Salby M.L. Fundamentals of Atmospheric Physics

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Fundamentals of Atmospheric Physics

This is Volume 61 in the

INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICS SERIES

A series of monographs and textbooks

Edited by RENATA DMOWSKA and JAMES R. HOLTON

A complete list of books in this series appears at the end of this volume.

Fundamentals of Atmospheric Physics

Murry L. Salby

CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC THEORY AND ANALYSIS

UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO

BOULDER, COLORADO

ACADEMIC PRESS

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Salby, Murry L.

Fundamentals of Atmospheric Physics / Murry L. Salby.

p. cm. -- (International geophysics series : v. 61)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN-13:978-0-12-615160-2 ISBN-10:0-12-615160-1

1. Atmospheric Physics. I. Title. II. Series.

QC861861.2S25 1995 95-15419

551.5--dc20

ISBN-13:978-0-12-615160-2

ISBN-10:0-12-615160-1

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

06 MM 9 8 7

DEDICATED TO HARRY

To the resolve you maintained in the face of adversity,

To the quiet wisdom you gave us.

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The most fruitful areas for growth of the sciences are those

between established fields. Science has been increasingly

the task of specialists, in fields which show a tendency to

grow progressively narrower. Important work is delayed

by the unavailability in one field of results that may have

already become classical in the next field. It is these

boundary regions of science that offer the richest

opportunities to the qualified investigator.

NORBERT WIENER

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Contents

Preface

xvii

Chapter 1 A Global View

1.1 Introduction to the Atmosphere

1.1.1 Descriptions of Atmospheric Behavior

1.1.2 Mechanisms Influencing Atmospheric Behavior

1.2 Composition and Structure

1.2.1 Description of Air

1.2.2 Stratification of Mass

1.2.3 Thermal and Dynamical Structure

1.2.4 Trace Constituents

Carbon Dioxide

Water Vapor

Ozone

Methane

Chlorofluorocarbons

Nitrogen Compounds

Atmospheric Aerosol

1.2.5 Clouds

1.3 Radiative Equilibrium of the Planet

1.4 The Global Energy Budget

1.4.1 Global-Mean Energy Balance

1.4.2 Horizontal Distribution of Radiative Transfer

1.5 The General Circulation