Higgins R.A. Engineering Metallurgy: Applied Physical Metallurgy
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‘Muntz Metal’ 384 386
Mushet steel 285 333
N
Nails, steel for 157 158
‘Narcoloy’ 402
Naval brass 385 386
Neodymium 344 347 348
Neumann bands 89
Neutron 13 14 27 454
Nickel 5 294
effects of in steel 286 288 289 292 293
294
in aluminium alloys 421 424 426
in aluminium bronze 395 396
in brass 386
in case-hardening steels 295 305
in cast irons 363 368
in heat-resisting steels 314
in magnet alloys 342 343 347 348 350
351
in ‘Nimonic’ alloys 438 440
in stainless steels 293 303
Nickel-aluminium alloys 171 191
Nickel-chromium alloys 437
Nickel-chromium steels 300
Nickel-chromium-molybdenum steels 309
Nickel-copper alloys 397 400
equilibrium diagram 192
Nickel-iron alloys 297
Nickel steels 294
‘Nicrosilal’ 361 369
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‘Ni-hard’ 369 372
Nimonic alloys 438 440
Niobium 5 458
in steels 287 307 308 314 316
Niobium alloys 459
‘Ni-resist’ 369
‘Nitinol’ 403
Nitriding 162 472
-steels 473
heat-treatment of 475
Nitrogen 5
case-hardening with 472
in steel 147 250
‘Nitronic’ steels 308
Noble: gases 15
-metals 11
Nodular cast iron see Spheroidal-graphite iron
Non-destructive tests 50
of welds 497
Normalising 257
Nuclear: energy 454
-fission 454
Nylon 23
O
Objective, microscope 228
Oil-less bearings 133 442 446
Oils, quenching 265
Open-hearth process 146
‘Orange-peel’ effect 95 381
Orbital (electron) 14 17
Ordered solid solution 162
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Ores 3 10
of iron 140
producing regions 141
Orientation of crystals 68
Overheating of steels (during annealing) 256
Oxidation 9 21 256 312 507
of high-speed steel 337
Oxide films 267 291 298 507 530
Oxygen 6 8 9 10 11
12
in copper 376
in steel 71
Oxygen-free copper 375 376
Oxygen processes (steel making) 147
P
Pack-carburising 464
Paints for corrosion prevention 10 533
Paramagnetism 342
Partial solid solubility 160 196 206
Particle hardening 176
Pauli’s Exclusion Principle 343
Pearlite 154 155 174 243 246
deteriorated- 253
Pearlitic malleable iron 366
Penetrant tests 50
Periodic Classification 15 17
-Table 19
Peritectic transformations 200 204 388 443
Peritectoid transformations 200
‘Permalloy’ 351
Permeability (magnetic) 342
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Pelletising 144
Phase, definition of 160 182
Phase Rule 161 182
Phosphating 532
Phosphor bronze 389 391
Phosphorus 6
in bronze 389 391
in cast iron 353 357 359 361 362
365 366 368
in copper 376 377
in iron ore 142
in steel 249
removal in steelmaking 146 148 149
Pig iron 143
composition of 143
effects of cooling rates on 144
manufacture of 141
structure of 143
Pipe, in ingots 72
Pitting by corrosion 512
Plane blades, tempering of 268
Planes, slip 80
Plasma-arc welding 492
Plasma nitriding 475
Plastic deformation 79
Platinum-silver system 200
Plating 10 529
Plumber’s solder 150 482 484
Polishing of microspecimens 223
Polychloroethene 23
Polymers 23
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Polymorphism of iron 62
effects of alloying on 286
Polythene 23
Polyvinylchloride see Polychloroethene
Porosity in metals 69 70 71 376 408
498 500 502 503
Portevin, A. 185
Pourbaix diagrams 516
Powder metallurgy 133 351 442
Precipitation 198
from a solid solution 198 206
Precipitation hardening 206 324 399 402 415
430 449 450
Preparation of microsections 219
Press tools, tempering of 268
Pressing 126 131
Pressure die-casting 120
Pressure welding processes 494
Primary: cementite 156
-ferrite 156
Process annealing 252
Projection welding 495
Proof stress 39
Protection of iron and steel 506 525 532
Proton 13 14 28 29 454
Puddling process 145
Punches, steel for 158 313 328
Q
Quench cracks 264 276
Quenched and tempered steels, properties of 266
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Quenching media 265
Quenching of steels 260
R
RR alloys 424
Radiography 51 498
Radium 8 452
Rails, steel for 157 158
Rapid cooling, effects of on structures of steels 156 260
Rapid solidification processes 211
Rare-earth metals 430 432
Razors, steel for 157 158
Reamers, steel for 157 158 338
tempering of 268
Recalescence 63
Recrystallisation 91
Reduction, chemical 10 72 142 507
Reduction in area 40
Reed switch 297
Refinement of grain 288 295 302 312 316
320 420
after case-hardening 468
Refrigeration of aluminium alloys 420
Regenerators 143
Relative Atomic Mass see Atomic Mass
Remanence 345
Replicast process 123
Resistance alloys 437
Resolution of lenses see Resolving power
Resolving power of lenses 228
Reversion 419
Rivets, steel for 157 158
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Rock crushers, steel for 318 320
Rockwell hardness 45
Rolling 124 129
Rolls 124 129
Rotor process 148
Ruling section 279 282 296 300 301
305 310
S
‘S’ curves see TTT curves
Sacrificial corrosion 513 525 535
Salt baths 268 337 465
Salts 11
Samarium 6 344 347 348 460
Sand-casting 69 120
Saws, steel for 157 158
tempering of 268
Scanning acoustic microscope 234
Schaeffer diagrams 293 299 308
Schoop process 528
Schottky defect 75
Screw dislocations 84
Screwing dies 158
tempering of 268
Seam welding 494
Season cracking 90 381 525
Secondary hardening (of high-speed steels) 337
Segregation: in castings 68 73
in ingots 73
Selection of micro-specimens 219
Selenium 6 137
in stainless steels 137
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Semi-steel 362
Shafts, steel for 157 158 296 305 311
319
‘Shape-memory alloys’ 402
Shears, steel for 157 158
tempering of 268
Shell moulding 121
‘Sherardising’ 528
Shore scleroscope 46
Shrinkage 69 72
-cavities 69 70 72 73 123
‘Silal’ 361 369
Silicon-aluminium alloys 410 413 422
Silicon 6 8 12
in aluminium alloys 410 419 422 424 425
426
in cast-iron 356 359 360 361 362
365 366 368 370
in copper 502
in steel 249 314 316 328 329
Silicon bronze 502
Silver 6
in copper 377
-solder 484 487
Sinks, domestic, steel for 299
Sintered: aluminium powder (SAP) 106
-bearings 133 442
-carbides 133 340
-tools 133 340
Sintering methods 133 340
Size-factor compounds 170
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Slag, formation of 12 135 142
inclusions of 135 138 145 224 244
uses of 143
Slip: bands 80
-planes 81
Small specimens, mounting of 219
Smelting (of iron) 141
chemistry of 142
Sodium 6
in modification process 413
Soldering 482
-fluxes 485
Solid-phase welding 494
Solid-solution hardening 175
Solid solutions 152 160 161 162 180
191
Solidification of metals 66
Solidus, definition 180
Solubility curve 198
Solute 162
Solutions 198
Solution treatment 200 324 399 402 419
422 426
Solvent 162
Solvus 196
Sorbite 156
Sorby, H. C. 218
Space lattice 62 63
Spark-discharge welding 493
Specifications 2
for aluminium alloys 408
for steels 281
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Spheroidal-graphite iron 363 367 371
Spheroidising 253 269
Spinning 132
Sponge iron 144
Spot welding 494
Springs, bronze for 391
steels for 158 328
tempering of 268
‘Sputter cleaning’ 530
Stabilisation of: austenite 286 293 294 295 317
318
-carbides 287 297 302 312 318
320
-ferrite 286 287 293 298 320
Stabilisers 298
Stainless iron 294 298 301
Stainless steels 137 267 298 301 303
306 524
high-strength- 308
welding of 308 500 524
Steel: dead-mild 158
definition of 152
impurities in 248
manufacture of 145
structures of 240 260
Steel castings 254
Steel ingots: defects in 71
pipe in 72 73
structure of 69
Strain-ageing 176
Strengthening mechanisms 175
Stress corrosion 519