Бородулин В.И., Ланцман М.Н. Справочник: Болезни. Синдромы. Симптомы
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'?+=0 0 0@'0040 0+;
&'=0 ? 0 0 5=0 0 /4)0 ;
0?00+ 0? 08>)0 0&=0)),)
'/8=0=0)00+ 04
" /)00'08+0&(/+080;
0? ,0+ ;,0/0' (0+/0;
)00*0?0?)00 0/ 0? ;
,0/?=0+808=0&80?0*0;
?)+0/)0+/?=0+),0088,0&8(
?0'00 ?)08(0 (0)
*??8=00)0E<EPQ
*00&08?00/;
8(0 (=00, 00,/008?+00(04;
)+00?+40?)?)04)+08?0/0;
)00/80*0&(/+0?+-)0,/00+00;
/8(0 (0 8&,0 +=0 0 80 8?+=0 0 +
-,00&)=08=0=04
#
G (
$*0 <0 0 ?&=0 (;
?,-()0 8>0 ,=0 )0 ?0
&0&80'0+=00+0 00'
? ,0 /80 0 &80 + 0 /;
?80/80)),)00/0C+=0(D=0;
&80?,00,&+0?=0 -00)),)04;
+0/(0?&=0+0&?0 =0+80
>+0 &?)0 +&'0 *8>)0
+40 &,/)0 0 /?0 =0 )+8(0 ;
)0C00 /D=0+& (0=0'';
080CD
8/),0K00 A0++8=0)80C+;
')8D=0+>80C++800)80/+D=
800++?80*0+++0=080(;
0/)0+=0+ ,)0?))0080C+0"
$D=0 +80 ++80 ? 0 ?'=0 ')
0)800 0 )00 +;
&')(00+&')(0.)00(80+0?;
))0040C(00@(+?8D=08=0/80C+0"D
0+ 80 )=0?+480+)004/ 80 ;
)=0?))00-0+?0C+0:D0+>800;
0 )))0 &?+0 ++=0 (;)8+
88)+004=08+=0/8+00+ 8+0 );
+0&0 00&,/)00+&+ +0/+=
0400/?0)0*0+00;
0+ ,)0+0++ 0480+-;
004(0 )(0?))00/08000;
0 8)))0 0 + (0 (0 %+;
?800 00/00),-()0 0/
%53N3X0T"32
L
0040?'0&0/8+=040&8+
>)+0?)0+(0/
" 0 0 /8(0+ (0/?(0 /)
0 +-,0 /=0 ),-(0 /'0 /8(0 0 ;
8,-0+800*&80+ 0/?80
0 +0 0(0?)05&)?0+),008=0;
808?0 =0/)0/8
00 0/8(0+ (0/?0&;
>0? 0+0+/; 0=00&;
8( <0/4/0?&=0&,-(0(0?,=
'0?0/=04,-(0800
#
G,!&
0CA0&?09<(=
)?=0/)0D0<0+0+8(0;
00+-8+04+0+(0/04=0&,>
00
)00?0? 80/ 008(0 )(0?;
&,0/>,0&80C -08D00;
80'=0?80?=0/0'008=0;
+0 8(0 0 >0 ? 0 0 +(?+0 ?)
0/)0>)+0++0+8004+0
+-0+(0/0++8+0++00?;
+08>0'+0/
+ 00?)00,&+0?M0 -0&,
/00/08+=000+(0 )(0/8+0 ;
+0+++=0)),)088)0040C480/+D06;
80 +0 );80 0 ,>;&80 ?;+ ;
0 88)=0 ?,-)0 ++ 0 0 /0 (
=0(=0&/(=0)/'(=00 ? 0 40 0 40 ;
(0 00/ 00)48(0 )(088)0+,
0(00&?+0)?02 0?0+,;
-008(008(00C0/+D
T )/0&8(0)/0048+008+0+40&,/)0&/;
+80/+0/04)0/0&84=0>
0 /(0 0 &,>0 0 ?,0 &?80 &
4=0 /0 4/,-)0 +0 0 0 +,
=0/))0 0008(0+(00)/0 0;
+ )0 40 /0 =0 )),-)0 &8 0 +=
?+4040?0+0C 80/+D
2 0&?0 -0(?)0/+0&00+;
00+)0&)00/00040&00?0+)0+;
0&/0? 80/+80C48=0&/+800 ;
8D0* ? 00@(0 )(=00=0&)8=0?0;
, +0 /(0 0 ?)0 ( 0 +
?+4040=0/0+0 0&?=0/0;
+ )040+(0(000/8(0 )(0?;
+4080(/=0&00?))(00/
" 0/)00'0*04+004;+
/+(0? ,0+808=0&,0
0&>(0/?(=0/8080/0C/+;
'=0D=0,0=0=00,;
/80?80>00)48(0&/++00 +0/+(
F
%53N30.32V
.? ,0 0 0 /8(0 @/+ ;
0 +?0 C0 0 8?+=0 +')0 8?0 0 8
8D=0 0800&8(0/000+;
0 0 0 8)),0 ,=0 )0 +))0 8+
'?+=0 0 0@'0040 0+;
&'=0 ? 0 0 5=0 0 /4)0 ;
0?00+ 0? 08>)0 0&=0)),)
'/8=0=0)00+ 04
" /)00'08+0&(/+080;
0? ,0+ ;,0/0' (0+/0;
)00*0?0?)00 0/ 0? ;
,0/?=0+808=0&80?0*0;
?)+0/)0+/?=0+),0088,0&8(
?0'00 ?)08(0 (0)
*??8=00)0E<EPQ
*00&08?00/;
8(0 (=00, 00,/008?+00(04;
)+00?+40?)?)04)+08?0/0;
)00/80*0&(/+0?+-)0,/00+00;
/8(0 (0 8&,0 +=0 0 80 8?+=0 0 +
-,00&)=08=0=04
#
G (
$*0 <0 0 ?&=0 (;
?,-()0 8>0 ,=0 )0 ?0
&0&80'0+=00+0 00'
? ,0 /80 0 &80 + 0 /;
?80/80)),)00/0C+=0(D=0;
&80?,00,&+0?=0 -00)),)04;
+0/(0?&=0+0&?0 =0+80
>+0 &?)0 +&'0 *8>)0
+40 &,/)0 0 /?0 =0 )+8(0 ;
)0C00 /D=0+& (0=0'';
080CD
8/),0K00 A0++8=0)80C+;
')8D=0+>80C++800)80/+D=
800++?80*0+++0=080(;
0/)0+=0+ ,)0?))0080C+0"
$D=0 +80 ++80 ? 0 ?'=0 ')
0)800 0 )00 +;
&')(00+&')(0.)00(80+0?;
))0040C(00@(+?8D=08=0/80C+0"D
0+ 80 )=0?+480+)004/ 80 ;
)=0?))00-0+?0C+0:D0+>800;
0 )))0 &?+0 ++=0 (;)8+
88)+004=08+=0/8+00+ 8+0 );
+0&0 00&,/)00+&+ +0/+=
0400/?0)0*0+00;
0+ ,)0+0++ 0480+-;
004(0 )(0?))00/08000;
0 8)))0 0 + (0 (0 %+;
?800 00/00),-()0 0/
%53N3X0T"32
L
0040?'0&0/8+=040&8+
>)+0?)0+(0/
" 0 0 /8(0+ (0/?(0 /)
0 +-,0 /=0 ),-(0 /'0 /8(0 0 ;
8,-0+800*&80+ 0/?80
0 +0 0(0?)05&)?0+),008=0;
808?0 =0/)0/8
00 0/8(0+ (0/?0&;
>0? 0+0+/; 0=00&;
8( <0/4/0?&=0&,-(0(0?,=
'0?0/=04,-(0800
#
G,!&
0CA0&?09<(=
)?=0/)0D0<0+0+8(0;
00+-8+04+0+(0/04=0&,>
00
)00?0? 80/ 008(0 )(0?;
&,0/>,0&80C -08D00;
80'=0?80?=0/0'008=0;
+0 8(0 0 >0 ? 0 0 +(?+0 ?)
0/)0>)+0++0+8004+0
+-0+(0/0++8+0++00?;
+08>0'+0/
+ 00?)00,&+0?M0 -0&,
/00/08+=000+(0 )(0/8+0 ;
+0+++=0)),)088)0040C480/+D06;
80 +0 );80 0 ,>;&80 ?;+ ;
0 88)=0 ?,-)0 ++ 0 0 /0 (
=0(=0&/(=0)/'(=00 ? 0 40 0 40 ;
(0 00/ 00)48(0 )(088)0+,
0(00&?+0)?02 0?0+,;
-008(008(00C0/+D
T )/0&8(0)/0048+008+0+40&,/)0&/;
+80/+0/04)0/0&84=0>
0 /(0 0 &,>0 0 ?,0 &?80 &
4=0 /0 4/,-)0 +0 0 0 +,
=0/))0 0008(0+(00)/0 0;
+ )0 40 /0 =0 )),-)0 &8 0 +=
?+4040?0+0C 80/+D
2 0&?0 -0(?)0/+0&00+;
00+)0&)00/00040&00?0+)0+;
0&/0? 80/+80C48=0&/+800 ;
8D0* ? 00@(0 )(=00=0&)8=0?0;
, +0 /(0 0 ?)0 ( 0 +
?+4040=0/0+0 0&?=0/0;
+ )040+(0(000/8(0 )(0?;
+4080(/=0&00?))(00/
" 0/)00'0*04+004;+
/+(0? ,0+808=0&,0
0&>(0/?(=0/8080/0C/+;
'=0D=0,0=0=00,;
/80?80>00)48(0&/++00 +0/+(
B
%55X
*0&/++0/+0&(/+0/)0/=00?+0+
4/0-00(4/+0/08+0+ +0;
+0?0/0'008
#
,'0?&=000040
)0?8(00)+0>=04/,-)0?;
+00(00?,0+)0&0>000
?8(0 =0,-()0 0 0 )+0 >=0 0 )?
0 ( +0 ?+=0 /) +0 &?+0 4?=0 >+0 ;
&4)00+0?=0+00+)0&+
? ,00+=0/0>),)0?80;
)=0,-)00(0)+0>=00480+/;
80?8=0&?,-)0?0?;0)04(0+;
/8(0/=0/),-()0/0400?/0(/
0 008/),0/0/=
0 +)0 0 )),)0 )80 --)0 0 &0 ?/
(/=00?/=0?/)00/'0+0+ ,)0;
)0 ?0 ?/0 (/0 0 +)0 /'0 C0 /0 0 /
&0 0 8/)D=0 80 +0 4/)0 ?+0 ;
+00/>+0?+408/0(0+/8(0?;
0?0?/0(/0CH0/)0<0?808/,00+)0/'
0 +)0 ),)M0 HH0 <0 ?80 8/,0 0 +)0 /;
'= 0 +)0 0 ),)=0 &(/+0 (0 0 ;
M0 HHH0 <0 ?80 8/,00+>0? 0?D00)/
0?+40+&?0+/8(0?00(0-+02+;
&?0 +/8(0 ?0 C80 +D0 (?)0 &)+
&0?/0(/=0+000'0?=
0 8(0 )(0 ?+0 0 +0 0 0 ?/0 (/
?-8(0 )(0+40?)080
0/00? 0+,0?80+
'0 0 /)=0 80 ?/)0 0 ;
;+040&0*0+0+408)048
+/80 ?8=0 0 0 4+0 ?/0 0 4
0 ?/0 (/0 <0 0 ?80 0 +-,0 '
0 /)=0 0 /0 /0 0 (0 )(=
+0(=0/0+ )0&0'=0+400;
08(0+/8(0?=000?/0(/=
8)0 ,-0 ?&)0 )+0 >0 N&80 ;
8/0+/8(0?=0&+0/,04)
=0+0=0/40?0+,02-0&;
/0 &0 ?)0 , 0 ,0 -=0 ;
=08000)+0>
0 8(0 /)(0 +)0 ?0 0
+0+/,0/=0/4/,-,0 ?0?0C;
-=0 (&0 ?0 +0 &0 +=0 + 80 /8DM0 ?/;
4,-)0-=0'000, ,)0? ,08
0 80?+8=0(/80 00/+8)M0 00@;
+0=0?+=0+=0 +0+;
+0 *0 +0 4+0 +0 ?80 80 =0 +?
?+0 0 +=0 0 &80 /0 *0 ;
0 ?0 )+0 >0 +),0 80 0 0 /+
%525
O
)(0 @0 )=0 ?0 40 C&;
0 =0 +&?0 +/8(0 ?0 0 (0 -+D
&0&(/+0?
0 '0 +40 &80 /)0 0 +>=
&00(0 )(=0/0+ ,)08/0(0+;
/8(0?00&80 )00?+0+0&
@8+08+0+>+0)))0+/@+)0<
0(0048(0+/8(0?00;
0?0& 0?/0(/02/&0&0;
0'0)00 0<:;0/
,-004>)0+0+40+0/8
)0 &+0 >0 80 /&0 0
=0'804+0/00/8(00@(0 )(0/0;
&,0+=0 0'0)0 0?/8+
* 00<0, 0=0&,-(0?;
,0+)=0'804+0)=0=0 )00/;
0?=0/8(0 (080C-80
&0?/0(/00/'D0"'+=0/-+0+/4;
80&?04?=0?+00=0&,00/)00)=0&(;
/+0?+)0+=0)0&0+?'0+;
;@0'00>00/4/,0?)0
0(0+0?
#
'
000000N-0?;
)0/00 )00?8008
+0/=00'00(0/0=0400?;
8(0()(0800=0&?00/8()0 /;
(0?&)(0/0 )00++0C++D
)00?00 0?>)
0*0&>+000))0+00
?,0 ? 80 &0 0 /=0 >0 *0 +0 )
+0 /),)0 ++80 =0 /)0
+-)00 /)0C/8>=0&/=0 '?=084/;
0/) 04=0(/)=040.D0*/4,-)
000+0+000&0&
.8000'0 808+008+
0C 0/4040 0)000;
4)=000?000.+?00 &
/8()00/0 ?)0/8(8(0>+0/0&,0;
)000/D0.)0/4/)00, )0/?0&)?
0/0*00'0&4;
)0
*0/?00+0?0 )0?')00(;
0'020&00++0?/)
040/)M00)48(0(0>)0/40/)0E0+
EQ00+0/(/=00 848(0?(0;
+000/)080?+
" =00=0000'00=
'0=0/>+0?+-000 )(=0/0;
?+40@)0?')=0,0',08),0
4?8+0?)+00+(040+-0*0/4,-+)
B
%55X
*0&/++0/+0&(/+0/)0/=00?+0+
4/0-00(4/+0/08+0+ +0;
+0?0/0'008
#
,'0?&=000040
)0?8(00)+0>=04/,-)0?;
+00(00?,0+)0&0>000
?8(0 =0,-()0 0 0 )+0 >=0 0 )?
0 ( +0 ?+=0 /) +0 &?+0 4?=0 >+0 ;
&4)00+0?=0+00+)0&+
? ,00+=0/0>),)0?80;
)=0,-)00(0)+0>=00480+/;
80?8=0&?,-)0?0?;0)04(0+;
/8(0/=0/),-()0/0400?/0(/
0 008/),0/0/=
0 +)0 0 )),)0 )80 --)0 0 &0 ?/
(/=00?/=0?/)00/'0+0+ ,)0;
)0 ?0 ?/0 (/0 0 +)0 /'0 C0 /0 0 /
&0 0 8/)D=0 80 +0 4/)0 ?+0 ;
+00/>+0?+408/0(0+/8(0?;
0?0?/0(/0CH0/)0<0?808/,00+)0/'
0 +)0 ),)M0 HH0 <0 ?80 8/,0 0 +)0 /;
'= 0 +)0 0 ),)=0 &(/+0 (0 0 ;
M0 HHH0 <0 ?80 8/,00+>0? 0?D00)/
0?+40+&?0+/8(0?00(0-+02+;
&?0 +/8(0 ?0 C80 +D0 (?)0 &)+
&0?/0(/=0+000'0?=
0 8(0 )(0 ?+0 0 +0 0 0 ?/0 (/
?-8(0 )(0+40?)080
0/00? 0+,0?80+
'0 0 /)=0 80 ?/)0 0 ;
;+040&0*0+0+408)048
+/80 ?8=0 0 0 4+0 ?/0 0 4
0 ?/0 (/0 <0 0 ?80 0 +-,0 '
0 /)=0 0 /0 /0 0 (0 )(=
+0(=0/0+ )0&0'=0+400;
08(0+/8(0?=000?/0(/=
8)0 ,-0 ?&)0 )+0 >0 N&80 ;
8/0+/8(0?=0&+0/,04)
=0+0=0/40?0+,02-0&;
/0 &0 ?)0 , 0 ,0 -=0 ;
=08000)+0>
0 8(0 /)(0 +)0 ?0 0
+0+/,0/=0/4/,-,0 ?0?0C;
-=0 (&0 ?0 +0 &0 +=0 + 80 /8DM0 ?/;
4,-)0-=0'000, ,)0? ,08
0 80?+8=0(/80 00/+8)M0 00@;
+0=0?+=0+=0 +0+;
+0 *0 +0 4+0 +0 ?80 80 =0 +?
?+0 0 +=0 0 &80 /0 *0 ;
0 ?0 )+0 >0 +),0 80 0 0 /+
%525
O
)(0 @0 )=0 ?0 40 C&;
0 =0 +&?0 +/8(0 ?0 0 (0 -+D
&0&(/+0?
0 '0 +40 &80 /)0 0 +>=
&00(0 )(=0/0+ ,)08/0(0+;
/8(0?00&80 )00?+0+0&
@8+08+0+>+0)))0+/@+)0<
0(0048(0+/8(0?00;
0?0& 0?/0(/02/&0&0;
0'0)00 0<:;0/
,-004>)0+0+40+0/8
)0 &+0 >0 80 /&0 0
=0'804+0/00/8(00@(0 )(0/0;
&,0+=0 0'0)0 0?/8+
* 00<0, 0=0&,-(0?;
,0+)=0'804+0)=0=0 )00/;
0?=0/8(0 (080C-80
&0?/0(/00/'D0"'+=0/-+0+/4;
80&?04?=0?+00=0&,00/)00)=0&(;
/+0?+)0+=0)0&0+?'0+;
;@0'00>00/4/,0?)0
0(0+0?
#
'
000000N-0?;
)0/00 )00?8008
+0/=00'00(0/0=0400?;
8(0()(0800=0&?00/8()0 /;
(0?&)(0/0 )00++0C++D
)00?00 0?>)
0*0&>+000))0+00
?,0 ? 80 &0 0 /=0 >0 *0 +0 )
+0 /),)0 ++80 =0 /)0
+-)00 /)0C/8>=0&/=0 '?=084/;
0/) 04=0(/)=040.D0*/4,-)
000+0+000&0&
.8000'0 808+008+
0C 0/4040 0)000;
4)=000?000.+?00 &
/8()00/0 ?)0/8(8(0>+0/0&,0;
)000/D0.)0/4/)00, )0/?0&)?
0/0*00'0&4;
)0
*0/?00+0?0 )0?')00(;
0'020&00++0?/)
040/)M00)48(0(0>)0/40/)0E0+
EQ00+0/(/=00 848(0?(0;
+000/)080?+
" =00=0000'00=
'0=0/>+0?+-000 )(=0/0;
?+40@)0?')=0,0',08),0
4?8+0?)+00+(040+-0*0/4,-+)
P
%573"3$
0 0 ,-+0 +0 ?0 )0 +)
',0+?00(0 )(0+40 )08+
+0C=0>80/=0&D0*0;
-)0 )0>))00000+40;
)00?)00++0+8(08(
-0<0>
#.
%'0/)0&?=0(?,-))08;
>0 ,
*0 +0 >0 0 +(?+0 8)0
?0/'0vHHH=0HY00YH008)008/;
),0+,00C/ 0vHHH008)0D=0;
+,0 0 C/ 0 HY0 0 8)0 D=0 /,;
-)00'+=0'+00+00/)0C&,
+4 8=04-80)),)0'+00+D00+;
,00 C/ 0YH008)0D0<0/0?&;
00+;/+8+0+0/)0C&,0+4 8
04-8D02)40?&)0?000/'0;
,-008)0
0 (?)0 ,=0 )0 ?
+0 /+0?0 C0)?08=0?8)0?;
&D05+ ,)0&80 )00,&8(=0/40? ;
8(0+008(0+>M0),-)080?;
))0080&,>0=0040080 =0;
+-08008=0/+08(0)),)
8=0)0+8>'=0>0'0 0&,/;
,)0/48=0+8> 8=0// 80++8=0?+4;
0)000+ 0C+)D0%80++80+08?;
0/0/000000?,0 =0>+
0?00?+480/80 )0?0?8(0&;
0=0/=0404/ ;> 0
+)0/40&80?/?00'0+40008>;
0 ,=0?>00+0/+0?0.?0;
,000&8(0+/0/)0C/;
0 +0 8)0 =0 /4)0 ,-0
8)000/D
0 /0 0 ? ,0 +,=0 )0 /40 &8
/'A0 0 +0 0 +),0 '0 C ;
-80'0 vHHH0 08)0D=0 04
0 +0 ?+8M0 0 +0 0 0 0 ?,0 ?+=
'00?+8000{0C+0HH=0vHH=0HY0060;
0 8)0 D0 *0 &(/+0 8(0 +>
&8(0+0(0-),00'?8(0 &8(0 ;
4/)(00 )0/4)0/,-008;
)000+0/0+?0/)0&-,0+,=0
000?)+0+40&80?/0')000/;
0?>)000/,-+0?0? 0;
0C)? 00/80'/8=0 &)0?D
*0 0/)00/4/,0+=
/+08(0+>0&?0/0/;
00)48(0 )(00+00 00/
&0? ,0'
*232V03TV
E
+
'
0&-0?08(00( (0/?8(0;
8(0?&0 0? 0@
0+40&80 8+=000@+0 00)))0+);
8+0?&+=00 8+=0/00/)0&0;
)0/0&?0?0 00)?00?/;
+0 8(0 0 <0 =0 )0 C80 ;
D=08(0/0 C+/+?80D00(+ (
-0C 0D00&804/8+0?&+
C8=004/8=0DM00 +0)),)0)
')=0++00+00/00/0 80
?0 0 0 '=0'=00?&)(04/ ;
;> 0=0/?8(0&?)(0/000/
?0(0)
+
*!
&"*
0<0'80&?=0(?,;
-)0 +-8+0 4+0 =0 ,-0 0 ;
'000 0 004(0? ,080800;
;8+0+(?++0/ 0<0000000;
80 80 0 8+0 +(?++0 / 0 <0 0 =
0000[0
6
0000)00@+=0&/0;
/' +0+=0)?8+0040& 0*&
0) 0 0 0 K0+=00+0+0())
/0(0+)'0/')0C?/)D00(0;
00)00&08+0> 8+0;
')+0 3 +0 ?&/)0 '0 )))0 &0 0
008/))0?0?40?+00+
?0> 00&4)00)(0&8(00&'+
/000 0&?03+00@0+)0&80&08
/)04,-(00:;0/0&?000)(008)))
/(08/)(0 000&4)040?/;
8(0'0(/0 ?0?)?80)+0&8(00;
0/80)=0/=0/+80&(/0&08;
)0?&+0+ )0/0/00?000/0E:0=0;
?8(0 0 =0 0 ;?+0 /0 0 /U++0 ?
4/80<K00+ 08)0*00 ;
'00,&0+0C 0840<0& D08&;
8)04?80++
3&'80/0<00L0/0KP0/=00/+0P<P0/0?;
,0 4>,=0 &?4>,=0 & ,0 0 ( ,
+80&?
*04>0+08/),0/4>80/0&?0/;
,0K<L0/00@0/0+0&,/)0+)
(/0 /0 B<O=K R=0 )0 &=0 40 =0 >=
=0)40080&00+0/&=0 0 0 ;
?=0 +0 + =0 &' 0 0 0 +0 4>
/0 ++80 ?0 ?,=0 )),)0 ?0 >)
+0&+0C4>)00400/+8(0?8(0&;
=0&0M0+ 0'0=00&' 8D=0&,/,)
0 00 0?=0?)00&//)=0?+48