Schenken Suzanne O’Dea. From Suffrage to the Senate: An Encyclopedia of American Women in Politics (2 Volumes)
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www.senate.gov/~snowe/bio.htm
www.serve.com/fem4life
www.shelleyberkley.com
www.ssa.gov
www.state.nh.us/governor/bio.html
www.tammybaldwin.com
www.thewishlist.org
www.usccr.gov
www.usda.gov
www.usda.gov/agencies/gallery/thompson.htm
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www.usdoj.gov/bios/jreno.html
www.usdoj.gov.vawo/bcbio.htm
www.usdoj.gov.vawo/vawafct.htm
www.usdoj.gov/vawo/vawofct.htm
www.ustr.gov/people/Ambassador/barshefsky.html
www.wctu.org
www.whitehouse.gov
www.whitehouse.gov/wh/eop/cea/html/yellen.html
www.whitehouse.gov/wh/eop/first_lady/html/hillary_bio.html
www.whitehouse.gov/wh/glimpse/firstladies/html/rc39.html.
www.wilpf.org
www.womenconnect.com
Bibliography 899
www.womenconnect.com/ncbw/history.htm
www.womenwork.org
www.ywca.org
www4.od.nih.gov/orwh/overview.html
Laws Cited
Adkins v. Children’s Hospital, 261 U.S. 525 (1923)
Bachur v. Democratic National Committee, 836 F.2d 837 (4th Cir. 1987)
Beal v. Doe, 432 U.S. 438 (1977)
Bellotti v. Baird, 428 U.S. 132 (1976)
Bellotti v. Baird, 443 U.S. 622 (1979)
Bowe v. Colgate-Palmolive Company, 416 F.2d 711 (1969)
Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186 (1986)
Bray v. Alexandria Clinic, 506 U.S. 263 (1993)
California Savings and Loan Assn. v. Guerra, 479 U.S. 272 (1987)
Carey v. Population Services International, 431 U.S. 678 (1977)
City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, 462 U.S. 416 (1983)
Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur, 414 U.S. 632 (1974)
Clinton v. Jones, No. 95-1853 (1997).
Colautti v. Franklin, 439 U.S. 379 (1979)
Corning Glass Works v. Brennan, 417 U.S. 188 (1974)
County of Washington, Oregon v. Gunther, 452 U.S. 161 (1981)
Craig v. Boren, 429 U.S. 190 (1976)
Diaz v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 442 F.2d 385 (1971)
Doe v. Bolton, 410 U.S. 179 (1973)
Dothard v. Rawlinson, 433 U.S. 321 (1977)
Eisenstadt v. Baird, 405 U.S. 438 (1972)
Frontiero v. Richardson, 411 U.S. 677 (1973)
Geduldig v. Aiello, 417 U.S. 484 (1974)
General Electric v. Gilbert, 429 U.S. 125 (1976)
Goesaert v. Cleary, 335 U.S. 464 (1948)
Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965)
Grove City College v. Bell, 465 U.S. 555 (1984)
H. L. v. Matheson, 450 U.S. 398 (1981)
Harris v. McRae, 448 U.S. 297 (1980)
Hishon v. King and Spalding, 467 U.S. 69 (1984)
Hodgson v. Minnesota, 497 U.S. 417 (1990)
Hoyt v. Florida, 368 U.S. 57 (1961)
Johnson v. Transportation Agency, 480 U.S. 616 (1987)
Kirchberg v. Feenstra, 450 U.S. 455 (1981)
Maher v. Roe, 432 U.S. 464 (1977)
McCarty v. McCarty, 453 U.S. 210 (1981)
Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, 477 U.S. 57 (1986)
Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan, 458 U.S. 718 (1982)
Muller v. Oregon, 208 U.S. 412 (1908)
Nashville Gas Co. v. Satty, 434 U.S. 136 (1977)
Ohio v. Akron Center, 497 U.S. 502 (1990)
Orr v. Orr, 440 U.S. 268 (1979)
900 Bibliography
Personnel Administrator of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Feeney, 442 U.S.
256 (1979)
Phillips v. Martin Marietta, 400 U.S. 542 (1971)
Planned Parenthood Association of Kansas City, Mo. v. Ashcroft, 462 U.S. 476
(1983)
Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth, 428 U.S. 52 (1976)
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992)
Poelker v. Doe, 432 U.S. 519 (1977)
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins, 490 U.S. 228 (1989)
Reed v. Reed, 404 U.S. 71 (1971)
Rust v. Sullivan, 500 U.S. 173 (1991)
Taylor v. Louisiana, 419 U.S. 522 (1975)
Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 476 U.S. 747 (1986)
UAW v. Johnson Controls, 499 U.S. 187 (1991)
United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515 (1996)
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 492 U.S. 490 (1989)
Weeks v. Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company, 408 F.2d 228 (1969)
Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld, 420 U.S. 636 (1975)
Williams v. Zbaraz, 448 U.S. 358 (1980)
Bibliography 901
AAUW. See American Association of Uni-
versity Women
Abbott, Grace, 1–2, 136
Abel, Hazel Hempel, 2–3
Abolitionist movement, 3–5, 209–210
supporters of, 39–40, 132–133, 306–308,
453–454, 455, 643–644, 647, 666–668,
705, 723
See also Civil rights movement; Under-
ground Railroad
Abortion, xliii, 5–9, 641
clinic access for, 95, 181, 187, 280,
517–518, 549
and clinic violence, 7–8, 353, 509–510,
687
counseling for, 537, 593
court rulings on, 5, 6, 7, 8, 20–21, 61,
63, 95, 156, 201–202, 336–337, 415,
514–515, 536, 537, 538, 581–582, 593,
664, 688–689, 701–702
and fetal viability, 156, 582, 688
funding for, 6–7, 61, 148–149, 350, 415,
538, 593, 689, 701–702
and gag rule, 7, 8, 466, 593
groups opposing, 9, 30, 99, 141, 162,
215, 265, 488, 517, 549
groups supporting, 9, 122–123, 168,
229–230, 288, 371, 382–383, 466,
484–485, 494, 495–496, 536–537, 565,
567, 574, 643, 703–704, 709, 711
legislation on, 6–7, 148–149, 350
parental notification for, 7, 20, 63, 313,
336–337, 488, 514–515, 536, 537
partial birth, 8, 408, 567
requirements on physicians performing,
20–21, 156, 538, 664
spousal consent for, 537, 538
waiting period before, 20, 488, 538
Abortion pharmaceuticals, 591–592
Abortion rights, in political parties, 8, 177,
193, 194, 573–574, 703–704
Abzug, Bella, 9–12, 140, 467, 474, 475, 492,
496, 641
ACLU. See American Civil Liberties
Union
Adams, Abigail Smith, xxxix, 12–14
Adams, Annette, 14–15
Addams, Jane, 15–17, 54, 529, 549, 683,
714
Adkins, Bertha Sheppard, 17
Adkins v. Children’s Hospital, 18
Administrative appointments, xxii
Adolescent Family Life Program (AFLP), 9
Affirmative action, 18–20, 50, 127, 251
opponents of, 162, 173, 351
supporters of, 97, 101, 157, 258, 355,
417, 485, 487–488, 711
AFL-CIO. See American Federation of
Labor-Congress of Industrial
Organizations
African Americans, xxxvi-xxxvii, 749, 758,
763, 782, 788, 797, 813, 831
in arts, 34–35, 36–37, 339
in Congress, 96–97, 101–102, 118,
138–140, 151, 156–158, 313–314,
355–356, 358–359, 362–366, 378, 397,
430–431, 449–450, 504, 685–686
in education, 66, 286–287, 339
903
Index
African Americans continued
federal appointments of, 68, 70–71, 109,
227–228, 256, 321–322, 328–329, 359,
384, 453, 686
in military, 70, 81, 335
organizations of, 25–26, 159–160,
188–189, 290–291, 426, 469–472, 473,
479–480, 481, 483, 486, 487, 592, 693,
716–717
in state legislatures, 638, 639
See also Abolitionist movement; Anti-
lynching movement; Civil rights
movement; Democratic Party; Deseg-
regation; Republican Party; Suffrage;
Voting Rights Act (1965)
Age Discrimination in Employment Act
(1967), 234
Aging, 258, 282, 385, 395, 438, 494, 507
Agricultural Labor Relations Act (1975),
344
Agricultural workers. See Migrant farm
workers
Aid to Families with Dependent Children
(AFDC), 692–693
Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive
Health, 20–21, 538
Albright, Madeleine, 21–23, 109, 110
Alcoholism, 87, 277. See also Temperance
movement
Alexander, Sadie, 23, 146
Allen, Maryon Pittman, 24
Allen, Pam, 499
Alliance for Displaced Homemakers, 199,
707
Allred, Gloria Rachel, 24–25
Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, 25–26, 146
Alpha Suffrage Club, 26, 693, 694
Alvarez, Aida, 26–27, 111
American Anti-Slavery Society, 132, 133,
306, 307
American Association of University
Women (AAUW), 27–29, 174, 237,
246, 583, 631, 662, 714
American Birth Control League, 536, 599
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU),
29, 113, 237, 273, 293, 399, 504
Women’s Rights Project, 283, 293, 566
American Equal Rights Association, 40
American Federation of Labor-Congress
of Industrial Organizations (AFL-
CIO), 237, 242, 305, 343, 528, 541
American Home Economics Association,
714
American Life League, Inc., 30,99
American Revolution, 182
American Woman Suffrage Association
(AWSA), 30–31, 489, 636, 646, 650
individuals in, 41, 42, 74, 83, 341, 668
American Women against the ERA, 242
Americans for Indian Opportunity, 320
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA;
1990), 234
Ames, Jessie Daniel, 31–32, 43, 45
Anderson, Cora Belle Reynolds, 638
Anderson, Eugenie Moore, 32–33, 192, 225
Anderson, Marian, 34–35, 146, 586
Anderson, Mary, 35–36, 476, 708
Andrews, Elizabeth (Leslie) Bullock, 36
Angelou, Maya, 36–37
Anthony, Susan B., 37–42, 77, 210, 422,
489, 555, 613, 636, 646, 649, 650, 662,
705, 721, 722, 740
Anti-Lynching Crusaders, 43, 472
Antilynching movement, xlii, 25, 31–32,
42–43, 45, 116, 146, 189, 300, 388,
470, 472, 479, 657, 662, 693–694
Antislavery societies. See Abolitionist
movement
Armstrong, Anne, 43–44, 349
Ashbrook, Jean Spencer, 44
Asian Americans, 557–558, 784
advocate for, 497
in public office, 442–444, 595, 638, 639
Association of Southern Women for the
Prevention of Lynching (ASWPL), 31,
43, 45–46
Association of Women Lawyers, 111
Athletic programs. See Education Amend-
ments, Title IX
Atkinson, Ti-Grace, 46–47, 62, 398, 442
AWSA. See American Woman Suffrage As-
sociation
Baca, Pauline (Polly), 49–50
Bachur v. Democratic National Committee,
50
Bailey, Consuelo Northrup, 639
Baker, Ella Josephine, 50–52, 147, 470
Baker, Irene, 53
Balch, Emily Greene, 53–54, 529, 714
Baldwin, Tammy, 54–55, 399
Banuelos, Romana, 55
Barnard, Catherine (Kate), 56–57
Barshefsky, Charlene, 57–58, 110
Bass, Charlotta Spears, 58–59, 542
Bates, Daisy Lee Gatson, xlii, 59–61, 147,
470
Battered women, 205–206, 448, 473
Battered Women’s Testimony Act (1992),
448
Bayh,Birch,240
Beal v. Doe, 61
Beauvoir, Simone de, 46, 61–62
Beecher, Catharine, 223
904 Index
Bellamy, Carol, 62
Belloti v. Baird, 63
Belmont, Alva, 63–64
Bentley, Helen Delich, 64–65
Berkley, Shelley, 65
Berry, Mary Frances, 66–67
Bethune, Mary McLeod, 68–71, 197, 327,
433, 470, 472, 479, 480
Biggert, Judith, 71
Birth control. See Contraception; Repro-
ductive rights
Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau,
599
Birth Control Federation of America, 536
Black Cabinet, 256
Black Panther Party, 97–98, 152
Blackwell, Alice Stone, 31, 72–73
Blackwell, Henry, 30, 41, 72
Blair, Emily Newell, 73–74, 191, 701
Blatch, Harriot Stanton, 31, 74–75, 170,
717
Blitch, Iris Faircloth, 76
Bloomer, Amelia, 38, 76–78, 635, 659
Bloor, Ella (Mother Bloor), 78, 162,
629–630
Boggs, Marie Corinne (Lindy), 78–80, 168,
233
Boland, Veronica Grace, 80
Bolton, Frances, 81, 236
Bona fide occupational qualification, 82,
87–88, 198–199, 206, 235, 690–691.
See also Employment discrimination
Bonney, Mary (Inshta Theumba, Bright
Eyes), 82–83, 387, 555
Bonnin, Gertrude Simmons (Zitkala-S
ˇ
a,
Red Bird), 83–86, 770
Bono, Mary, 86
Booze, Mary, 483
Bosone, Reva, 86–87, 638
Boston Women’s Health Clinic, 325
Bowe v. Colgate-Palmolive Company, 87–88
Bowers v. Hardwick, 88
Bowring, Eva Kelly, 88–89
Boxer, Barbara Levy, 89–91, 289
Boycotts, 182, 344–345, 453, 455, 470, 477,
486, 522, 621, 641, 717
Boyer, Elizabeth, 710
Bradwell, Myra, 91–92, 230, 403
Bradwell v. Illinois, 92–93, 230
Brady, Sarah, 93–94
Brandeis, Louis, 373, 458, 477–478
Bravo, Ellen, 94–95, 500
Bray v. Alexandria Clinic, 95
Breast and Cervical Cancer Mortality
Prevention Act (1990), 712
Breast cancer, 156, 166, 187, 276, 325, 448,
564, 619, 712, 728
mammograms for, 511, 564, 570, 712
Brent, Margaret, xxxix, 95–96
Brown, Corrine, 96–97
Brown, Elaine, 97–98, 148
Brown, Judie, 30, 99
Brown, Rita Mae, 99, 398, 558
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka,
Kansas, 452, 470, 557
Browner, Carol, 99–100, 110
Brownmiller, Susan, 561
Buchanan, Vera, 100
Bumpers, Betty, 122
Burdick, Jocelyn, 101
Burke, Yvonne Brathwaite, 19, 101–102,
199
Burroughs, Nannie, 483–484
Burton, Sala, 102–103, 530
Bush, Barbara, 103–104
Bush, George, 109, 254, 280, 425, 497, 625,
626
Bushfield, Vera Cahalan, 104
Business and Professional Women/USA
(BPW/USA), 104–106, 144, 174, 237,
242, 246, 543, 714
Byrne, Jane, 106
Byrne, Leslie, 106–107
Byron, Beverly, 107–108, 403
Byron, Katharine, 107, 108, 209
Cabinets, presidential, xxxvii, 109–111
Cable Acts (1922, 1930, 1931, 1934), 28,
105, 111, 394, 479, 519, 522, 560, 715
Caldicott, Helen, 112
California Federal Savings and Loan v.
Guerra, 112–113
Cammermeyer, Margrethe, 113–114
Campaign financing, 164, 552, 709
Campaign literature, 191, 197, 198
Campbell, Bonnie, 114–115, 135, 679
Cancer
cervical, 166, 443, 619, 712, 728
ovarian, 444
See also Breast cancer
Cannon, Martha Hughes, 637
Cantwell, Maria, 115
Capps, Lois, 115–116
Caraway, Hattie, 116–117
Carbine, Pat, 642
Carey v. Populations Services International,
117
Carpenter, Mary Elizabeth (Liz), 117–118,
474, 496
Carson, Julia, 118
Carson, Rachel Louise, 118–121
Carter, Jimmy, 11, 109, 155, 173, 194, 206,
243, 321, 345, 359, 380, 467, 475, 494,
516
Index 905
Carter, Rosalynn, 121–122
Cassedy, Ellen, 500
Catholic worker movement, 184
Catholics for a Free Choice (CFFC),
122–123, 382–383
Catt, Carrie Chapman, 75, 123–126, 211,
271, 393, 429, 467, 469, 527, 651, 652,
653, 714, 746
Celler, Emanuel, 239, 306, 337
Census reform, 432, 591
Center for the American Woman and Poli-
tics (CAWP), 126–127
Center for Women Policy Studies, 233
Chamber of Commerce, U.S., 236, 253
Chapman, Maria Weston, 133
Chávez, César, 343, 640, 824–831
Chavez, Linda, 127–128
Chavez-Thompson, Linda, 128–129, 832
Chenoweth, Helen, 129–130, 802
Chicanas. See Hispanic Americans
Child abuse, 204, 438, 456, 493
Child Abuse Act (1984), 438
Child custody, 38, 92, 176, 394, 399, 635
Child day care, xlii, xliii, 130–131, 658,
661, 727–728
legislation on, 184, 219
support for, 479, 484, 496, 501, 544, 710
Child guardianship. See Child custody
Child health, 1–2, 105, 570, 615–616, 683
legislation on, 615–616
support for, 136, 137, 138, 394, 508
Child Labor Amendment, 105, 131–132,
419–420, 631, 715
Child labor reform, 56, 291, 372, 373,
392–393, 476, 477, 478, 507, 550, 683
legislation on, 1, 131–132, 136, 507, 531
Child, Lydia Maria, 4, 132–133
Child poverty, 532
Child Support Amendments (1984), 219
Child support enforcement, xliv, 114, 118,
133–135, 219, 266, 532, 588
Child welfare, 16, 135–138, 142, 220,
227–228, 373, 392, 471, 532, 559, 588,
612, 821
legislation on, 253–254, 532, 692–693
Children’s Bill of Rights, 707
Children’s Bureau, 1–2, 135–137, 372, 373,
392, 477, 616, 683
Children’s Defense Fund (CDF), 130,
137–138, 220, 532, 808
Children’s Health Insurance Program, 612
Chinese Americans, 557
Chisholm, Shirley, 138–140, 163, 189, 193,
239, 487, 496, 542, 749, 758
Christensen, Donna. See Christian-Green,
Donna
Christian Coalition, 141
Christian conservatism, 141, 162–163,
172–173
Christian-Green, Donna, 141
Church, Marguerite Stitt, 142
Citizens’ Advisory Council on the Status
of Women (CACSW), 142–143, 161,
216, 251, 544, 545
Citizens Party, 321, 542
Citizenship laws, xli, 111, 177, 291,
387–388, 520, 560
Citizenship schools, 150, 394
Civil liberties, 29, 217
Civil Rights Act (1957), 368, 470, 479, 546
Civil Rights Act (1964), xlii, 105, 143–145,
189, 470, 479
Civil Rights Act (1964), Title VII, xlii, 19,
143–145, 244
inclusion of sex in language of, 305,
461, 621
military preferences in, 678
See also Equal Employment Opportu-
nity Commission; Pregnancy dis-
crimination; Sex discrimination; Sex-
ual harassment
Civil Rights Act (1991), 145–146, 168, 232,
234, 294, 501, 547
Civil Rights Commission, 546
Civil rights movement, xlii, 23, 34–35,
36–37, 146–148, 220, 249–250, 400,
479, 480
for homosexuals, 399, 791, 819
opposition to, 684
organizational support for, 97–98,
188–189, 469–471, 479, 480, 716–717,
727
participants in 1930s–1940s, 23, 25–26,
34–35, 50–52, 58, 68–71, 149–150,
388–389, 451–453, 470, 522–523,
584–586, 660–663
participants in 1950s–1980s, 36–37, 49,
59–61, 66–67, 97–98, 182–184,
219–221, 249–250, 309–311, 314–317,
326–328, 347–348, 362–366, 375–376,
378–379, 379–380, 451–453, 459–461,
470, 522–523, 580–581, 610, 626,
660–663
See also Affirmative action; Civil Rights
acts; Desegregation; Voting Rights Act
(1965)
Civil Rights Restoration Act (1988),
148–149, 168, 223, 309
Civil Rights, U.S. Commission on, 244
Clarenbach, Karen, 484
Clark Gray, Georgia Neese, 149, 192, 225
Clark, Septima, 149–150
Clarke, Miriam Williams, 150–151
Clayton, Eva McPherson, 151, 229
906 Index
Cleaver, Kathleen Neal, 148, 152
Clessingham, Clara, 637, 638
Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur,
152–153
Clinton, Bill, 7, 8, 109, 227, 253, 254, 310,
320, 328, 399, 425, 462, 593
Clinton, Hillary Rodham, 153–154
Clinton v. Jones, 154
Club from Nowhere (CFN), 147
Coalition for Women’s Appointments
(CWA), 155
Coalition of Labor Union Women
(CLUW), 113, 155, 383, 414, 415, 528
Coe, Louise Holland, 639
Colautti v. Franklin, 156
Collins, Barbara-Rose, 156–157
Collins, Cardiss, 157–158
Collins, Martha Layne, 158, 297
Collins, Susan, 158–159, 289, 703
Colom, Audrey Rowe, 474
Colored Women’s League (CWL),
159–160, 290, 481, 592, 661
Comisión Femenil Mexicana Nacional,
Inc., 160
Commission on the Legal Status of
Women, 476
Commissions on the status of women,
160–161, 216, 250–251, 472, 474, 476,
542–545
Committee for the Free World, 185
Common Cause, 242
Communist conspiracy, 631–632, 640, 715
Communist Party, USA, 78, 161–162, 273,
542
Community Service Organization (CSO),
343
Comparable worth. See under Pay equity
Comprehensive Education and Training
Act (1978), 101, 199
Comstock law (1873), 195, 324, 536, 597,
598, 599
Concerned Women for America (CWA),
162–163, 264, 529
Congress, women in, xxx–xxxiv, xliii, 90,
163–167, 171, 423, 725
Congressional Caucus for Women’s Issues
(CCWI), 11, 134, 154, 166, 167–168,
325, 326, 338, 340, 448, 604, 628, 711,
712, 716
Congressional Children’s Caucus, 355
Congressional Union (CU), 64, 125,
169–171, 217, 468, 490, 526, 651, 705,
718
Congressional Workplace Compliance Act
(1995), 168, 171
Congresswomen’s Caucus. See Congres-
sional Caucus for Women’s Issues
Consciousness raising, 172, 457, 641, 715
Conservatism, 172–173, 185, 215,
241–242, 264–265, 351, 529, 574. See
also Christian conservatism
Constitution, U.S., Barbara Jordan on,
363–364
Consumer Credit Protection Act (1968),
654
Consumer interests, 476–478, 534, 654
Consumer Protection Agency, 213
Contraception, access to, 5, 117, 195–196,
295–296, 308–309, 324, 536–537,
597–599
opposition to, 30, 99
oral, 324–325
See also Comstock Law; Reproductive
rights
Corning Glass Works v. Brennan, 173
Corrections. See Prison reform
Costanza, Margaret (Midge), 173–174
Council of Presidents, 174–175
Council on Interracial Cooperation (CIC),
32
County of Washington, Oregon v. Gunther,
175, 231
Court rulings. See Lower court rulings;
Supreme Court
Coverture, xl, 91, 175–177. See also
Marriage laws
Craig, Minnie D., 638
Craig v. Boren, 177, 293
Credit, access to, 79, 233–234, 654, 690,
711
Criminal justice. See Prison reform
Crisp, Mary Dent, 177–178, 574
Croly, Jane, 178, 290
Cuban Americans, 586–587
Cubin, Barbara, 178–179
Custody rights. See Child custody
Cutler, Lynn, 194
Danner, Patsy Ann, 181
Daughters of the American Revolution
(DAR), 34, 135, 146, 586, 705
Daughters of Bilitis (DOB), 181–182, 398,
410, 422
Daughters of Liberty, xxxix, 182
Davis, Angela, 162, 182–184
Day Care Council of America (DCC), 184
Day, Dorothy, 184–185, 630
De Ortiz y Pino, Concha, 638
Deadbeat Parents Punishment Act (1998),
xliv, 135
Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
(1848). See Seneca Falls Convention
Decter, Midge, 185
Deer, Ada, 186–187, 779
Index 907
Defense Advisory Committee on Women
in the Services (DACOWITS), 439
DeGette, Diana, 187
DeLauro, Rosa, 187–188
Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, 23, 188–189,
327
Democratic Party, 189–195, 197–198, 506,
552
on abortion, 8, 193, 194
African Americans in, 52, 101, 192, 256,
316–317, 328
Democratic National Committee
(DNC), 73, 189, 192, 193, 407,
694–695
Equal Division rule in, 50, 192–194
financing campaigns in, 229–230, 552
national conventions of, 15, 50, 189,
191–193, 194, 198, 316–317, 496
and suffrage movement, 125, 170, 526,
651
Women’s Division (DNC) in, 73, 189,
191, 192, 194, 196, 197, 198, 225, 226
Democratic Women’s Task Force, 194
Dennett, Mary Ware, 195–196, 324, 614
DES (diethylstilbestrol), 166, 443, 619
Desegregation
bus, 147, 717
public accomodations, 23, 143, 546,
662–663
school, 59–61, 147, 452, 470
Dewson, Mary (Molly), 191, 192, 196–198,
506, 530, 585
Diaz v. Pan American World Airways, Inc.,
198–199
Disabilities, 234, 493, 620
Displaced Homemaker Network, 199
Displaced homemakers, xlii, 101, 199–200,
508, 707–708
Displaced Homemakers Self-Sufficiency
Assistance Act (1990), 200, 708
Divorce law reform, 176, 200, 266, 366,
428, 513, 519, 606, 635, 639, 711
Dix, Dorothea, 200–201, 438
Doe v. Bolton, 201–202, 582
Dole, Elizabeth Hanford, 109, 110,
202–204, 760
Domestic employment, 138, 140, 433, 471
Domestic violence, xlii, 90, 114, 204–206,
422, 437, 473, 493, 679
Domestic Violence, Office of, 206
Dothard v. Rawlinson, 206–207, 231
Douglas, Emily, 207
Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 207–209
Douglass, Frederick, 209–210, 721
Dress reform, 77
Drug abuse prevention, 563
Duniway, Abigail, 170, 210
Dunn, Jennifer, 211–212, 767
Dworkin, Andrea, 212–213, 413–414, 539
Dwyer, Florence, 213–214, 546
Eagle Forum, 215–216, 264, 602
East, Catherine, 216, 484
Eastman, Crystal, 217–218
Echaveste, Maria, 218–219
Economic equity, 28, 168, 291–292, 417,
496. See also Pay equity
Economic Equity Act (1981), 168, 219,
604, 628
Edelman, Marian Wright, 137, 147,
219–221, 813
Education, xl, xliii, 68, 149–150, 223–224,
286, 330–331, 340, 345, 385, 543–544
legislation on, 101, 709–710
organizational support for, 27–29, 141,
162, 215
See also Citizenship schools; Displaced
homemakers; Education Amend-
ments, Title IX; Nontraditional occu-
pations
Education Amendments (1972), Title IX,
105, 148–149, 221–223, 224, 244, 309,
395, 608
Edwards, Elaine, 224
Edwards, India, 192, 225–226
EEOC. See Equal Employment Opportu-
nity Commission
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 17, 35, 109, 236,
289, 548, 572
Eisenhuth, Laura J., 56, 226, 551
Eisenstadt v. Baird, 226, 537
Elder care. See Aging
Elders, Joycelyn, 227–228
Elect Women for a Change, 353
Emerson, Jo Ann, 228
EMILY’s List, 164, 188, 229–230, 415–416,
552
Employment
comp time in, 462–463
executive orders on, 250–252
federal, 250–252, 257–258, 715
job training for, 706, 707–708
part-time, 501
See also Displaced homemakers; Em-
ployment discrimination; Nontradi-
tional occupations; Work hours;
Workplace conditions
Employment discrimination, 230–232.
See also Sex discrimination
English, Karan, 232–233
Environmental protection, 12, 99–100,
118–121, 357, 388
Equal Credit Opportunity Act (1974), 28,
79, 105, 233, 244, 608
908 Index