Potter David. Henry VIII and Francis I
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480 conclusion
Picardy but then, in May 1547, the Emperor’s defeat of the Elector of
Saxony at Mühlberg seemed to overthrow the whole central European
power structure. e French were more than ever fearful of Charles V’s
monarchia and restraint had to be placed on the escalating conict with
the English. It seems, too, that the return of the Constable to power had
some eect. e relaxation of tension brought about new possibilities
and we know that when Coligny, as colonel-general of the infantry, vis-
ited the frontier places in May and June, he surveyed the Boulonnais and
had talks with Grey and Bridges at Boulogne.
72
Coligny even oered to
demolish Fiennes castle, an oer which was declined in favour of French
evacuation.
73
In August, the king visited the frontier in person, reaching
Ardres and érouanne on 24th and 25th, but with no hint of planned
aggression and by October Nicholas Wotton had managed to negotiate
an agreement with France to settle depredation disputes and restore full
commercial intercourse.
74
For the moment, it looked as though some
stability had been achieved, but the English triumph in Scotland again
upset the whole agreement. From late 1547, Henri II was being pressed
increasingly to aid to defeated Scots and this inevitably dragged rela-
tions with England down with it. e commencement of war was thus
only a matter of time, though for a number of reasons it was delayed for
another 18 months.
75
e last act of our story takes place in Saint Paul’s Cathedral in
London on 19 June 1547. Just as Henry’s death had been marked at
Paris by a solemn requiem mass, so in London on that date solemn ves-
pers for the dead were held for Francis, involving a ‘sumptuous herse,’
200 torchbearers, archbishops, bishops, six lords as chief mourners and
the foreign ambassadors, the mayor and aldermen in their liveries. Selve
described it as done with solemnity ‘as great or greater than anything
ever done in such cases in this country.’ e following day Archbishop
Cranmer celebrated the requiem mass in ponticals and the bishop of
Rochester gave the eulogy, praising (by stretching the truth somewhat)
72
Instruction to Coligny for negotiations, AE, CP Angleterre VIII, fos. 91–92; ‘Cy
ensuyt la visitation que les srs. de Chastillon et d’Estrees ont faicte’ BnF, fr. 6637, fos.
293–294; Grey to Somerset, 6 May 1547, Calais Papers, 129; Council to Bridges, 20
June 1547, APC II, 510–511 (Instructions for negotiations with Estrées).
73
Council to Bridges, 23 Dec. 1547.
74
Cobham to Schets, 17 Aug. 1547, BL Harl. 288, fo. 91.
75
Cobham to Adrien de Croy, Oct. 1547, BL Harl. 288 fo. 95v: aer the defeat of
the Scots ‘nous vivons icy plus paisiblement avec les Francoys’ proved an optimistic
view.
the end of two reigns 481
Francis I’s setting forth of the Bible in French, establishing the equiv-
alence of his piety with that of Henry VIII. e Scottish ambassador
excused himself on the argument that his colleague in France had not
been invited to the ceremony for Henry VIII in Paris.
76
It was at least a
tting end to a relationship which had shaped Anglo-French relations
for the best part of 40 years, had seen heights of display and rivalry and
depths of betrayal and destruction; one which had nally culminated
in a conict of massive proportions which was to shape the histories of
both countries for years to come.
76
Wriothesley, Chronicle, p. 184 gives the date as 29 June. is is corrected by Selve
to Henri II, 22 June 1547, Lefèvre-Pontalis, no. 178.
APPENDICES
APPENDIX ONE
THE BATTLE (1544)
‘e names of such persones with ther nombre apppoyted to go in the
Kinges Majesties batail.’
Hateld House, Cecil MSS, 201, fos. 7–17.
Category Horse Foot
Council 974 (1034) 3716 (2240)
1
Privy Chamber 494 (488) 2048 (2140)
Chamber 895 (922) 1696 (1553)
Household 58 (74) 269 (349)
Stable 181 (182) 158 (189)
Pensioners 484 (385) 660 (674)
Shires 224 (123) 1265 (---)
TOTALS 3159 9688*
*Numbers made up by the following:
Calais 300
Miners 200
Irish kerne 200
Brewers and bakers 235
Men for victuals 119
Men to attend to K’s carriages 1000
Men of all sorts, ordnance 1000
Carters for victuals 1000
1
Figures in brackets for cavalry and combined archers and billmen in L&P, XIX,
i, 275.
APPENDIX TWO
PLANNING FOR WALLOP’S ARMY, 1543
L&P XVIII, i, 843.
Horse Foot
Gentlemen
Cheyney 118 500
Wallop 20 100
T. Semour 30 100
T. Darcy 200
R. Cromwell 12 100
A. Darcy 20 70
R. Raynsforth 100
J. St. John 100
H. Staord, jun 100
E. Baynton 10 100
W. Parr 100
J. Gascoigne 40
G. Carewe 6 10
J. Wellesbourne 100
G. Harper 30
J. Berkeley 10
W. Staord 100
Dr. Lee [50]+
E. Rogers 10
W. Herbert 10
Fauconbridge 2
E. Ellerton 10
T. Culpeper 10 10
E. Warner 6
Devereux 4 4
Gawyn Carew 4 4
N. Arnolde 3 4
W. Calawaye 2 4
H. Markham 4 4
F. Knolles 4 4
R. Phane 30 10
T. Palmer 7 4
E. Vaughan
H. Wingfelde
W. Blunt 4 4
appendices 487
J. Granado 2 2
R. Bowes 100 15
TOTALS 400 (390) 1967
Shires
Kent 10 377
Sussex 255
Essex 333
Hants 60
Suolk 97
Surrey 228
Middlesex 58
Berkshire 180
Hertford 109
Cambridge 106
Oxford 200
London 100
Peter Mewtas 200
Pioneers at Guînes 100
Totals 10 2403
400 4370 (4400)
APPENDIX THREE
THE FLEET FOR SCOTLAND, 1544
NA SP1/185, fos. 192–195. (L&P XIX, i, 355) “[e] army by sea into
Scotland.” 18 April 1544.
“A [book] conteyning the numbres of ma[riners] in every ship
appointed to[recei]ve in men, with a calcul[ation how] many men
eche ship is ord[ered to] transporte besides the said mariners.”
[Giving in columns the names of the ships, numbers of mariners,
numbers of “men to be taken in” and totals.]
e names of the ships are: –
“Out of the port of London.” –
e Mary Grace of Lee 12 68 80
Mary John of Calais 14 66 80
Mary John of London 11 69 80
James of Blakney 14 66 80
Trinite of Alisford 10 70 80
Flee of Anserdan 7 73 80
John of Maldon 7 73 80
Mary of Calais 7 33 40
James of Hadley 7 33 40
Michel 12 48 60
Anthony of Dordrigh 6 54 60
Edwarde of Hampton 13 57 70
James of Fowye 12 58 70
Trinite of Barkinge 13 37 50
Esel of Armewe 6 44 50
Cuthbert Lawson 12 88 100
Anne of Antwerp 12 88 100
Mary of Antwerp 10 90 100
Mawdelyn of Antwerp 10 90 100
George Goldesmyth 21 99 120
George of Antwerp 14 106 120
Christopher Hunte 17 103 120
George of Hamborough 20 130 150
Mary of Hamborough 19 131 150
Gryyn of Hamborough 20 160 180
Bartilmewe of Hamborough 40 200 240
appendices 489
Raven of Lubeck 30 210 240
Swanne of Hamborough 40 320 360
[Total 2040]
“Out of the port of Ipswiche.” –
e James 32 118 150
Osee 28 116 140
Mary 8 42 50
James (sic) 20 42 150
Mary Fortune 16 54 80
Marlyn 18 82 100
Peter 14 66 80
Christopher of Simon “Bl.,” 10 50 60
Anne Fraunces 8 32 40
Kateryn 10 40 50
Christopher of Alexander “Sq.,” 10 40 50
Mary James 10 50 60
Andrewe 8 32 40
Trinite 10 50 60
Marlyon 12 68 80
omas 10 50 60
Peter of George Copinge 8 32 40
Peter of John Momforde 14 66 80
John Evangelist 12 68 80
Jesus 10 50 60
John 18 82 100
omas of Wm. Barkers 20 100 120
Mathewe 10 50 60
Nicholas of Wm. Dryver 8 32 40
Cicely 12 58 70
Nicholas 12 68 80
George 6 34 40
James 16 64 100 (sic)
Edwarde 10 40 50
Michel 12 58 70
omas of omas Smyth 12 58 70
Kateryn 12 68 80
Julyane + 6 34 40
“Out of the port of Yermouthe.” –
e John Evangelist 22 98 120
Mary Grace 18 82 100
Anne Frances + 12 58 70
Mary 10 50 60
Wyllyam 10 50 60
James 12 58 70
Anne 20 100 120