00)?00;
+0 ?+)+0 @/+)=0 + ,)0 ?0 I+4)JA
8>)004=0&,0+ 804?8=0 ?,0;
0 ?+)0 (0 0 48(0 8(0 =0 )))
&/
>0+?,-(0(0) 0)),)0/& ;
8+0 0/40 00 (0?0 ? ;
0+0?0+?800?+000&,>
=00&,>=000'/80(0 ?0+
/8000/)
. ? 0 +?,-(0(0) 00/ 0
/))04?004-00+?00)?00(0;
0++00400/4/0&40;
0) 0C&0:0+00?0++D0+;
0/ 0? 0+08)0? 08>,-
?,0+0/4)0 @000 0+ =0 0?8
0+,0',0@(0+
" 0+?,-(0(0) 00T0/;
00+/8(04-0/+0/0040) ;
=0 0 + +0 /0 0 0 +?0 &(/+0 ;
@+)
T 8)0 ?+40 '/0 0 +?0 0 /80
0'=0&80/4800 004?0(/)0/0;
&,/+0;
!:L=41
0<0/&+80<0?,
?0000CD00"/05(0?000<
/& )=00?08/'8(00);
/00/+00@8=0 0/00),00;
0?'0?0848(0 (0'0 @/;
+05(0&8 008>0EP0+00/+=040;
0=00??0+0/ 0=04,0
5(0 ?0 0 0 0 0 "/=0 0 =0 &>)
KF
5*T65"3
)0*?0K;084+000) 0H0/0;
),0FP<LPQM0HH0 /0<0:P<KPQ=0HHH /0<0 EP<:PQ=0Hv0;
/ <0<LQ0+)00>0(0+0+&;
0 )=0@0?00+,0/'00?++0;
,0*@+0, +00&+00) 0)))0?&
8(0/(/0000/040? 0/,08;
),04-=0+,-(080 0 ?)0 0 ) =0;
80/480(/)0/0&,/+00C+8004
E0?00F0+D000&(/+0&/)00'08+
+0/4/)00) 0)))0+08);
000 0/& 8(0(0@0
/0 55= = 410 -0 ,)0 ?;
8 +80C/+/808D0<0/& 80(=0);
-0?0? 8(00?+0C4=040=0=0;
0=0=0?&D=0?, 8(00?&?,0+=008;
8(0 0 0 0 5(0 &8 0 /))=
0 +/=0 &>(0 ?+0 0 /0 5&4)=0
=00+/8(04-00/>00/00?)
0))0&80?++0(
N0 (/0 0 40 (=0 4/,-)0 +++
040*0 +0/0/+/8080;
,)0&00/00+0" 00<0/
(00+0?/00) 0* ? 0&)8
0&08+0+8+0? 8+0(;
)+0) 0)0/++=0?,0+00(@+
5(00&>0 0/))=0 00&)
? 8(0/(=0/0(0000)
4,-+0 )+0 00(0 0&,/,)0?);
)0%?0(/0+-0+8+0+
.++0?)00/>00+/8(04-0
+40)))0&)+0?04=0/0C+=00?;
)00(D08+0. ? 08)00?(0;
=0?00 0/
T0&8(0+/0?00&>0(=00,;
-0=0/)0/040) 00&>0;
00/,-0(+00/,-00/0+/)
)0(+)
08(0 )(0/)0/,0',0C/0+;
00/+D00(+,0*?00/+0 0;
0&)8
=5470)00+/',-+0;
()+03(0?/),00+?,-0C,-0@8D00;
?,-0C,-0/8D
7+?,-0 (0 ) 0 , ,0 ? 8=
80C+8D00+>80C?; 8D0(
? )0 (0 ?)0 ?0 ?8(0 0 ?;
,-()0 0 ) 0 5(=0 0 =0 /))=
/+00 -008>0EP0+05(0800/
=0+0+),0',=00??000/),)0;
?80 =0 80 8=0 /0 >80 0 48
'60 0?)
5*T65"3
KL
2 )0 (0 &?)0 ?0 =0 0 /0 &;
>(0?+0C&8 00/+00&0B0+D=0+0,0;
',=0 0)0+0) 00??00(0/);
,)080;40'0?; 80 ;
(0)0?0?8(000
0 0 0 +?,-(0 (0 ) 0 -0 ?,)
+?=04000/)04?0/0)0+;
(0 0 /+0 ?0 @0 (0 ?,0 /0 T0 +(
&8(00+?,-+0()+0) 08)),0++80+;
=0)8080) 00? 80 0;
'800@/+0C4?;?,0?,=0 ,0;
?,=0/'+D
0))0+?,-(0(0) ;
0?)00?=00+00?,)0T0/ 0
/))04?0&,/)04/+00 ?A0 ;
,)048000808=0+ 804?8=
)),)0800&=0 ,)0+/&80';
08/)0T04-0/0 ?0?,0';
0+ 80 )=0(/800/'8+00;
+?0)),)0+/&808/)00)?00;
+0 ?+)+0 @/+)=0 + ,)0 ?0 I+4)JA
8>)004=0&,0+ 804?8=0 ?,0;
0 ?+)0 (0 0 48(0 8(0 =0 )))
&/
>0+?,-(0(0) 0)),)0/& ;
8+0 0/40 00 (0?0 ? ;
0+0?0+?800?+000&,>
=00&,>=000'/80(0 ?0+
/8000/)
. ? 0 +?,-(0(0) 00/ 0
/))04?004-00+?00)?00(0;
0++00400/4/0&40;
0) 0C&0:0+00?0++D0+;
0/ 0? 0+08)0? 08>,-
?,0+0/4)0 @000 0+ =0 0?8
0+,0',0@(0+
" 0+?,-(0(0) 00T0/;
00+/8(04-0/+0/0040) ;
=0 0 + +0 /0 0 0 +?0 &(/+0 ;
@+)
T 8)0 ?+40 '/0 0 +?0 0 /80
0'=0&80/4800 004?0(/)0/0;
&,/+0;
!:L=41
0<0/&+80<0?,
?0000CD00"/05(0?000<
/& )=00?08/'8(00);
/00/+00@8=0 0/00),00;
0?'0?0848(0 (0'0 @/;
+05(0&8 008>0EP0+00/+=040;
0=00??0+0/ 0=04,0
5(0 ?0 0 0 0 0 "/=0 0 =0 &>)
KB
5*T65"3
C &0K<F0+00/+D=0+)0'=00+08=0
??0+0?80 0( 80) 0 5(0 +4
&80 ? 0 0 /& 0 5(0 ?0 0 "/
)0 /0 ?)00&00) 00/0;
=00+,-08=0400??0?0/++0
&0EP0+00&>0 0/& )
/&+80&,/,)0 -00+/8(04-0 ;
) 0 0 &0 &,0 (0
/8=0 /0 )+0 8(0 >,)=0 0 ?+0 -,)
+'=0 )0=00&08
80 C0 0 0 +4+0 0 0 '=0 -=0 )(D=
&0=0048(04-0 0&,/)0&800;
=08+0+++0&?004-0/0?0);
))0+)=0?+00+)
*/&)0++0?000/&+0C;
+D0<0(0) 0?0@ 0080/ =0?;
,-00/+0?=0/0/0 0/0
?)000+?
. ? 0 ?,-0 (0 /4/0 ?
/=08)),-0 0) =00408>80;
00000EL;/00+
" 0?,-(0(0) 0A0/;
040) 00C0?0>0KP0D0/0+
00/0*0'0++80?'0 ?,=004;
-0/0?0)0+80'0
=/3
&080))00) 0004;
0M0)0=0@/+/)00) 0C+0)
$D=0 +480 )80 80 ) =0 0 ;
?80) =00<00) =00 0 ;
)0 0 +0 + 0 &80 0 4/)0 ++
(/0+0<0&0&?)
.440) 0+)00?0)0;
)04/00>+0M0 -0&,/)00;
/00?)000+/8(04-0*/)0&0;
0/+0&?=0/+00/08>0B0 +
*0+0 )080=08,-0,,0(0
=0,)0&>0)808=0880;
?8+0+=0&/,0+0+0,
7)8080/++0/0:<F0+0 0 00;
)),)0 *0 +;8(0 (0 ?+480 @)
&80,0>)0+0'A0' 0+ ;
80 )004-0/0?004/+
0?00/ 00/))04?0*0/+0;
)0 80 B0 +0 0 &0 +40 ?0 0 40 8=
4/,-)0>+0&-)00?+00) =
0CD0?80800@(0 )(0?)00040
. ? 0)080) 0,00;
0 (0)=0/8(0 00?;
0/0*0 +0/0C-;&,>;
+=0)+> ;&,> +D0/00&00+
5325
KO
)0 (/0 &?0 @ 0 '
/0(,=00&>0 0/4=0+&?;
0 0 ?0 ++0 ))0 0 /)
&0/+00&?00+0+00//;
8+0/4+8+
800)8+0+0/++0/0B0+0/40/;
+ +0 &,/,0 0 8+0 ?8+0 /+
0=00 0E=K<0+0(/0&0?08
.)0 0 )0 +),0 @;80 80 C/=
=0&00/D00K;00K;0/0+0'0 ;
0<0'0*0/+0)080B0+00&0;
?08-0800>0000?')0)
0'0?/)00+0 000+)00*0;
04080) =0?80) 00+>;
0-))00@+0)/=00 0>)0&;
-)00) 00/),
75
0&?)00+0>040;
=00'000?0>)0&-)0)
+ )0 4/0 .+0 80 &8 0 0 8>0 F<B0 +
040=00=00&++00/)0&;
+0?,00 0<0+05 4 ) + 0)),)0;
040800?80800?0?))000=
4/,-)00040*0 +0/;
0/))0(/0&?00&0)
80 0 &++8+0 &>+0 +0 40 0 C/;
++0/0F<B0+D0&,/,)0+00 0<0+0*0(
&>0?+=00400?80800004
/)00 08-0800>00;
=0 ?',0 ) 0 0 /(0 ?/8(0 0 8),0 40
+)000 0 (0?+0) 00;
04080?/))0+)00/0)
"
$
CA0 ?D0 <0 ')0 &?=0 (;
?,-))0))+0'=04+0(00,0
?)4+0 ,00&)+
?&/0?0)00(+/)+050 00?
+008>,0
3 +0?&/)0'0)),)0'80&>0@;
/+ 0 ? 0 +,0 /+>0 0 +80 '8=0 &=
/0 /,-0 '8=0 0 8(0 ?0 &8 0 0 &;
++05/00(/>0/4)0/+>(0'=0/;
0+00(0+0)))0?0?&)0*'80?8;
,)00+=0+/48=00(0&,/,)0=08/)0;
?0?00?0/)0B<O0/00? )0&,0'8
5800/ 0?&/)0<0?/>;800?/>;
;80N0?4)00/8(08=0?)?0;
)+000?,0&8(0'0,00+0&0;
'&=0(00+88(0'=0/'80+8(0'
)003&'80/0/4;
)00/(0K<P=0 -0B<E0/0T0 0&8(0 0+ ,)
/+=0>=0 &00 (05&8 0?&0?)
KB
5*T65"3
C &0K<F0+00/+D=0+)0'=00+08=0
??0+0?80 0( 80) 0 5(0 +4
&80 ? 0 0 /& 0 5(0 ?0 0 "/
)0 /0 ?)00&00) 00/0;
=00+,-08=0400??0?0/++0
&0EP0+00&>0 0/& )
/&+80&,/,)0 -00+/8(04-0 ;
) 0 0 &0 &,0 (0
/8=0 /0 )+0 8(0 >,)=0 0 ?+0 -,)
+'=0 )0=00&08
80 C0 0 0 +4+0 0 0 '=0 -=0 )(D=
&0=0048(04-0 0&,/)0&800;
=08+0+++0&?004-0/0?0);
))0+)=0?+00+)
*/&)0++0?000/&+0C;
+D0<0(0) 0?0@ 0080/ =0?;
,-00/+0?=0/0/0 0/0
?)000+?
. ? 0 ?,-0 (0 /4/0 ?
/=08)),-0 0) =00408>80;
00000EL;/00+
" 0?,-(0(0) 0A0/;
040) 00C0?0>0KP0D0/0+
00/0*0'0++80?'0 ?,=004;
-0/0?0)0+80'0
=/3
&080))00) 0004;
0M0)0=0@/+/)00) 0C+0)
$D=0 +480 )80 80 ) =0 0 ;
?80) =00<00) =00 0 ;
)0 0 +0 + 0 &80 0 4/)0 ++
(/0+0<0&0&?)
.440) 0+)00?0)0;
)04/00>+0M0 -0&,/)00;
/00?)000+/8(04-0*/)0&0;
0/+0&?=0/+00/08>0B0 +
*0+0 )080=08,-0,,0(0
=0,)0&>0)808=0880;
?8+0+=0&/,0+0+0,
7)8080/++0/0:<F0+0 0 00;
)),)0 *0 +;8(0 (0 ?+480 @)
&80,0>)0+0'A0' 0+ ;
80 )004-0/0?004/+
0?00/ 00/))04?0*0/+0;
)0 80 B0 +0 0 &0 +40 ?0 0 40 8=
4/,-)0>+0&-)00?+00) =
0CD0?80800@(0 )(0?)00040
. ? 0)080) 0,00;
0 (0)=0/8(0 00?;
0/0*0 +0/0C-;&,>;
+=0)+> ;&,> +D0/00&00+
5325
KO
)0 (/0 &?0 @ 0 '
/0(,=00&>0 0/4=0+&?;
0 0 ?0 ++0 ))0 0 /)
&0/+00&?00+0+00//;
8+0/4+8+
800)8+0+0/++0/0B0+0/40/;
+ +0 &,/,0 0 8+0 ?8+0 /+
0=00 0E=K<0+0(/0&0?08
.)0 0 )0 +),0 @;80 80 C/=
=0&00/D00K;00K;0/0+0'0 ;
0<0'0*0/+0)080B0+00&0;
?08-0800>0000?')0)
0'0?/)00+0 000+)00*0;
04080) =0?80) 00+>;
0-))00@+0)/=00 0>)0&;
-)00) 00/),
75
0&?)00+0>040;
=00'000?0>)0&-)0)
+ )0 4/0 .+0 80 &8 0 0 8>0 F<B0 +
040=00=00&++00/)0&;
+0?,00 0<0+05 4 ) + 0)),)0;
040800?80800?0?))000=
4/,-)00040*0 +0/;
0/))0(/0&?00&0)
80 0 &++8+0 &>+0 +0 40 0 C/;
++0/0F<B0+D0&,/,)0+00 0<0+0*0(
&>0?+=00400?80800004
/)00 08-0800>00;
=0 ?',0 ) 0 0 /(0 ?/8(0 0 8),0 40
+)000 0 (0?+0) 00;
04080?/))0+)00/0)
"
$
CA0 ?D0 <0 ')0 &?=0 (;
?,-))0))+0'=04+0(00,0
?)4+0 ,00&)+
?&/0?0)00(+/)+050 00?
+008>,0
3 +0?&/)0'0)),)0'80&>0@;
/+ 0 ? 0 +,0 /+>0 0 +80 '8=0 &=
/0 /,-0 '8=0 0 8(0 ?0 &8 0 0 &;
++05/00(/>0/4)0/+>(0'=0/;
0+00(0+0)))0?0?&)0*'80?8;
,)00+=0+/48=00(0&,/,)0=08/)0;
?0?00?0/)0B<O0/00? )0&,0'8
5800/ 0?&/)0<0?/>;800?/>;
;80N0?4)00/8(08=0?)?0;
)+000?,0&8(0'0,00+0&0;
'&=0(00+88(0'=0/'80+8(0'
)003&'80/0/4;
)00/(0K<P=0 -0B<E0/0T0 0&8(0 0+ ,)
/+=0>=0 &00 (05&8 0?&0?)
K:P
5632
00?&=08>)0+80M0+ ,)0)0&=
&00+8>'(=0(=0)'=00=0?)0&=0&'=
(0>=0+)0'00?=0000U,
?+480(=0>00=00)0(8+=0&8+=
?0 0)00/=0/0?0/0*0&
0 + 0 +0 &?0 >0 0 (=0 0 /;
>+00+=0/0)00:<K;0/0&?0));
,)0 ?80 ?0 +=0 /8>=0 /0 '?0 ?+;
4003/0&?0+0( 0 00'/+
.? 8)0 0 /8(0 @/+ 0 +?
C0 0 '+D=0 0 =0 ?(0 ;
(00&8(0/000+ ,)0)=0?;
0 05
' +0+/+0/0)))0 )0;
4)0&00?8+0+=0,0/)00E<K;0/)
&?0 3?0 (0 '0 +),0 ',0 )?8)
++=0040)+,0',0++,''
" /)00'0*+),0&0;
'0)/00+'=0800;
0/
*? 0 +0 +0 0 &8 0 &;
)80T0 0&8(0/0C0 0(0D0+ ,;
) )=0 )-0 80 '80 0 /8(8(0 )(
(
* 0 0 /0 ;8(
+/;8(0 +)0 *80 , ,0 ;;
80 /?0 0 '/ (0 (?)(=0 ?(=0 0 '+;
&(M0 0 8)0 ?0 0 /+>(0 0 +8(0 '=
/0 =0 -0 0 ?, 0 /?'
,00?0(?)=0& 8(00?=0 >0 '
>+0 /0 ),)0 0 + 0 &&0 +8>;
8+0&+0$'040/,)0+ 0&&0*(
004,05&&0'80 &(/+0?/00;
(00?-8(0 (=00@+0/00&,/00
80C+800/0/=00&8D
0 @/+ +0 0 /)0 -,0 0 ?, ,0 /?;
',00'+=0>+00&8+0'+=0;
,0+/'0&,/00 00/004/0++=
)0 ,0/ ,0&00',0)?8)0+;
+00?8+0+0 ',00'=0;
>00 &8+0'+=0 /480+0&0';
0 )/0 0 0 <0 /0 *&>0 (/))0 0 /;
+0&,/00+0E0/00+,)00 00
'/0&?
0
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=0=0 &?02&?80(0?)0&8
0?0)00'00/00) ;
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