Омельченко С.Р., Омельченко Т.Н. Учимся говорить по-русски

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ÌÈÍÈÑÒÅÐÑÒÂÎ ÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈß

ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÎÉ ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈÈ

ÂÎËÃÎÃÐÀÄÑÊÈÉ ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÓÍÈÂÅÐÑÈÒÅÒ

Ñ.Ð. ÎÌÅËÜ×ÅÍÊÎ, Ò.Í. ÎÌÅËÜ×ÅÍÊÎ

Ó×ÈÌÑß ÃÎÂÎÐÈÒÜ ÏÎ-ÐÓÑÑÊÈ

Ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå ïî ðàçâèòèþ ðå÷è

äëÿ ñòàæåðîâ-èíîñòðàíöåâ

Âîëãîãðàä 1999

ÁÁÊ 81.411.2-96

Î57

Ðåöåíçåíòû: êàíä. ôèëîë. íàóê, äîö. Ë.Â. Ñàëàçíèêîâà,

êàíä. ôèëîë. íàóê, äîö. Ñ.Ï. Êóøíåðóê

Ïå÷àòàåòñÿ ïî ðåøåíèþ

áèáëèîòå÷íî-èçäàòåëüñêîãî ñîâåòà ÂîëÃÓ

Îìåëü÷åíêî Ñ.Ð., Îìåëü÷åíêî Ò.Í.

Ó÷èìñÿ ãîâîðèòü ïî-ðóññêè: Ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå ïî ðàç-

âèòèþ ðå÷è äëÿ ñòàæåðîâ-èíîñòðàíöåâ.— Âîëãîãðàä: Èçä-âî

ÂîëÃÓ, 1999. — 144 ñ.

ISBN 5-85534-265-4

Ïîñîáèå ïî ðàçâèòèþ ðå÷è ïðåäíàçíà÷åíî äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ-

èíîñòðàíöåâ ïðîäâèíóòîãî óðîâíÿ îáó÷åíèÿ, ïðèåçæàþùèõ â Âîë-

ãîãðàä íà êðàòêîñðî÷íûå êóðñû ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà.

Â êíèãó âêëþ÷åíû ñîöèîêóëüòóðíûå òåêñòû, ñîäåðæàùèå

èíôîðìàöèþ î ðàçíûõ ñôåðàõ ïîâñåäíåâíîãî îáùåíèÿ. Ñëîâà è

âûðàæåíèÿ íà ðóññêîì è àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêàõ, ñîñòàâëÿþùèå ëåê-

ñèêî-ãðàììàòè÷åñêèé ìàòåðèàë òåìû, à òàêæå ñèñòåìà äèàëîãîâ

è óïðàæíåíèé äàíû ñ ó÷åòîì êîììóíèêàòèâíîãî ïðèíöèïà. Äëÿ

êîíòðîëÿ ââåäåííîãî ìàòåðèàëà ïîñëå êàæäîé òåìû ïðåäëîæå-

íû òåñòû.

ISBN 5-85534-265-4

Ò.Í. Îìåëü÷åíêî, 1999

ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà, 1999

Î57

Ñîäåðæàíèå

Ïðåäèñëîâèå.................................................................................4

Òåìà 1. Äàâàé(-òå) ïîçíàêîìèìñÿ.................................................5

Óðîê 1. Ðàññêàæè(-òå) î ñåáå................................................5

Óðîê 2. Ãäå âû ó÷èòåñü?.......................................................10

Óðîê 3. Ðàññêàæè(-òå) î ñâîåé ñåìüå...................................17

Òåìà 2. Ãäå ìû æèâåì?................................................................26

Óðîê 1. Ãîñòèíèöà è îáùåæèòèå..........................................26

Óðîê 2. Äîì è êâàðòèðà.......................................................34

Òåìà 3. Ãîðîä.............................................................................41

Óðîê 1. Ãäå ÷òî íàõîäèòñÿ?....................................................41

Óðîê 2. Äîñòîïðèìå÷àòåëüíîñòè...........................................47

Òåìà 4. Ñðåäñòâà ïåðåäâèæåíèÿ...................................................55

Óðîê 1. Ãîðîäñêîé òðàíñïîðò...............................................55

Óðîê 2. Êàê äîáðàòüñÿ?........................................................61

Òåìà 5. Ìàãàçèí.........................................................................67

Óðîê 1. ×òî ãäå ìîæíî êóïèòü?............................................67

Óðîê 2. Â ïðîäîâîëüñòâåííîì ìàãàçèíå...............................74

Óðîê 3. Â ïðîìòîâàðíîì ìàãàçèíå.......................................81

Òåìà 6. Ïèòàíèå.........................................................................88

Óðîê 1. Çàâòðàê, îáåä, óæèí...............................................88

Óðîê 2. Â ðåñòîðàíå..............................................................95

Òåìà 7. Äîñóã.............................................................................102

Óðîê 1. Ðàññêàæèòå î ñâîèõ óâëå÷åíèÿõ.............................102

Óðîê 2. Ñïîðò.....................................................................108

Óðîê 3. Âàø ëþáèìûé âèä èñêóññòâà?...............................115

Òåìà 8. Ïóòåøåñòâèå.................................................................123

Óðîê 1. Âûáîð ìàðøðóòà....................................................123

Óðîê 2. Õîðîøî åõàòü íà ïîåçäå.........................................129

Óðîê 3. Íà ïîåçäå õîðîøî, à ñàìîëåòîì ëó÷øå...................135

Ñïèñîê ëèòåðàòóðû....................................................................143

ÏÐÅÄÈÑËÎÂÈÅ

Ïðåäëàãàåìîå ïîñîáèå ÿâëÿåòñÿ êíèãîé ïî ðàçâèòèþ ðå÷è â

ñôåðå ïîâñåäíåâíîãî îáùåíèÿ ñ ó÷åòîì êîììóíèêàòèâíîãî ïðèí-

öèïà è ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíî â êóðñîâîé ñèñòåìå äëÿ ó÷à-

ùèõñÿ ïðîäâèíóòîãî óðîâíÿ îáó÷åíèÿ.

Êàæäûé óðîê îòêðûâàåòñÿ ðóáðèêîé “Ýòî âàì ìîæåò ïðèãî-

äèòüñÿ”, ãäå äàåòñÿ ïåðå÷åíü ñëîâ è âûðàæåíèé íà ðóññêîì è

àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêàõ, ñîñòàâëÿþùèõ ëåêñèêî-ãðàììàòè÷åñêèé ìà-

òåðèàë òåìû. Êðîìå òîãî, îñîáàÿ ðóáðèêà “Îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå!”

ïîçâîëÿåò êîììåíòèðîâàòü îòäåëüíûå ñëó÷àè ñëîâîóïîòðåáëåíèÿ.

Áûñòðîìó ðàçâèòèþ ðå÷åâûõ íàâûêîâ è óìåíèé ó÷àùèõñÿ ñïî-

ñîáñòâóþò êðàòêèå äèàëîãè, â êîòîðûõ ñîäåðæàòñÿ ñòàíäàðòíûå

òàêòèêè îáùåíèÿ. Òåêñòû îòðàæàþò íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûå

ðåàëèçàöèè êîììóíèêàòèâíûõ èíòåíöèé. Âîïðîñû è çàäàíèÿ äà-

þòñÿ â îïðåäåëåííîé ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè: îò íàáëþäåíèÿ è îñ-

ìûñëåíèÿ ÿçûêîâûõ ôàêòîâ ê èõ óïîòðåáëåíèþ â ðå÷è, à òàêæå

ïîáóæäàþò âåñòè ðàçãîâîð, èñõîäÿ èç ñîáñòâåííîãî îïûòà èíîñò-

ðàíöåâ. Äëÿ êîíòðîëÿ ââåäåííîãî ìàòåðèàëà ïîñëå êàæäîé òåìû

äàþòñÿ òåñòû, â êîòîðûõ ïðîâåðÿåòñÿ óñâîåíèå òåìàòè÷åñêîé ëåê-

ñèêè, âëàäåíèå íåêîòîðûìè ãðàììàòè÷åñêèìè ôîðìàìè, çíàíèå

îòäåëüíûõ ñòðàíîâåä÷åñêèõ ôàêòîâ.

Òåìà 1

ÄÀÂÀÉ(-ÒÅ) ÏÎÇÍÀÊÎÌÈÌÑß/LET’S GET

ACQUAINTED

Óðîê 1: Ðàññêàæè(-òå) î ñåáå/Tell us about yourself

Ýòî âàì ìîæåò ïðèãîäèòüñÿ/Òhese words may be useful for you:

ß — ìû I/we

Òû — âû Óou/you

Îí, îíà, îíî — îíè Íe, she, it

Îáðàùàòüñÿ íà “òû”/”âû”* Òo address smb. with “òû”/

“âû”

Ñòóäåíò, ñòóäåíòêà — ñòóäåíòû Student, students

Óíèâåðñèòåò University

Ñòðàíà, øòàò, ãîðîä Ñountry, state, city

Äàâàéòå ïîçíàêîìèìñÿ Let’s get acquainted

Çäðàâñòâóéòå! How do you do!

Äîáðîå óòðî! Good morning!

Äîáðûé äåíü! Good afternoon!

Äîáðûé âå÷åð! Good evening

Ìåíÿ (åãî, åå, âàñ) çîâóò My (his, her, your) name is...

Ìíå (òåáå, âàì, åìó, åé)... I am(you are, he/she is)...

ãîä(-à), ëåò years old

Èìÿ Name

Ôàìèëèÿ Last name

×èòàåì è ó÷èì äèàëîãè/Read and learn the dialogues by heart:

1. — Äàâàéòå ïîçíàêîìèìñÿ. Ìåíÿ çîâóò Ìàêñèì, à âàñ?

— Ðîáåðò.

— Êàê âàøà ôàìèëèÿ?

— Ìîÿ ôàìèëèÿ Ïîðòýð.

— Êàê âàñ ìîæíî íàçûâàòü (How may I call you)?

— Íàçûâàéòå ìåíÿ ïðîñòî Ðîá (Just call me Rob).

— Áóäåì íà “òû”? *

— Äà, êîíå÷íî.

2. — Áýí, îòêóäà òû ïðèåõàë?

— ß ïðèåõàë èç Ìýíñôèëäà, øòàò Ïåíñèëüâàíèÿ.

— Ñêîëüêî òåáå ëåò?

— Ìíå 20 ëåò.

— ×åì òû çàíèìàåøüñÿ, òû ó÷èøüñÿ èëè ðàáîòàåøü?

— ß ó÷óñü â óíèâåðñèòåòå, íà ôàêóëüòåòå ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ

îòíîøåíèé, à ïî âå÷åðàì (in the evening) ðàáîòàþ.

— Êàêàÿ òâîÿ áóäóùàÿ ïðîôåññèÿ (What is your future

profession)?

— ß áóäó ðàáîòàòü æóðíàëèñòîì.

3. — Áèë, ñêîëüêî âðåìåíè òû ó÷èøü ðóññêèé ÿçûê (How long

have you been learning Russian)?

— ß ó÷ó ðóññêèé ÿçûê òîëüêî ãîä (I’ve been learning Russian

for only a year).

— Êàêèå èíîñòðàííûå ÿçûêè òû çíàåøü (What foreign

languages do you speak)?

— ß çíàþ åùå ôðàíöóçñêèé (I also speak French).

— ×åì òû óâëåêàåøüñÿ (What are your hobbies)?

— ß óâëåêàþñü ñïîðòîì.

*Îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå!

Äðóçüÿ è áëèçêèå çíàêîìûå îáû÷íî îáðàùàþòñÿ äðóã ê äðó-

ãó íà “òû”. Ôðàçà: «Áóäåì íà “òû”» óêàçûâàåò íà æåëàíèå âàøåãî

ñîáåñåäíèêà óñòàíîâèòü íåôîðìàëüíûå, áîëåå áëèçêèå îòíîøå-

íèÿ ñ âàìè. Ïðè îôèöèàëüíîì, âåæëèâîì îáðàùåíèè ê ñòàðøåìó

èëè íåçíàêîìîìó (ìàëîçíàêîìîìó) ÷åëîâåêó óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ìåñ-

òîèìåíèå “âû”. Ïîñëå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ âû (Âû) ïðè îáðàùåíèè ê

îäíîìó ÷åëîâåêó ãëàãîë óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ â ôîðìå âòîðîãî ëèöà ìíî-

æåñòâåííîãî ÷èñëà:

âû (Âû) ïðèåõàëè... âû (Âû) ó÷èòåñü...

âû (Âû) çàíèìàåòåñü...

Attention!

Friends and good añquaintances usually address each other with

“òû”. Saying: «Áóäåì íà “òû”», the person whom you have just met

implies that he/she wants to get on closer terms with you. In the

context of formal relations or when you address an older or unknown

person you should use “âû” . Even if you address ONE person — the

verb after ÂÛ is used in the 2

person plural form.

×èòàåì è ïåðåñêàçûâàåì òåêñò/Read and retell the text below:

Íàêîíåö ÿ ïðèåõàë â Âîëãîãðàä. ß ó÷óñü íà êóðñàõ ðóññêîãî

ÿçûêà â Âîëãîãðàäñêîì ãîñóíèâåðñèòåòå (ÂîëÃÓ). Ñåé÷àñ ÿ æèâó

â îáùåæèòèè íà 2-é Ïðîäîëüíîé, ä. 28, êîìíàòà 3-10. ß óæå

ïîçíàêîìèëñÿ ñî ñâîèì ñîñåäîì ïî êîìíàòå. Åãî èìÿ Êîñòÿ, à

ôàìèëèÿ Èâàíîâ, îí ó÷èòñÿ íà ôèëîëîãè÷åñêîì ôàêóëüòåòå, ó÷èò

àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê. Ñíà÷àëà îí îáðàùàëñÿ êî ìíå íà “âû”: “Êàê

âàñ çîâóò? Îòêóäà âû ïðèåõàëè? Ãäå âû ó÷èòåñü? ×åì çàíèìàå-

òåñü? È ò.ä.” À ïîòîì âäðóã ñêàçàë ìíå: «Áóäåì íà “òû”?». ß

ñîãëàñèëñÿ: «Äà, êîíå÷íî».

Âûó÷èòå ñòèõîòâîðåíèå “Âû — ìû — òû”/Learn the verse by

heart:

“Âîò ñ êàêèìè îí ñëîâàìè

ïðèáåæàë îäíàæäû ê ìàìå:

Åñëè ðóêè ìûëè âû,

åñëè ðóêè ìîåì ìû,

eñëè ðóêè ìîåøü òû,

çíà÷èò, ðóêè âû-ìû-òû”.

Ó×ÈÌÑß ÓÏÎÒÐÅÁËßÒÜ ãëàãîëû (learn how to use the verbs)

ÇÂÀÒÜ — ÍÀÇÛÂÀÒÜÑß — ÍÀÇÂÀÒÜ — ÍÀÇÛÂÀÒÜ:

I. Ãëàãîë çâàòü ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïåðåõîäíûì è óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ñ îäó-

øåâëåííûìè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè, à ãëàãîë íàçûâàòüñÿ — íåïåðå-

õîäíûé è óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ñ íåîäóøåâëåííûìè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè

(Attention: the verb çâàòü is transitive and is used with animate nouns,

and íàçûâàòüñÿ is intransitive and is used with inanimate nouns):

Ìåíÿ çîâóò Ñòèâ. Âîëãîãðàä ðàíüøå íàçûâàëñÿ

Ìîåãî íîâîãî çíàêîìîãî Ñòàëèíãðàäîì, à åùå ðàíüøå —

çîâóò Àíäðåé. Öàðèöûíûì.

Ìîþ ñîáàêó çîâóò Ðýêñ. Íàø ðàéîí íàçûâàåòñÿ Ñîâåòñêèé.

Ýòà ðåêà íàçûâàåòñÿ Âîëãà. Ýòà

óëèöà íàçûâàåòñÿ 2-ÿ Ïðîäîëüíàÿ.

Áëèæàéøèé (the nearest) ìàãàçèí

íàçûâàåòñÿ “Õîïåð”.

II. Ãëàãîë íàçûâàòü-íàçâàòü ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïåðåõîäíûì è èìååò íå-

ñêîëüêî çíà÷åíèé (the verb íàçûâàòü-íàçâàòü is transitive and has

several meanings): 1. “Äàâàòü êîìó-ëèáî èìÿ, ïðîçâèùå, êëè÷êó”(to

give smb. a name, a nickname) — Ðîäèòåëè íàçâàëè ñûíà Àíäðååì.

Äðóçüÿ íàçûâàëè åãî Ñåðûé. 2. “Îáðàùàòüñÿ ê êîìó-ëèáî, óïîò-

ðåáëÿÿ êàêîå-ëèáî èìÿ, ïðîçâèùå, êëè÷êó” (to address smb. with a

name, a nickname) — Åãî çîâóò Êîëåé, íà ðàáîòå åãî íàçûâàþò

òîëüêî ïî èìåíè è îò÷åñòâó — Íèêîëàé Ëåîíèäîâè÷. 3. “Îïðåäå-

ëèòü (êàêèì-ëèáî ñëîâîì), îõàðàêòåðèçîâàòü (îòíåñÿ ê ÷èñëó êîãî-

ëèáî)” (to define smb. with some word) — Îí ìîæåò îòâåòèòü íà

ëþáîé âîïðîñ, íåäàðîì åãî íàçûâàþò õîäÿ÷åé ýíöèêëîïåäèåé.

Òðåíèðóåìñÿ:

1. Âñòàâüòå âìåñòî òî÷åê ãëàãîëû çâàòü, íàçûâàòüñÿ/Fill in the

gaps with the verbs çâàòü or íàçûâàòüñÿ.

1. Ñòàðøóþ ñåñòðó ... Ëåíîé, ìëàäøåãî áðàòà ... Ìèøåé. 2. ß

çàáûë, êàê ... ýòà êíèãà. 3. Âû íå çíàåòå, êàê ... ýòà îñòàíîâêà? —

Çíàþ, ýòà îñòàíîâêà ... “Îáóâíàÿ ôàáðèêà”. 4. Îí íå ìîã âñïîì-

íèòü, êàê ... åãî íîâîãî ïðåïîäàâàòåëÿ. 5. Êàê ... ðåêà, íà êîòîðîé

ðàñïîëîæåí ýòîò ãîðîä? 6. Óëèöà, íà êîòîðîé íàõîäèòñÿ òîðãîâûé

öåíòð ... Ðàáî÷å-êðåñòüÿíñêàÿ. 7. ß íå ðàññëûøàë, êàê òåáÿ ... ,

ïîâòîðè, ïîæàëóéñòà.

2. Âñòàâüòå âìåñòî òî÷åê ãëàãîëû çâàòü, íàçûâàòü, íàçûâàòüñÿ.

1. Ðàíüøå Âîëãîãðàä ... Öàðèöûíûì, ïîòîì åãî ïåðåèìåíîâà-

ëè â Ñòàëèíãðàä, òåïåðü åãî ñíîâà õîòÿò ... Öàðèöûí.

2. Ìåíÿ ... Äèìà. 3. Êàê ... ýòà îñòàíîâêà? 4. Âîëãîãðàä ñïðàâåäëèâî

... ãîðîäîì-ãåðîåì. 5. Ýòîò ìàãàçèí ... “Õîïåð”. 6. Ìàëü÷èêà ... Àðòå-

ìîì, äåäóøêà ëàñêîâî ... åãî Àðòþøåé. 7. Îí âñåõ âñåãäà ... òîëüêî

ïî èìåíè è îò÷åñòâó. 8. ... ìåíÿ ïðîñòî Ìàêñ. 9. Ýòè ìåñòà ÷àñòî ...

ðóññêîé Øâåéöàðèåé. 9. Àíòîíèìàìè ... ñëîâà îäíîé ÷àñòè ðå÷è,

èìåþùèå ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîå çíà÷åíèå. 10. Ñòàðøóþ ñåñòðó îí ...

ìàìîé, ïîòîìó ÷òî ïîñëå ñìåðòè ìàòåðè îíà âîñïèòàëà åãî. 11.

Ìåíÿ ... Àëåêñàíäð, ýòî ìîå ïîëíîå èìÿ, íî âû ìîæåòå ... ìåíÿ

ïðîñòî Ñàøà. 12. Åå ... Ëåíà, à äîìà âñå ... åå Àëåíîé. 13. ß õî÷ó ...

äî÷ü òàê æå, êàê ... ìîþ ìàòü.

3. Îòâåòüòå íà âîïðîñû:

1. Êàê âàñ çîâóò? 2. Êàê âàñ ìîæíî íàçûâàòü? 3. Êàê âàñ

íàçûâàþò äîìà? 4. Åñòü ëè ó âàñ ïðîçâèùå èëè êëè÷êà? 5. Êàê

çîâóò âàøó ìàòü, ñåñòðó, âàøåãî îòöà, áðàòà? Êàê âû ê íèì

îáðàùàåòåñü? 6. Êàê íàçûâàåòñÿ ãîðîä, ãäå âû æèâåòå? 7. Êàê

íàçûâàåòñÿ ãîðîä, â êîòîðûé âû ïðèåõàëè? 8. Êàê íàçûâàåòñÿ

ðàéîí, â êîòîðîì íàõîäèòñÿ óíèâåðñèòåò? 9. Êàê íàçûâàåòñÿ óëè-

öà, íà êîòîðîé íàõîäèòñÿ îáùåæèòèå? 10. Êàê íàçûâàåòñÿ îñòà-

íîâêà, ðÿäîì ñ êîòîðîé íàõîäèòñÿ îáùåæèòèå? 11. Êàê íàçûâàåò-

ñÿ áëèæàéøèé ìàãàçèí? 12. Êàê íàçûâàåòñÿ ñòèõîòâîðåíèå, êîòî-

ðîå âû âûó÷èëè?

4. Ñîñòàâüòå äèàëîãè, èñõîäÿ èç äàííûõ ñèòóàöèé è óïîòðåáëÿÿ

ãëàãîëû çâàòü, íàçûâàòü, íàçûâàòüñÿ/Compose dialogues for the

situations given below. Use the verbs çâàòü, íàçûâàòü, íàçûâàòüñÿ in

them.

1. Íîâûé ïðåïîäàâàòåëü ïðèøåë â ãðóïïó. Acquaintance with a

new teacher. 2. Âû çíàêîìèòåñü ñî ñâîèì ñîñåäîì (ñî ñâîåé ñîñåä-

êîé) ïî êîìíàòå. You meet your room-mate. 3. Âû çàáëóäèëèñü â

íîâîì ãîðîäå. You have got lost in a new city. 4. Âû ïåðâûé ðàç åäåòå

â âîëãîãðàäñêîì àâòîáóñå. Your first ride on a Volgograd bus. 5. Íà

âå÷åðèíêå âû çíàêîìèòåñü ñ ðóññêîé äåâóøêîé. You meet a Russian

girl at a party.

Óðîê 2: Ãäå âû ó÷èòåñü?/Where do you study?

Ýòî âàì ìîæåò ïðèãîäèòüñÿ:

Verb Compatibility Meaning

Ó÷èòü/ à) ñòèõîòâîðåíèå, “ß ó÷èë, âûó÷èë

âûó÷èòü (÷òî?) ïåñíþ, ðîëü, è òåïåðü ïîìíþ

òåêñò, ïðàâèëî, ñëîâà, (çíàþ)”

ãëàãîëû — “íàèçóñòü”; (I learnt, have learnt

á) ÿçûê, óðîê, and now I know).

äîìàøíåå çàäàíèå.

Ó÷èòü/ à) ãîâîðèòü, ÷èòàòü, “Ìåíÿ ó÷èëè è òåïåðü

íàó÷èòü (êîãî?)+ ïèñàòü; ÿ óìåþ ýòî äåëàòü”

èíô. èëè (÷åìó?) á) ÿçûêó, ÷òåíèþ, (They taught me, and

ïèñüìó. now I know how

to do it).

Ó÷èòüñÿ (ãäå?) a) â øêîëå, â êîëëåäæå, “ß ó÷èëñÿ ãäå-òî è

(êàê?) â óíèâåðñèòåòå, íà êàê-òî” (I was a student

èñòîðè÷åñêîì ôàêóëü- of..., and the way

òåòå, íà âòîðîì êóðñå, I studied was...).

íà êóðñàõ ðóññêîãî

ÿçûêà;

á) õîðîøî — ïëîõî,

îòëè÷íî, ñðåäíå,

îõîòíî, óïîðíî, ñ

óäîâîëüñòâèåì,

ñ èíòåðåñîì.

Ó÷èòüñÿ/ à) ÷èòàòü, ãîâîðèòü, “ß ó÷èëñÿ (ñàì) è òå-

íàó÷èòüñÿ + ïèñàòü, ïëàâàòü, èãðàòü ïåðü óìåþ ýòî

èíô. èëè (÷åìó?) â øàõìàòû, õîäèòü íà äåëàòü” (I learnt it

ëûæàõ, âîäèòü ìàøèíó; myself, and now I

á) ÷òåíèþ, ïëàâàíèþ, khow to do it).

ðèñîâàíèþ, âîæäåíèþ

ìàøèíû...

Èçó÷àòü/ à) ïðèðîäó, îáùåñòâî, “ß èçó÷àë è

èçó÷èòü (÷òî?) æèçíü æèâîòíûõ, òåïåðü çíàþ — èìåþ

êîñìîñ, òâîð÷åñòâî íàó÷íûå çíàíèÿ” ( I

ïèñàòåëÿ... studied smth. and now