ǬȖȌȈȚȒȐ
511
ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɱɚ, ɫɟɪɜɿɪɭɸɬɶ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɦɢ ɫɨɥɨɦɢɧɤɚɦɢ. ɇɢɠɱɟ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɧɚ-
ɡɜɢ ɡɦɿɲɚɧɢɯ ɧɚɩɨʀɜ: ɚɩɪɿɤɨɬ ɤɨɛɥɟɪ (ɥɿɤɟɪ/ɚɩɪɿɤɨɬ Brandi), ɩɨɥɭɧɢɱɧɢɣ ɤɨɛɥɟɪ (ɩɨɥɭ-
ɧɢɱɧɢɣ ɥɿɤɟɪ ɱɢ ɫɢɪɨɩ).
Ʉɨɤɬɟɣɥɶ (cocktail) — ɧɚɡɜɚ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɡɦɿɲɚɧɢɯ ɧɚɩɨʀɜ, ɹɤɿ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɶ
ɫɨɛɨɸ ɤɨɦɛɿɧɚɰɿɸ ɧɚɣɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɿɲɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ. Ȼɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɿ ɬɚ ɛɟɡɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɿ
ɤɨɤɬɟɣɥɿ. ɋɥɨɜɨ «ɤɨɤɬɟɣɥɶ» ɡ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɦɨɜɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ «ɩɿɜɧɹɱɢɣ
ɯɜɿɫɬ». ɇɚ-
ɡɜɚ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɚ ɡ ɩɿɫɬɪɹɜɢɦ, ɹɫɤɪɚɜɢɦ ɤɨɥɶɨɪɨɦ ɰɢɯ ɧɚɩɨʀɜ. Ȼɚɬɶɤɿɜɳɢɧɨɸ ɤɨɤɬɟɣɥɸ ɜɜɚ-
ɠɚɸɬɶ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɭ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɭ.
Ʉɨɤɬɟɣɥɿ-ɚɩɟɪɢɬɢɜɢ — ɨɛɿɞɧɿ ɤɨɤɬɟɣɥɿ (pre-dinner-cocktails) — ɰɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɝɪɭɩɚ
ɤɨɤɬɟɣɥɿɜ, ɹɤɿ, ɹɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɽ ɫɭɯɢɦɢ. Ȳɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɸ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɸ ɽ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɦɿɰɧɨ-
ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɢɯ ɱɢ ɛɟɡɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɢɯ ɧɚɩɨʀɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɟɪɦɭɬɿɜ, ɛɿɬɟɪɫɿɜ ɬɚ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜɢɯ ɫɨɤɿɜ.
ɉɨɞɚɸɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ʀɠɟɸ
ɞɥɹ ɡɛɭɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɩɟɬɢɬɭ.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɿɡ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɤɨɤɬɟɣɥɿɜ-ɚɩɟɪɢɬɢɜɿɜ ɽ Martini-cocktail. Ʉɨɤɬɟɣɥɿ-ɚɩɟɪɢɬɢɜɢ ɧɚ ɨɫ-
ɧɨɜɿ ɜɿɫɤɿ (Manhattan, Old-Fashioned, Rob Roy), ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɞɠɢɧɚ (Bronx, Gibson, Negroni,
Pink Lady), ɝɨɪɿɥɤɢ (Blue Lagoon, Vodkatini), ɪɨɦɭ (Bacardi — cocktail, Daaiquiri), ɤɨɧɶɹ-
ɤɭ (Side cat, Between the Sheets), ɬɟɤɿɥɢ (Margarita).
Ʉɨɤɬɟɣɥɿ-ɚɩɟɪɢɬɢɜɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɬɢɫɹ ɱɨɬɢɪɦɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ: ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɭ
ɫɤɥɹɧɰɿ ɝɨɫɬɹ, ɭ ɫɤɥɹɧɰɿ ɞɥɹ ɡɦɿɲɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɲɟɣɤɟɪɿ, ɦɿɤɫɟɪɿ ɚɛɨ ɛɥɟɧɞɟɪɿ.
ɉɿɫɥɹɨɛɿɞɧɿ ɤɨɤɬɟɣɥɿ (after-dinner-cocktails) — ɰɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɝɪɭɩɚ ɫɨɥɨɞɤɢɯ ɤɨɤɬɟɣ-
ɥɿɜ, ɹɤɿ
ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɬɪɚɩɟɡɢ. Ⱦɨ ʀɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɜɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɛɪɟɧɞɿ ɚɛɨ ɤɨɧɶɹɤ, ɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ
ɥɿɤɟɪɿɜ, ɫɢɪɨɩɿɜ, ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜɢɯ ɫɨɤɿɜ, ɜɟɪɲɤɿɜ. Ɍɚɤɿ ɤɨɤɬɟɣɥɿ ɱɚɫɬɿɲɟ ɡɚ ɜɫɟ ɝɨɬɭɸɬɶ ɭ ɲɟɣ-
ɤɟɪɿ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶ ɜ ɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɤɨɤɬɟɣɥɶɧɢɯ ɱɚɪɤɚɯ. əɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ʀɯ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɬɚɤɢɣ: 1/3 —
ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɿ ɧɚɩɨʀ ɚɛɨ ɥɿɤɟɪ, 1/3 — ɥɿɤɟɪ, 1/3 — ɜɟɪɲɤɢ.
ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞ: Alexander (ɤɨɧɶɹɤ), Golden Cadillac (ɥɿɤɟɪ Galliano), Grasshopper (ɦ’ɹɬɧɢɣ
ɥɿɤɟɪ ɬɚ
ɥɿɤɟɪ ɤɚɤɚɨ), B52 (ɥɿɤɟɪ kahlna, Barley’s, Grand Marni).
Ʉɨɤɬɟɣɥɿ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ ɲɚɦɩɚɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɿɝɪɢɫɬɢɯ ɜɢɧ
Ⱦɚɧɚ ɤɨɤɬɟɣɥɶɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɚ ɧɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɝɪɭɩɢ «Long drinks» (ɞɨɜɝɿ ɡɦɿɲɚɧɿ ɧɚɩɨʀ).
Ɉɤɪɿɦ ɿɝɪɢɫɬɢɯ ɜɢɧ, ɜɨɧɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɢ ɦɿɰɧɿ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɿ ɧɚɩɨʀ, ɥɿɤɟɪɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɮɪɭ-
ɤɬɨɜɿ ɫɨɤɢ. ɉɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɯɨɥɨɞɠɟɧɢɦɢ ɜ ɛɨɤɚɥɿ ɚɛɨ ɜɚɡɨɱɰɿ ɞɥɹ ɲɚɦɩɚɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ.
ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞ: Ʉɿɩ ɪɨɹɥɶ (ɫɦɨɪɨɞɢɧɨɜɢɣ ɥɿɤɟɪ, ɲɚɦɩɚɧɫɶɤɟ), Ɏɪɚɧɰɭɚɡ Ɋɨɹɥ (ɦɚɥɢɧɨɜɢɣ
ɥɿɤɟɪ, ɲɚɦɩɚɧɫɶɤɟ), ɒɚɦɩɚɧɫɶɤɟ — ɤɨɤɬɟɣɥɶ ȱȱ (ɤɨɧɶɹɤ, ɲɚɦɩɚɧɫɶɤɟ), Ⱥɣ ȼɿ ɍ (ɤɨɧɶɹɤ),
ɉɪɢɧɰ ɍɟɥɶɫɶɤɢɣ (ɥɿɤɟɪ Grand Marni).
Ʉɨɥɿɧɡɢ, ɤɭɥɟɪɢ — ɰɟ ɤɨɤɬɟɣɥɿ, ɹɤɿ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɞɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɨʀ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɞɨɜɝɢɯ ɡɦɿɲɚɧɢɯ ɧɚ-
ɩɨʀɜ, ɳɨ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ, ɹɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɭ ɥɿɬɧɸ ɩɨɪɭ ɪɨɤɭ. Ʉɨɥɿɧɡɢ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɥɢ ɧɚɡɜɭ ɜɿɞ ɿɦɟɧɿ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɿɡ ɛɚɪɦɟɧɿɜ, ɹɤɢɣ ɩɨɱɚɜ ʀɯ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɬɢ. Ɍɚɤɿ ɤɨɤɬɟɣɥɿ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶ
ɭ ɜɢɫɨɤɢɯ ɫɤɥɹɧ-
ɤɚɯ (Collinsglas).
ɋɤɥɹɧɤɭ ɤɨɥɿɧɡ ɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɸɬɶ ɧɚ ¾ ɤɭɛɢɤɚɦɢ ɥɶɨɞɭ, ɞɨɞɚɸɬɶ 40–50 ɦɥ ɦɿɰɧɨ-
ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɸ, 25–30 ɦɥ ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɭ ɬɚ ɞɜɚ ɤɭɛɢɤɢ ɰɭɤɪɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɨɞɢɧ ɞɟɲ
ɚɧɝɨɫɬɭɪɢ ɬɚ ɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɭ ɜɨɞɭ ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɱɚ. ɉɪɢɤɪɚɲɚɸɬɶ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɤɨɤɬɟɣɥɶɧɢɦɢ
ɜɢɲɧɹɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɤɪɭɝɥɹɲɤɨɦ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶ ɿɡ ɫɨɥɨɦɢɧɤɨɸ.
ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞ: Tohn Collins (Genever — ɝɨɥɥɚɧɞɫɶɤɢɣ ɦɿɰɧɨ-ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɢɣ ɧɚɩɿɣ), Tom
Collins (Gin) Brandy Collins (Brandy/ɤɨɧɶɹɤ
).
Ʉɭɥɟɪɢ (coolers)
Ʉɭɥɟɪɢ ɩɨɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɫɥɨɜɚ coll — ɯɨɥɨɞɧɢɣ ɿ ɫɯɨɠɿ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɿɡ ɤɨɥɿɧɡɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ: 2 ɤɭɛɢɤɢ ɰɭɤɪɭ, 1 ɞɟɲ ɚɧɝɨɫɬɭɪɚ, ɝɚɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɜɨɞɚ (ɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɱ), ɩɪɢɤ-
ɪɚɫɢ: 2 ɜɢɲɧɿ, ɲɦɚɬɨɱɨɤ ɥɢɦɨɧɚ. ɍ ɫɤɥɹɧɤɭ «ɤɨɥɿɧɡ» ɧɚ ¾ ɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɸɬɶ ɬɨɜɱɟɧɢɦ ɥɶɨ-
ɞɨɦ, 3 ɛɚɪɧɿ ɥɨɠɤɢ ɰɭɤɪɭ, 1 ɞɟɲ Ⱥɧɝɨɫɬɭɪɢ — ɛɿɬɟɪ, 25—30 ɦɥ ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɭ, 40—50 ɦɥ
ɦɿɰɧɨ-ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɨɸ ɬɚ ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ
ɧɚɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɱɚ Ⱦɠɢɧɠɟɪ, ɚɥɟ ɩɪɢɤɪɚɲɚɸɬɶ ɮɪɭɤɬɚ-
ɦɢ ɬɚ ɞɨɞɚɸɬɶ ɫɨɥɨɦɢɧɤɭ.
ɉɪɢɤɥɚɞ: Apricot Lemon Cooler (ɥɿɤɟɪ «Ⱥɛɪɢɤɨɫɨɜɢɣ Ȼɪɟɧɞɿ»), Canadian Cooler (ȼɿɫ-
ɤɿ ɤɚɧɚɞɫɶɤɿ), Caribbican Cooler (ɪɨɦ / ɫɜɿɬɥɢɣ).