Бородулин В.И., Ланцман М.Н. Справочник: Болезни. Синдромы. Симптомы
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+0 0 ,0 ?,=0 +,=0 @ ;
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00 0EP<EK0+=0?+00040/?04/80F0 =00';
00P0+000+008+0+00KP0+0EPQ0
00 0E<0 =0?+004/80F0 00)4
:<:B0 D0.0+0 )0 ?0EP<P0+00/4;
)0:<F0 0/0 )0&U+0',-00?+48
:F
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0 &0 0 +40 )0 0 0
+?=0 0&0&8000+?000+;
800'04=00 /0+/=00 @
())0&0/M
D 80 /0 <0 +/0 C?D0 0 P<:P0 +0 ;
00+8> 00?00/M0?+40+00+&;
'00+ +0/+M
D /80 ?80 8+0 &?+0 0 ()(0 +?=
0+@800 )(0 ;+?0+8=005&8 ;
0 ? ,0 /+?0 0 /?0 B<E0 +0 =0 ?+0 0 :0 +
00+8> 0<:0?00/0.0)))
+0 ?0E<:0 05/+0/)0?-80?0&
4/0/0?0'/80/00&80
;;
'0C/DM
:D 0 (0 ')(0 0 ?0 )0 0 )(0 /;
)0 0 0 &,0 0 3"0 0 4+0 );
'= +,0 &&=0 '0 4/ 0 ?&0 +/
/0+)0N.=080?)0&0@
0&8(00)40 ;+?0+00+0
(14 14 540C/(0+?;
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80/0C80'8=0@8008=
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+=0+/=0?8D=0&+=0?=0;
+?00+?0=0040+0/00/05;
)04&0<0)0&=0)0+40&80/?=0;
,-00&00C&8 0&D00;
)00(=0>=0 (0/0+ ,)0/00@?/8
(/)-0?+)0?)=0&8 00?+0?808));
)0 0/4)0/00&(0?8(0)&040/;
0/'0/)-0=0&4,)0?80/0?;
8(000?0/)0?8(00?+40;
&+)0)0?)0
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?0 0 50 , 0 40 +80 =0 +0 /&
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)0/)0+/?0CKPP<EPPP0+0000PP0+
? 0 0 (/0 )D0 0 ),0 &0 0 ;
+0/)0+)00&0+0+>0C/;
+0?0D
+#
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#0<08>0+80
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;/0+800&+0-0? 0084;
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(/=0>+0+0/'=0+8> 0/,=0;
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0 4/+0 0 + 0 /+0 &(/+0 8)
80 8>)0 +80 /)0 =0 &80 ? 0 /
05+0044,-000/0)),)A0+;
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+ (0/
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+ 0/+00& 80'D=0,0? ,00EP<
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4?D=0:Q00+/0CP=E0+00E00+8D05/+
+000+/00 0/04;
4,-0@0*0 ?&4/0+8> 0/)0 =KQ0
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C P=E0+00/04?D=080?8,0,-0@
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/0 0 &(/+0 +40 +)0 ? 0 +/80 (4/;
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/ =0 0&0-0&>08>0+8
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=0 &8=0 ,/80 3?,0 0 ? ;
0+/80(4/)
+0
$
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80/+0 04=00,-000?
0? ,04/,0C&-,00 ,D00&;
,0 +80 (?0 4/)0 +0 &-0 (?=0
0)0(04080/8+08+0+=0<
0 /)0 +)=0 ,-)0 /0 /0 0 ?)
:F
3*2%3N3X03.5%
0/ 0/ 000(=000+)'0/;
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0 &0 0 +40 )0 0 0
+?=0 0&0&8000+?000+;
800'04=00 /0+/=00 @
())0&0/M
D 80 /0 <0 +/0 C?D0 0 P<:P0 +0 ;
00+8> 00?00/M0?+40+00+&;
'00+ +0/+M
D /80 ?80 8+0 &?+0 0 ()(0 +?=
0+@800 )(0 ;+?0+8=005&8 ;
0 ? ,0 /+?0 0 /?0 B<E0 +0 =0 ?+0 0 :0 +
00+8> 0<:0?00/0.0)))
+0 ?0E<:0 05/+0/)0?-80?0&
4/0/0?0'/80/00&80
;;
'0C/DM
:D 0 (0 ')(0 0 ?0 )0 0 )(0 /;
)0 0 0 &,0 0 3"0 0 4+0 );
'= +,0 &&=0 '0 4/ 0 ?&0 +/
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0&8(00)40 ;+?0+00+0
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/0 0?&)0*',-+0+0+0&8040;
80/0C80'8=0@8008=
=0'8=0/)0=08=0+'=
+=0+/=0?8D=0&+=0?=0;
+?00+?0=0040+0/00/05;
)04&0<0)0&=0)0+40&80/?=0;
,-00&00C&8 0&D00;
)00(=0>=0 (0/0+ ,)0/00@?/8
(/)-0?+)0?)=0&8 00?+0?808));
)0 0/4)0/00&(0?8(0)&040/;
0/'0/)-0=0&4,)0?80/0?;
8(000?0/)0?8(00?+40;
&+)0)0?)0
5)0'0 0<0//0&+04/
?0 0 50 , 0 40 +80 =0 +0 /&
0/(0/=080,+&80'03/0&;
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)0000)0?)0*0&8+040?;
)0/)0+/?0CKPP<EPPP0+0000PP0+
? 0 0 (/0 )D0 0 ),0 &0 0 ;
+0/)0+)00&0+0+>0C/;
+0?0D
+#
G,"(
#0<08>0+80
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;/0+800&+0-0? 0084;
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8(0/0+0&,/)0&80/0&08+
+0)))0? )0+)=0)0+40
0 +0 (/0 )0 +)0 )0 /=
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)0&88+08>+0+80/0 : R008>=0,-0;
(/=0>+0+0/'=0+8> 0/,=0;
0?=0+&=0
0 4/+0 0 + 0 /+0 &(/+0 8)
80 8>)0 +80 /)0 =0 &80 ? 0 /
05+0044,-000/0)),)A0+;
008>0B=K R=0&80/00+?=04
!=0?0/00+=00+0/0/4800?,0;
+ (0/
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+ 0/+00& 80'D=0,0? ,00EP<
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4?D=0:Q00+/0CP=E0+00E00+8D05/+
+000+/00 0/04;
4,-0@0*0 ?&4/0+8> 0/)0 =KQ0
+?0 0 =K0 Q0 +0 0 0 EQ0 +0 /+/
C P=E0+00/04?D=080?8,0,-0@
*0/044,-00&0/00/=
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,0?+020 ?0E0 00+044,-(
/0 0 &(/+0 +40 +)0 ? 0 +/80 (4/;
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0+0?)0?0(/,0/00/=000&8
40+800+408?0?+0/0 +>0;
/ =0 0&0-0&>08>0+8
*0 ? 0 +0 &(/+0 -0 ?
'0*/)0)',0 8+0/+=0/)0/;
&0)=0=0+/=0+808=0;
=0 &8=0 ,/80 3?,0 0 ? ;
0+/80(4/)
+0
$
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0? ,04/,0C&-,00 ,D00&;
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0)0(04080/8+08+0+=0<
0 /)0 +)=0 ,-)0 /0 /0 0 ?)
:B
3*2573$
*04/0 0+0(?00/(0 )(0?;
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+0+04=0&8 00&0'0C0?8;
+80 0D0*&)0+0(?0+40?
0+(0/0?/4)040 C0+?=080;
)?D=00&8(0&?+=0++03/00/>00;
&+0 /0 0 0 4-0 0 + +0 /0 )
80000'=0/0(0&00?0&;
0+80(?0,00,0?+)0@/
+8
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0 0 +0 /0 ?+40 0 +>
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0 00(/00?00?)=0;
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0 & )0 )0 ?)0 /0 ?/+0 ';
8(0?=08?8(0+;&0))+0/)0+0/;
)00C=0D=0+=0)0+8>'80/'
0 8>0 .=0 0 (0 0 /'=0 )0
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0/000C+=0 D00/0/;
00/ 00'
+"
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)0))=0+)+80+)+=0,-+0/00&?0 ;
)05/0/80&)=0/4,-)0/)+=0+)'+=
0/0?80?+A00/+000
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8= 40<0 /D0(/>)0 ))=04/,-)0 848+
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?+08(0+8(0>
3*253N3X03
:O
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8>0&-0 0)0?0 0 )0;
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0)0/)0<0+800 8=000D0*8>;
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0&0 -00+0&4)0+?0;
4=0)0)=0--=0 0I080+J04
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0/0C?+0/0 =0 0/0?8(0D0;
00?)0+40&80? A000+8(00;
8(0/4-()0 0/0?+0/0+00?)
0 8+04&+0&8(00+)0 0?0);
)0)80--)00&0/'A0&=0/'&=0&=
/8>00+0&80,-+=0,-+0C00/D=0
/0 +,0 (0 8(0 8(0 4+,-(0 ?/;
8( &=0/,-(00,0=0=0+>,-()00;
+0'=00 /,0 0?00
040 ,)04&800&00 40 CI&,>)0 4&JD
++0+4,-)0(+800))0/8(0>;
00/(0(
5 & / 0& 0?)08)0)/0(;
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0/)0 '00 00+808
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0'=0>=0/0)),)080)M0?,0?&=0+8> ;
)0 /4=0 +0 8>)0 /0 &&8(0 '0 0 /(
)(=0&=0 /0 ?000+8A0 )=
>=0 0 %0 &,/)0 +8> 80 /)
/40 @+80 /=0 +4/0 +0 8(0 &
(/)00+?+0)00 =0/))0;
&008/0&0 0C0&0(0 )(0-;
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?D008(008(0 )(0)00(/)-(0 ;
8(0>)(00!
5&)?8+0 )+0 +/+ (0 >0 0 ?
)))008>0.00+00/ ;/
:B
3*2573$
*04/0 0+0(?00/(0 )(0?;
&8 8000&,/)00+040 /0
?8+8(08(0+8(0/+8(0 )=0 0/(0<00 ;
+0+04=0&8 00&0'0C0?8;
+80 0D0*&)0+0(?0+40?
0+(0/0?/4)040 C0+?=080;
)?D=00&8(0&?+=0++03/00/>00;
&+0 /0 0 0 4-0 0 + +0 /0 )
80000'=0/0(0&00?0&;
0+80(?0,00,0?+)0@/
+8
4/)0 &-)0 +0 (?0 , 0 0 /4M
0 0 +0 /0 ?+40 0 +>
*0 (?=0 &+0 @/8+0 >)+=0 ;
/) 00?&)0 0 &>0 0(?
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0 +-,0 /+)'0 + (0 ')(0 +),
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+.
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0 00(/00?00?)=0;
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03)0)0 0?)0/0
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)D0 *++0 0 0 )))0 +-0 ?
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0 & )0 )0 ?)0 /0 ?/+0 ';
8(0?=08?8(0+;&0))+0/)0+0/;
)00C=0D=0+=0)0+8>'80/'
0 8>0 .=0 0 (0 0 /'=0 )0
-/08>0+00&'04)00/0?/,0&;
00)))0)=00?+)=0)0<
0/000C+=0 D00/0/;
00/ 00'
+"
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+"
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++=0-(0
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(0 /(0 ?&=0 (80 / 0 &)=0 (/>;
)0))=0+)+80+)+=0,-+0/00&?0 ;
)05/0/80&)=0/4,-)0/)+=0+)'+=
0/0?80?+A00/+000
&8=0 /0 ?0 ?,-)=0 +80 C+8=0 ;
8= 40<0 /D0(/>)0 ))=04/,-)0 848+
/U++0.=0)40&U0++00&U8+0;
?+08(0+8(0>
3*253N3X03
:O
*/U+0.0+40&80&0/+)0+(?++A0ED0/80<
8>0&-0 0)0?0 0 )0;
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00 0 0?008008,
++8=0)?800?+08>+0.0C404/00&8;
0)0/)0<0+800 8=000D0*8>;
)=00=00 00/ 0/=000?
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*0 (0 ?(0 ?0 )0 0 )))0 ;
)0 &0 50 +40 &80 &?0 0 )=0
,-=0+40?)00&0?8=0+00&
0&0 -00+0&4)0+?0;
4=0)0)=0--=0 0I080+J04
)),)0 8+04&+0&8(00 +)0?0 /0)
&0040 ,)00>++00>(00+?8+0+;
++0?0))0>000 0(000&,0
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0/)00?00+?0T(/>0?)0;
/04/0?0?00)))0/+0?+0?;
0/0C?+0/0 =0 0/0?8(0D0;
00?)0+40&80? A000+8(00;
8(0/4-()0 0/0?+0/0+00?)
0 8+04&+0&8(00+)0 0?0);
)0)80--)00&0/'A0&=0/'&=0&=
/8>00+0&80,-+=0,-+0C00/D=0
/0 +,0 (0 8(0 8(0 4+,-(0 ?/;
8( &=0/,-(00,0=0=0+>,-()00;
+0'=00 /,0 0?00
040 ,)04&800&00 40 CI&,>)0 4&JD
++0+4,-)0(+800))0/8(0>;
00/(0(
5 & / 0& 0?)08)0)/0(;
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0/)0 '00 00+808
?&4/8=0?/48=0404)=0+)0/
0'=0>=0/0)),)080)M0?,0?&=0+8> ;
)0 /4=0 +0 8>)0 /0 &&8(0 '0 0 /(
)(=0&=0 /0 ?000+8A0 )=
>=0 0 %0 &,/)0 +8> 80 /)
/40 @+80 /=0 +4/0 +0 8(0 &
(/)00+?+0)00 =0/))0;
&008/0&0 0C0&0(0 )(0-;
-0?) +>=0800(00(0<00?8+8
?D008(008(0 )(0)00(/)-(0 ;
8(0>)(00!
5&)?8+0 )+0 +/+ (0 >0 0 ?
)))008>0.00+00/ ;/
KP
3*253N3X03
0+&?0*0/0=0/0--0/;
'&)0 +40 0 0 4/)0 (/0 3/0 &,/)
&//)03?0 >0+0 -0/(0 )0@;
)0*80'8000/'=00=
>80 0 ?;?0 0 0 4/ =0 &,/,-)
0/00?0*0'0+ )
?0'=0/0-0HH00/000 ;
0?0?00&00848+0 +0?+)+
/'=0/0+408)0?00/ 0/ ;
A00)0 8+=0080/'0(+=004(0/(
(0 ,08>)0 ?0?80(80 <0?;
)00/ 0+8=00)48(0 )(00(0C -0?;
0+04/ )0/ D0000+)0;
0 ?0 +0 &,/)0 ?0 0 ?
04/ 00/0/0+0,-00-)0?&'01
5+ 80?&?80++80 0 ,)=0&)
?0(8(0+++=0 0?)0?
/0/0?
5 /0 C D0 &,/,)0 +-;
00(0/)(00?=0?,)0=
4/,)0 ?&4/+0 &8(=0 &+0 I8(0 ?J
C+8> )0/4=00/=080)004=0/;
'&=00'0?0)=0/0&804/0D00;
,0 +0 C0 &0 <:0 D0 .)0 @(0 ?0 (
+-08>0 0 .=0 0
/)=0 -00?+00/00&/;
000/=08=00?=0&/0&,0;
8>0&+0-=08?80+,=0(/,=00;
0/)
5 /0 C +D=0?,-+=00 =
?/(0 /)(0 ?&)0 0 0 80 (/0 )0 .=
80+00 =0&00?=0;
0/0C0(0 0/0:<K0/D00)40 0
&808)/)0)8+=0?+48+0T0(0&0?08;
480 +?80 0 / 80 ++80 0 0 /
/00@(0 )(0 08=00&/0/U+0/;
0/)=0@+00/00+>)02;
(/0000840? 0.)0?00
(0 &/0 0 0 /=0 80 4/0
8>0 0/0000/;
0/
=0/?/0 (0?00/0/00?;
0 +0 A0 /0 ?0 0 0 +0 ?+=
08(0(0/)00/=00/)0 0<0/)0
?+4800 4 )A 0 )0@')=0
0+?=0 (?,-)00 &,=0+8+0 ;
4+=0840>00=0/+=0,
?)=0 +M0 0 >0 +?0 &-)0 0 );
+0 8(0 (0M0@+)=0)0/;
40/+M0?0/ 0/ M0?0;
0/0&00+/M00?+808
3*253N3X03
KE
2+0&?+=0/ 0 0?08;
)00/,-(08(0)(A
ED 0?0 M
D //080/U+0.M
D &U8000&U80++80'&=
/000(
0 ?0 )0 0 ))+=0 /),-+0 ;
/,0?04?0&00&,-+0
7
* )0 '0 )0 <0 40 / 0 /)0/
EPP0++00*0&&?)0/ 00?(0>;
+00+?000 0?040.0/
0400)?00,0>0+?0&-;
)0*040/)0+00+0+40&80?+=0&;
0/40(/)00?+04
0)-0+)0+)0/ 80+0/0/)0&8;
4)0 .0 2,0 40 ?0 '&?0
+0 EP<P0 +0 /0 CD0 /0 )?80 0 &>
0 ?0 K<P0 +0 )0 ? 0 /0 .0 C0 P<
KQD00 >)0+ 0'0*00@0;
+0/0+400*/40/)0)
+0&?+00<0:<K0 0*0 +00?
? ,0 P<:P0 +0 0 /0 )?80 C0 /0 ?;
+4000+)0.00/ 0+00)(
'?0 /)D0 3?0 ,-(0 '/0 +),
00?8=00)'000+=0(/0000;
8(08(0&)(=0) 04808
*0/00?00?00
0 ?0 @'=0 @+=0 / 0 /;
0&00+/=00,-0?+08=
040 @0+0/0/0)?80*0;
)00 (0?00(040?&?=
+),040? 80++ 0/
*0 84+0 ?&4/0 &8(0 ?80 8=0 &;
/,-0,-+008+0/+A0//0C0+0P=KQ
00 D=0/0CEP0+0<0 +0 +8>
0D0/0&0?0040;
0?0?+0/40/+
*0840 0++0'&?0+;
0/&?0CK<EP0+0P=KQ0D000+)0*/
&/0/>),-+=0/8+=0/48+0/;
+=0+>00+?0*0&)0&880
@=00/)00+/0 C48+0 &8+0 ;
&04=000?+480>)0/8()D00/?0EP<EK +
KQ00+8> 0/04000?;?0;
?0@=0000)?008+0+0?)0&'
0CEP0+0=:Q00000D04
?0040?0'&8+0+0*
40.00+0!=0?80+0/ 0/;
0 *48+0 '+0 /)0 0 4,0 /0 ?+4
)0 80/ 8(0-00?)0+