Бородулин В.И., Ланцман М.Н. Справочник: Болезни. Синдромы. Симптомы
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+00+0F0+=00P0/0<0E<E:0+=00:0/0<P0+=
0B0/0<0:<F0+=000/0<0B<P0+0C+00'0+4/
+00+ /8+0+0/8=00 04)D=
0F0/0<0<:0+0C/0+ /00/8=0
4D=00:P0/0<0 B<P0+=0 00)04=00 0 /=00
8)
540 40 ?+),0 0 +0 40 40 4-8=0
0/0880))0/0+0+,00;
,0?/0/0) 0&=0/000
5404000/0&+0)0BP<BK0+=00F0/0<
0/+0OP0+=00:P0/0<0OK<OB0+0C? 0&>=0 +000/=
()080))0/0+000/00:P0/0+0/D
0 &+0 +40 0 0 +0 ?+;
)0/80/0?++=0/)0000&+
1-00@+0400=000800?&/8(
(=0+ 0?80/0?++0&(/+040*;
-8)0 ?0&,>,00 0/=0/00?+0;
,0040,0=0/,0<00)/'80/0C -
0(/))00&0/0+D0 =0 ,00?+;
0 ))0 0 40 ,0 0 /0 )/'=0 +4,0 0
*0? +0?0/40 0&,>00?0;
0 0 8 ,0 <K0 +0 0 0 (/)0 &0
(/00 +80?=00?+0?/)00(0)0&
+?0/0)/'0/=000 +0?0&),00+=
?+0 80 ?0 +4,0 0 0 T0 +0 &?+
/0/=0/)0@0 00K00 ,0+800&+;
0C0>(0+)'(D
*/+800/0+40/00+0/
+'0 C0 0 /)0 /0 +'0 8,0 ?/
EF
%52W
/8(0+)'00/&),0L0/D=00400/00>;
)0/0C00 &),0P0 /00/)-(000 /0 0;
/)-(D0 .)0 /)0 +0 /)0 //0
/+00/0-,0? 80/00
&,/0?0&+0*00&+;
04-0/40&80&/0C+0
D
0?)0/0/0&,/0040'0C
+00/>;>+0D0*0+0&-
&+0 4-8=0 ++0 -0 /)=0 /),
?+800?=0?+),000+0=0.00&(0(=0;
/,0)0(00C/'=0(00/D=0/)0;
&0/0/)+0?0-=0 0?8
=0+ =0'0+0003N;',=0/),0;
000?;04/,0&+,0/40+0=
+=0 +=0 0 0 &(/+0 =0 (0
/0'8
*0 ++0 0 &+0 ?/)0 4-0 0 );
-8+0 >+0 +?+0 /40 -0 >;
C>D0000&+0E0?00+)'=0 )00P0/
0/00/0&+0<00?0 0 +)'=0 0 0 /0 <0 <:0 ?
+)'0*08(0+(000/),0+0=0.=0 ;
),040/=0?+),080))0/0+004
405&0+0&-,00 '0)0/
C>=0/'&DM0,00/+,0+=0;
,0+408 =0?)0+0.4050? )08;
80))0/0+0C0+(D08 ,0EE0C0+0&+;
0/0OP0D00 E0C0+0&0OP0 D00 0 0+;
4,00EKKM0?00+0+0/00++(
00/0&+,00+0
0+)0&+00+0<0?0?/)0 0;
?00C00-)=00000/0&+D=0;
0 ?0 + 0 C0 4/+0 -D=0 '0 +0 0
3N;',0C0+0-0000/0&+D
*0-0 0C>D04-0? ,0/0/,-;
0-)=00000)))00?80=00-,0
/+M0+0=0>07*0-0&+,00/+0/0?
C0?))00 0 0 0 K<F0/0&+D00 0 & +0 +
EB<P0/0&+
0>04/04-800)400&+0;
-),)0 ?/80 +))0 0 ',0 & )0 &;
)0 (/0 &+0 0 /0 /)0 +0 0 /A0 /)
( )0/0&+8(00/+=0/)0;
;)0&00+080&+8(=00&(;
/+0&+,0/)00&0,0&00/
>=0 +)0 &,-)0 0 />;>+
=00/+0&,/0?0&+0/40+)
0+=0 &804/)0&+)0&80+0>+;+=
+00/+0'+00? 80=0&80;
+0?/80&(/+80&80/)00 &80;
/80(/00'0/0&,/+0>;
%52W
EL
+54 6
0 /0 0 &+0 4),
? 80 ?&)0 0 0 ))=0 /),-
/,00C8>80D0/)0+00/00;
/00+)0&+=0000/>+00'0;
/000(050+000?,00>
00=004/+080&+;
=0 + 0 =0 ?/40 ?)0 /=0
00/02 0&+0+0)-)00?;
0 0 4-80
$
=0 0 /)0 &,0 ;
0/)0/054)0&+0/0&,/,)00;
+0 40 /0 C+=0
$
*
D=
+/=0+/00>0&+02)4804;
)0C )=0 4/+080&+=0&
/D0?,00>0?)000&0?/8>0<
( $
0 *8>80 0 /)0 +0 0 &
/)0/0/)0++0(000 ?;0
+0P0C+0
"$
*
D
5&0+)0&,0404-8=008(0/0)-
&+0&,/0800+?80&8=
4/+80/8=0&0/80C+0
D=0+4/)=0&/
800 /)0+00/0?00+)0&+;
00/00 004-0)/0?&=0 00);
?8(00//0'=00400? 008(
04-8
0 08))000?)040&;
+00/0/)04/0&+0040'0/4
&800//800/0&,/)00 +
'0 +,-)0 0 ?+40 =0 ))0 4-8=
/8(0+?00/0 '0&,/)0?0&+0+40?;
0&(/+0)00@0000/00;
00?+)+0))04-800/03//8
0/0&,/)0&8 0/+0&0 80';
80+804-80>+;+=0+=
0?)+00 +0/(0'0C++=0@/;
+=0+00/D0*0@+0&8 0/)0'80/;
0/)=00+0 0/)=0?),-0;
/)0 )0 /A0 ',0 0 / 0 /)=0 +;
,=0?0/
.)0 &+8(0 80 8>0 0 ,0 &8
4+=0 0 &(/+0 ? ,0 ,-,0 ,0 0 );
/ 0&,00?'00 &00
',00? 800&+=00400//0?;
'0C0'=0/0+40&80?08')0;
+-=0/00'?80>0'D
;54546
0 0&+;
00?&=0 00)?8(00//0'=0;
)0/0 0T0&+8(0+0&,/)0?&)0;
/ ;/0+80C0/'=0 )0&?=0;
)0?)00/D=0&?00C8+0&?+0+D=
0C=0+00/D=00/8()0C+=
EF
%52W
/8(0+)'00/&),0L0/D=00400/00>;
)0/0C00 &),0P0 /00/)-(000 /0 0;
/)-(D0 .)0 /)0 +0 /)0 //0
/+00/0-,0? 80/00
&,/0?0&+0*00&+;
04-0/40&80&/0C+0
D
0?)0/0/0&,/0040'0C
+00/>;>+0D0*0+0&-
&+0 4-8=0 ++0 -0 /)=0 /),
?+800?=0?+),000+0=0.00&(0(=0;
/,0)0(00C/'=0(00/D=0/)0;
&0/0/)+0?0-=0 0?8
=0+ =0'0+0003N;',=0/),0;
000?;04/,0&+,0/40+0=
+=0 +=0 0 0 &(/+0 =0 (0
/0'8
*0 ++0 0 &+0 ?/)0 4-0 0 );
-8+0 >+0 +?+0 /40 -0 >;
C>D0000&+0E0?00+)'=0 )00P0/
0/00/0&+0<00?0 0 +)'=0 0 0 /0 <0 <:0 ?
+)'0*08(0+(000/),0+0=0.=0 ;
),040/=0?+),080))0/0+004
405&0+0&-,00 '0)0/
C>=0/'&DM0,00/+,0+=0;
,0+408 =0?)0+0.4050? )08;
80))0/0+0C0+(D08 ,0EE0C0+0&+;
0/0OP0D00 E0C0+0&0OP0 D00 0 0+;
4,00EKKM0?00+0+0/00++(
00/0&+,00+0
0+)0&+00+0<0?0?/)0 0;
?00C00-)=00000/0&+D=0;
0 ?0 + 0 C0 4/+0 -D=0 '0 +0 0
3N;',0C0+0-0000/0&+D
*0-0 0C>D04-0? ,0/0/,-;
0-)=00000)))00?80=00-,0
/+M0+0=0>07*0-0&+,00/+0/0?
C0?))00 0 0 0 K<F0/0&+D00 0 & +0 +
EB<P0/0&+
0>04/04-800)400&+0;
-),)0 ?/80 +))0 0 ',0 & )0 &;
)0 (/0 &+0 0 /0 /)0 +0 0 /A0 /)
( )0/0&+8(00/+=0/)0;
;)0&00+080&+8(=00&(;
/+0&+,0/)00&0,0&00/
>=0 +)0 &,-)0 0 />;>+
=00/+0&,/0?0&+0/40+)
0+=0 &804/)0&+)0&80+0>+;+=
+00/+0'+00? 80=0&80;
+0?/80&(/+80&80/)00 &80;
/80(/00'0/0&,/+0>;
%52W
EL
+54 6
0 /0 0 &+0 4),
? 80 ?&)0 0 0 ))=0 /),-
/,00C8>80D0/)0+00/00;
/00+)0&+=0000/>+00'0;
/000(050+000?,00>
00=004/+080&+;
=0 + 0 =0 ?/40 ?)0 /=0
00/02 0&+0+0)-)00?;
0 0 4-80
$
=0 0 /)0 &,0 ;
0/)0/054)0&+0/0&,/,)00;
+0 40 /0 C+=0
$
*
D=
+/=0+/00>0&+02)4804;
)0C )=0 4/+080&+=0&
/D0?,00>0?)000&0?/8>0<
( $
0 *8>80 0 /)0 +0 0 &
/)0/0/)0++0(000 ?;0
+0P0C+0
"$
*
D
5&0+)0&,0404-8=008(0/0)-
&+0&,/0800+?80&8=
4/+80/8=0&0/80C+0
D=0+4/)=0&/
800 /)0+00/0?00+)0&+;
00/00 004-0)/0?&=0 00);
?8(00//0'=00400? 008(
04-8
0 08))000?)040&;
+00/0/)04/0&+0040'0/4
&800//800/0&,/)00 +
'0 +,-)0 0 ?+40 =0 ))0 4-8=
/8(0+?00/0 '0&,/)0?0&+0+40?;
0&(/+0)00@0000/00;
00?+)+0))04-800/03//8
0/0&,/)0&8 0/+0&0 80';
80+804-80>+;+=0+=
0?)+00 +0/(0'0C++=0@/;
+=0+00/D0*0@+0&8 0/)0'80/;
0/)=00+0 0/)=0?),-0;
/)0 )0 /A0 ',0 0 / 0 /)=0 +;
,=0?0/
.)0 &+8(0 80 8>0 0 ,0 &8
4+=0 0 &(/+0 ? ,0 ,-,0 ,0 0 );
/ 0&,00?'00 &00
',00? 800&+=00400//0?;
'0C0'=0/0+40&80?08')0;
+-=0/00'?80>0'D
;54546
0 0&+;
00?&=0 00)?8(00//0'=0;
)0/0 0T0&+8(0+0&,/)0?&)0;
/ ;/0+80C0/'=0 )0&?=0;
)0?)00/D=0&?00C8+0&?+0+D=
0C=0+00/D=00/8()0C+=
EB
%52W
&()0+D=04/ ;> 00C=0)?)0&;
?04/00//'0>=0('=04 +)
&?=0/'0 0/D=0 @/80?&)0C+=0(;
80/&D00/0?+40 0&+00'8+0&;
?)+0C+=0&?+=08+0+D
80 ?&)0 /0 >,0 +0 ;
0&+00/=0/)00?,0 (0)
+=0/004/0+0+40)-0
@(0 ?&=0 &0 ),0 8(0 ?&
(0
0>0?, )00+08)0?0@;
8(0?&00&+8(=080 &8(0+)
0? ,0 =00'8(0&?
'
0C4/800&8D00+)0&+;
00/00&8(00+0/'0+40?)0/ )0/;
=0/0&0+ 0'=0 0 )/0 ;
0 /0 0 &0 4-80 *0 /+8(0 (0 ?;
+480 4/+80 /8=0 )0 /0 0 /0 4)
>)000>0&+8(00+0/'0?0
+80 =0 ))0 +/=0/0 / 0&-;
)00@0/40&80 0000&+0C/0E0/D
/)0>)000?+40()0&+
*0+ (0(0/'0&00+ 0;
'0000 /+0 ;&8+0 /8+0/;
,0 '?0 8>0 EE PPP0 0 E0 +=0 ?0 8480 /
0'0+8=050&0K ++n
>0? 0/)0?)0 )0&+00(;
/0/004-00+0/'0+0/00
?)0? 8(04004-800/0H000;
&,/)0 0 0 0 &+8(0 0 /'0 &?0 848(
?0/ 0/ 00&)0+?+M0HH0
0<00 8(0++(0/ 0/ 008);
0 H0 0 0 + 0 'M0 HHH0 0 0 <
0 ?(0 &/)0 4/ 0 / =0 ;
0HH000+ 0'=0/0?>
+'0+=0 0?0HH0/M0Hv000<
0?(04/ 000/ =0
HHH000+ 0'=0? +0
?+0/'0C/+)D000//0C+)D=0/;
0-,-0+'0+00+&@+& +0;
))+=00 0?0HHH0/0+0/+
0+40&80(000 0H00HH0000
/)0 //4,-0 0 *0 HHH<Hv0 )(0 0 4;
-0 /0 //=0 0 &+0 4=0 0 0
=000(0?0?;?00&80;
)0/ 0&-)
00/+0&+00?+400()
04-=0>(0',00/'=0>)00//;
00?+00))0&00)?00+=0 0
&-)00'0(/00>0 +0 ?0E<E=K0/=
4-0/0?U)=0 0&+00@0/04;
0*0?)00/'0&+0?
%52W
EO
0 8&0 +0 0 /)0 &+0 0 &+8(
+0/'0/480 0>;000;
?+0 0 ))0 &,0 0 +0 /'0 &(/+0 0
&+0?00+0)/00+00?0*;
)0?')0-))00B<EP0/0&+0/)0 ;
)0/?00>)000?+40()0&+=
)0<00F<0/0&+0C/0&>0+/+
?00/'D=0)0<0?00/0/0/+00/0C;
+00L0/D0/)0/00/+008&00/?>;
)0*0)0?0/+'0&)0/40&80
?00,&+00&+
0'0/)0+0+)=0, ,-0 ;
04+=0 &0=0 &,0?=0(;
,0/00/+=0,0"0 0;
/))0)+0&0*0?)+0+),0/ ;/;
8=0+ =0&?,-=0+ 80/
0)8
"
$!
0 ?0 0 &?0
/)0?/=000?0/0&+0.?0;
0&?00+)0&+08)0 /,-(
?(A0.08>0E:PnOP0++000000C/ EF0/D0&;
+00(08>0.0000&+
0 0 /(0 ++=0 (8(0 /)0 ?/0 ?
&+8(0 C=0 )0 0 /D0 >0 0 0 (
&+0?00 /0?&)A00 H0 /0
&?0&+00/80+00+=00HH0/0&;
+0+40&80(000 +0404-;
8=00@+0 0&)04/)00+ +0&,/00 ;
=000(/>0))0<00/ +080&+
*0HH00HHH0/)(0?&)0&+0&(/+000+;
/'+0?)+02 0&+00 0&?=
0=04))0/>+=0?+0?/0;
?0 &+8(=0 /0 4/+0 0 +0 ;
40'8=0+4/+
*0&0 0&?=0?+4+00,&+0;
0&+=0+ ,)0(/>0&-0))0&=0;
0 8(0 &=0 ? 0 8>0 .=0 ?+)0 ?
/0?+40?0 0?=080&(/+0;
00@+=0?,-0&8 0000&;
+8(
$
0C 0.008>0EPP=00/;
0 <0 FP0 ++0 0 D0 ? ,0 ,0 0 ( ,0 ;
,0?,05)0&,/)000/ ;/;
00/0/ 0C+=0 0&+=0 =
>D0 6 )0 )0 ?)0 &80 ? 0
0 *0 ? 0 0 ?0 4&8
,=0 /&0 4-80 (0 *0
0?0+ ,)0&=0=0&8)0+;
)+=04=0/'&=0? 040.0;
+0 0 4))0 +0 ?+=0 4/+8+
/+=0 &,0 /0 /)=0 0 /0 +8
EB
%52W
&()0+D=04/ ;> 00C=0)?)0&;
?04/00//'0>=0('=04 +)
&?=0/'0 0/D=0 @/80?&)0C+=0(;
80/&D00/0?+40 0&+00'8+0&;
?)+0C+=0&?+=08+0+D
80 ?&)0 /0 >,0 +0 ;
0&+00/=0/)00?,0 (0)
+=0/004/0+0+40)-0
@(0 ?&=0 &0 ),0 8(0 ?&
(0
0>0?, )00+08)0?0@;
8(0?&00&+8(=080 &8(0+)
0? ,0 =00'8(0&?
'
0C4/800&8D00+)0&+;
00/00&8(00+0/'0+40?)0/ )0/;
=0/0&0+ 0'=0 0 )/0 ;
0 /0 0 &0 4-80 *0 /+8(0 (0 ?;
+480 4/+80 /8=0 )0 /0 0 /0 4)
>)000>0&+8(00+0/'0?0
+80 =0 ))0 +/=0/0 / 0&-;
)00@0/40&80 0000&+0C/0E0/D
/)0>)000?+40()0&+
*0+ (0(0/'0&00+ 0;
'0000 /+0 ;&8+0 /8+0/;
,0 '?0 8>0 EE PPP0 0 E0 +=0 ?0 8480 /
0'0+8=050&0K ++n
>0? 0/)0?)0 )0&+00(;
/0/004-00+0/'0+0/00
?)0? 8(04004-800/0H000;
&,/)0 0 0 0 &+8(0 0 /'0 &?0 848(
?0/ 0/ 00&)0+?+M0HH0
0<00 8(0++(0/ 0/ 008);
0 H0 0 0 + 0 'M0 HHH0 0 0 <
0 ?(0 &/)0 4/ 0 / =0 ;
0HH000+ 0'=0/0?>
+'0+=0 0?0HH0/M0Hv000<
0?(04/ 000/ =0
HHH000+ 0'=0? +0
?+0/'0C/+)D000//0C+)D=0/;
0-,-0+'0+00+&@+& +0;
))+=00 0?0HHH0/0+0/+
0+40&80(000 0H00HH0000
/)0 //4,-0 0 *0 HHH<Hv0 )(0 0 4;
-0 /0 //=0 0 &+0 4=0 0 0
=000(0?0?;?00&80;
)0/ 0&-)
00/+0&+00?+400()
04-=0>(0',00/'=0>)00//;
00?+00))0&00)?00+=0 0
&-)00'0(/00>0 +0 ?0E<E=K0/=
4-0/0?U)=0 0&+00@0/04;
0*0?)00/'0&+0?
%52W
EO
0 8&0 +0 0 /)0 &+0 0 &+8(
+0/'0/480 0>;000;
?+0 0 ))0 &,0 0 +0 /'0 &(/+0 0
&+0?00+0)/00+00?0*;
)0?')0-))00B<EP0/0&+0/)0 ;
)0/?00>)000?+40()0&+=
)0<00F<0/0&+0C/0&>0+/+
?00/'D=0)0<0?00/0/0/+00/0C;
+00L0/D0/)0/00/+008&00/?>;
)0*0)0?0/+'0&)0/40&80
?00,&+00&+
0'0/)0+0+)=0, ,-0 ;
04+=0 &0=0 &,0?=0(;
,0/00/+=0,0"0 0;
/))0)+0&0*0?)+0+),0/ ;/;
8=0+ =0&?,-=0+ 80/
0)8
"
$!
0 ?0 0 &?0
/)0?/=000?0/0&+0.?0;
0&?00+)0&+08)0 /,-(
?(A0.08>0E:PnOP0++000000C/ EF0/D0&;
+00(08>0.0000&+
0 0 /(0 ++=0 (8(0 /)0 ?/0 ?
&+8(0 C=0 )0 0 /D0 >0 0 0 (
&+0?00 /0?&)A00 H0 /0
&?0&+00/80+00+=00HH0/0&;
+0+40&80(000 +0404-;
8=00@+0 0&)04/)00+ +0&,/00 ;
=000(/>0))0<00/ +080&+
*0HH00HHH0/)(0?&)0&+0&(/+000+;
/'+0?)+02 0&+00 0&?=
0=04))0/>+=0?+0?/0;
?0 &+8(=0 /0 4/+0 0 +0 ;
40'8=0+4/+
*0&0 0&?=0?+4+00,&+0;
0&+=0+ ,)0(/>0&-0))0&=0;
0 8(0 &=0 ? 0 8>0 .=0 ?+)0 ?
/0?+40?0 0?=080&(/+0;
00@+=0?,-0&8 0000&;
+8(
$
0C 0.008>0EPP=00/;
0 <0 FP0 ++0 0 D0 ? ,0 ,0 0 ( ,0 ;
,0?,05)0&,/)000/ ;/;
00/0/ 0C+=0 0&+=0 =
>D0 6 )0 )0 ?)0 &80 ? 0
0 *0 ? 0 0 ?0 4&8
,=0 /&0 4-80 (0 *0
0?0+ ,)0&=0=0&8)0+;
)+=04=0/'&=0? 040.0;
+0 0 4))0 +0 ?+=0 4/+8+
/+=0 &,0 /0 /)=0 0 /0 +8
EP
%52W
.040EPPnFP0++000/480(/)0/0+ +0;
&,/+0>;000+800?
0 ?0 0 0 0 4/,)0 *0
0?0/)0 00?&)=0?;
,0 &-),-,0 ,=0 &,0 ?=0 /=0 ;
+,-0/)0!
000&+8(0&,/,)0+0 0C/0PQ0 D0;
&0 0 )04?/')0+)0CLP<OKQ0(0 +
&+8(D=0? 040/')=0+ 00;
0+
5)=0 0 4)=0 +)0 +40 ?0 0 &+8(
/0? 0 )0&U+0?+8000/0&;
+M000+00 )0+8+0'8+0;
?+00+0+ (0?+00@'(
*)04?/'0+0)?008>8+0(/+
4?=0&(/+8+0/)0 ?)0 '800/0T ?/8(0 &;
+8(0@0'0+)00@?8+0+04?
C0-8+0/+D=000?+04?=0/00;
0 ?,0 4?/'0 +0 0 /0 &+
&,0=0('=0=0@=080;
?=0?=0/)-00>,0)04?00?+
4-8=0040 80/800+0+0+4/0+=0/;
)0')=0+/)0&+=0/40'8
)004?/'0+00&+;
8(0(?)0+040+++=0 000&+8(02
&+004-004?/'0+0/04))
+00?/+0?+0&+8(
" 0 4?/'0 +0 0 &+8(0 ?, )0
? 004?0&(/+0800
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