Ганс Селье. От мечты к открытию (Полная книга)

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

dZikmeuLZdh_ hlkmlkl\b_ mihjy^hq_gghklb kihkh[gh\\_klb \

aZ[em`^_gb_b ^eyij_h^he_gby _]hg_l bgh]h imlbdjhf_ dZd

hkms_kl\blv bkke_^h\Zgbydhlhju_ \blh]_ iha\hebeb[u ijh\_klb

deZkkbnbdZpbx \k_o wlbo lbih\ de_lhd lZddZd ihdZaZghgZ

ke_^mxs_f jbkmgd_

Ih f_j_^\b`_gby ke_\ZgZijZ\h fuij_`^_ \k_]h hlf_qZ_f

qlh g_^bnn_j_gpbjm_fu_de_ldb kh_^bgbl_evghc ldZgb

m\_ebqb\Zxlky \jZaf_j_ \iehlv ^h lj_lv_c klZ^bb k_j_^bgZ

<h[jZaghc kljmdlmjuihke_ q_]hqbkeh bom\_ebqb\Z_lky iml_f

^_e_gbyb hgb klZgh\ylky ^bnn_j_gpbjh\Zggufbeb[h

aZdjm]e_ggufb bgdZikmebjh\Zggufb de_ldZfb ojysZ \_jogyy

\_l\veb[h de_ldZfb dhkl_c m^ebg_ggufb b madbfbk

jZa\blufb hl\_l\e_gbyfb gb`gyy \_l\vB gZdhg_pih f_j_

ijh^\b`_gby ddhgpZf \_l\_cgZ dhlhjuo bah[jZ`_gh ih q_luj_

de_ldbfu gZ[ex^Z_f ih^ fbdjhkdhihf lbibqgu_ iheghklvx

jZa\blu_ de_ldb ojysZ \_jogyy \_l\vbeb dhkl_c gb`gyy

\_l\v

Ih^l\_j`^_gb_f ]bihl_augZ hkgh\Zgbb dhlhjhc [ueZ

ihemq_gZ deZkkbnbdZpbykem`Zlblh]h\Zy mihjy^hq_gghklv

jZkkfZljb\Z_fuo we_f_glh\ g_ij_ju\ghklv boi_j_oh^guo klZ^bc

jZa\blby ijb ^\b`_gbb ke_\Z gZijZ\hkihkh[ghklv d

ijh]ghabjh\Zgbx gZ dZdhf[u mqZkld_gb [uebh[gZjm`_gu de_ldb

ojysZ beb dhkl_c\k_]^Z bf__lky \hafh`ghklv mdZaZlv

ij_^r_kl\mxsb_ bf g_^bnn_j_gpbjh\Zggu_ de_ldbkh_^bgbl_evghc

ldZgbieh^hl\hjgZy ]bihl_aZy\eyxsZyky ke_^kl\b_f

bf_xs_cky mihjy^hq_gghklbw\hexpby de_lhdkh_^bgbl_evghc ldZgb

\ de_ldb ojysZ beb dhkl_cjhev f_klguo nZdlhjh\ \wlhc

ljZgknhjfZpbbLZdb_ ]bihl_au klZgh\ylky l_hjbyfb \ lhf

kemqZ__keb iml_f g_ihkj_^kl\_gguo gZ[ex^_gbc m^Z_lky

^hdZaZlvqlh ih^h[gZy w\hexpby fh`_l bf_lv f_klh b qlh

\uau\Zlv __ kihkh[gu ehdZevgu_ gZijbf_jobfbq_kdb_ b

f_oZgbq_kdb_nZdlhju

Wlb ^\Zijbf_jZ h^bg Z[kljZdlgucZ ^jm]hc dhgdj_lguc

ihdZau\ZxldZdmx ihfhsvkihkh[gZ hdZaZlvijhklZy deZkkbnbdZpby

ijb nhjfmebjh\Zgbb l_hjbb\uy\eyxs_c aZdhghf_jghklb b

h[eZ^Zxs_c kihkh[ghklvxd ijh]ghabjh\ZgbxH^gZdh [hevrbgkl\h

ihe_aguo [bheh]bq_kdbo l_hjbc k\yaZgu g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh k

ijbqbgghklvx

L?HJBB IJBQBGGHKLB

H^gbo gZ[ex^_gbcgZ^ y\e_gbyfbIjbjh^u y\gh g_^hklZlhqgh

qlh[u \kdjulvijbqbgghke_^kl\_ggu_ k\yabIhke_^gb_ fh]ml[ulv

\u\_^_gu bkdexqbl_evghiml_f ZgZebaZaZdhghf_jguo k\ya_cf_`^m

dhgdj_lgufb nbabq_kdbfbkh[ulbyfbhlghkysbfbky d ijhrehfm b

[m^ms_fm

?keb [u \ [bheh]bb m^Zehkv \u^_eblveh]bq_kdb kljh]b_

we_f_glulh ihkljh_gb_ l_hjbc ijbqbgghklb fh]eh [u

ij_\jZlblvky \ klZg^Zjlguc ijhp_kkhkms_kl\ey_fuc

fZl_fZlbq_kdbfb f_lh^ZfbHkgh\u lZdh]h f_lh^Z baeh`_gu \

deZkkbq_kdhf ljm^_ >`;mey Bkke_^h\Zgb_ aZdhgh\fure_gby

>@>ZggZy jZ[hlZ bkoh^bl ba ^hims_gbyqlh Ze]_[jZ

kbf\hebq_kdbo ijhp_kkh\jZajZ[hlZggZy >`;m^_f \dZq_kl\_

bgkljmf_glZjby ^ey\uiheg_gby \uqbke_gbchdZ`_lky ^hklZlhqgh

Z^_d\Zlghc b ^ey \ujZ`_gby ex[uofukebl_evguo Zdlh\LZd\

jZ[hl_ >`<m^`_jZ L_ogbdZ ihkljh_gby l_hjbb>@dZ`^h_

gZ[ex^_gb_ b dZ`^uc Zdl jZkkm`^_gby h[hagZq_gu ijhkluf

kbf\hehf\ j_amevlZl_ijZ\bevghklv lh]hbeb bgh]h\u\h^Z fh`_l

[ulv ijh\_j_gZiml_f ^\b`_gby\kiylv ih p_ihqd_khklZ\e_gghc

ba ij_^r_kl\mxsbo bihke_^mxsbo kh[ulbcgZ dhlhju_hibjZ_lky

wlhl \u\h^Ih^h[guc ZgZeba aZdhgh\ fure_gby kj_^kl\Zfb

kbf\hebq_kdhc eh]bdb y\ey_lky h^gbfba \_ebqZcrbo^hklb`_gbc

q_eh\_q_kdh]h bgl_ee_dlZB l_f g_ f_g__dZd y m`_

g_h^ghdjZlgh hlf_qZeijbf_gbfhklv lZdbo f_lh^h\\ [bheh]bb

qj_a\uqZcgh h]jZgbq_ggZihkdhevdm f_`^m [bheh]bq_kdbfb

we_f_glZfb g_\hafh`ghmklZgh\blv q_ldb_]jZgbpuH[hagZq_gb_ bo

ihkj_^kl\hf kbf\heh\ \_^_l d g_h^ghagZqghklb bdZd gb

iZjZ^hdkZevghkha^Z_l eh`gh_ \i_qZle_gb_ lhqghklb b

hij_^_e_gghklb< j_amevlZl_ fu ihjhc aZ[u\Z_fqlh \u\h^

\_jguc k lhqdb aj_gby kbf\hebq_kdbo ij_h[jZah\Zgbcg_

h[yaZl_evgh jZkijhkljZgy_lkygZ h[t_dluh[hagZq_ggu_ kihfhsvx

kbf\heh\

IjhklZy kbkl_fZ kbf\heh\ kihkh[kl\m_lihgbfZgbx f_lh^h\

ihkljh_gby l_hjbcijbqbgghklbH^gZdh fugb gZfbgmlm g_^he`gu

aZ[u\Zlvqlh bkihevah\Zggu_ kbf\heu dZd b keh\Z

q_eh\_q_kdh]h yaudZ^hklh\_jgu ebrv\ klZlbklbq_kdhfkfuke_

Keh\h kh[ZdZfh`_l kem`blv kbf\hehf bf_xsboky m gZk

ij_^klZ\e_gbc hkh[ZdZo g_ihlhfmqlh \k_ kh[Zdb Z[khexlgh

lh`^_kl\_ggu wlh hagZqZeh [uqlh \k_ kdZaZggh_h[ h^ghc

kh[Zd_ bklbgghb \ hlghr_gbb ^jm]bo kh[ZdZ ihlhfmqlh

[hevrbgkl\h kh[Zd \h fgh]bo hlghr_gbyo koh^guf_`^m kh[hc

Ke_^h\Zl_evgh b wlhklZlbklbq_kdb \_jhylgh\k_ ^Zggu_

ihemq_ggu_ ijb bamq_gbb h^ghckh[Zdb beb_s_ emqr_fgh]bo

kh[Zd\_jgu b^ey [hevrbgkl\Z^jm]bo hkh[_cwlh]h \b^ZjZa^

Ijbgpbi ZgZeh]bbk

<k_klhjhgg__ h[km`^_gb_nbehkhnkdbo Zki_dlh\ijbqbgghklb \

k\yab kijbgpbihf g_hij_^_e_gghklb =_ca_g[_j]Z g_ \oh^bl \

aZ^Zqm wlhc dgb]bGh k dZdbo [u ihabpbc gb ihgbfZeZkv

ijbqbgghklv[_a l_obeb bguoij_^iheh`_gbc hijbqbgguo k\yayo

f_`^m ij_^r_kl\mxsbfb kh[ulbyfb b ihke_^mxsbfb kh[ulbyfb

gZmqgu_ bkke_^h\Zgby dZd lZdh\u_ [ueb [u g_\hafh`gu

Q_eh\_q_kdbc jZamf g_ \khklhygbb ho\Zlblvkeh`gu_ y\e_gbyb

hi_jbjh\Zlv bfb_keb khklZ\eyxsb_bo qZklb g_ k\yaZgu f_`^m

kh[hc hlghr_gbyfb ijbqbgghklbI_j\hkl_i_ggZy p_evgZmdb 

mihjy^hq_gb_ b mijhs_gb_Ijhklh jZkihagZ\Zlv [_kqbke_ggu_

ijbjh^gu_ y\e_gby [_kihe_agh_keb fu g_kihkh[gu \kemqZ_

g_h[oh^bfhklb fuke_ggh\hkkha^Zlv boijhc^y kd\hav eZ[bjbgl

\k_o \hafh`guok\ya_c

:jbZ^gZ^hqv djblkdh]h pZjyFbghkZ\ex[beZkv \L_k_y

Qlh[u ihfhqv_fm \uclbba eZ[bjbglZ]^_ hgm[be FbghlZ\jZhgZ

^ZeZ _fm dem[hd gblhd>Z`_ _keb ijbqbgghklv kihkh[kl\m_l

ihgbfZgbx k\yab f_`^m y\e_gbyfb\ lhc`_ kl_i_gbdZd bgblv

:jbZ^gufu [_a__ ihfhsbg_ kfh]eb[u \u[jZlvky ba eZ[bjbglZ

[_kqbke_gguo k\ya_clZd `_ dZd L_k_cba k\h_]heZ[bjbglZ

<hafh`ghijbqbgghklv g_ [he__ q_f k\hckl\_ggZy gZr_fm

jZamfm ijb\uqdZ k\yau\Zlv ihklhyggh ih\lhjyxsb_ky kh[ulby

hlghr_gb_f ijbqbgZke_^kl\b_;bheh]Z `_ g_ lZd [_kihdhbl

wibkl_fheh]bq_kdh_ h[hkgh\Zgb_ wlh]h kihkh[Z fure_gbydZd

k\yaZggu_ kgbf hiZkghklbhrb[hd

< ke_^mxs_f jZa^_e_AZ[em`^_gbyfu ijhZgZebabjm_f

^hims_ggu_ [bheh]Zfb hrb[dbk\yaZggu_ kg_mf_gb_f jZaebqZlv

SRVWKRFihke_ wlh]hb SURSWHUKRF\ke_^kl\b_ wlh]h

Ijb\_^m \ wlhc k\yab ex[hiulgucohly b\ufure_gguc ijbf_j

dhlhjuc y mkeurZe g_kdhevdh e_l gZaZ^ hl h^gh]h ba fhbo

klm^_glh\@bl_eb FZjkZgZ[ex^Zxl aZ`bl_eyfb A_febk ihfhsvx

fhsguo l_e_kdhih\Hgb \b^ylqlh gZdjZkguc k\_lk\_lhnhjZ \k_

fZrbgu hklZgZ\eb\ZxlkyZ dh]^Z aZ]hjZ_lky a_e_guchgb

gZqbgZxl ^\b`_gb_Jy^ mq_guofZjkbZg ijbrebd \u\h^mqlh ohly

fZrbgu a_feyg hq_gvfhsgu_ bkdhjhklgu_l_f g_f_g__ djZkguc

k\_l ^_ckl\m_lgZ gboiZjZebamxs_H^gZdh \kdhj_ wlZ \_jkby

ih^\_j]eZkv gZiZ^dZf kh klhjhgu mq_guoml\_j`^Z\rboqlh

bf_ggh a_e_guck\_l \uau\Z_l^\b`_gb_ fZrbgB \hl l_i_jv \k_

Zkljhghfbq_kdb_ bkke_^h\Zgby fZjkbZg gZijZ\e_gugZ lhqlh[u

hij_^_eblv \j_f_ggu_ khhlghr_gby f_`^m baf_g_gb_f k\_lZ b

^\b`_gb_f fZrbgb \uykgblvlZdbf h[jZahfqlh _klvijbqbgZZ

qlh ke_^kl\b_< ^_ckl\bl_evghklb`_ gbdZdhcijbqbgghc k\yab

f_`^m p\_lhfk\_lhnhjZ bnmgdpbhgbjh\Zgb_f ^\b]Zl_eyZ\lhfZrbgu

g_ kms_kl\m_lbeb gZfke_^m_l ijbagZlvqlh hgZ_klvohly

[u dhk\_ggh"

AZ[em`^_gby

Ijbjh^ZgZkdhevdh fh`_l]h\hjbl gZfy\gmx eh`v

QZjeva >Zj\bg

< eh]bd_aZ[em`^_gbydZd ijZ\beh^_eylky gZfZl_jbZevgu_

hrb[hqgh_ ml\_j`^_gb_ h dZdhfeb[h nZdl_\_j[Zevgu_

g_ijZ\bevgh_ ijbf_g_gb_l_jfbgh\b eh]bq_kdb_beb nhjfZevgu_

g_dhjj_dlgh_ \u\_^_gb_ ke_^kl\byKh]eZkgh ba\_klghc

deZkkbnbdZpbbij_^ijbgylhc :jbklhl_e_f\ Hj]Zghg_Z bf_ggh

\ jZ[hl_H khnbklbq_kdbo hijh\_j`_gbyokms_kl\m_l \hk_fv

hkgh\guo lbih\aZ[em`^_gbc

Hl ijb\oh^ys_]hdh]^Z ijb\oh^ysbcnZdl ijbgbfZ_lkyaZ

kms_kl\_gguc gZijbf_j^Zgguc ]hjfhg [_euc\u\h^ \k_

]hjfhgu [_eu_

6HFXQGXPTXLGke_^m_l bah[s_]heZlhrb[hqgh_

jZkijhkljZg_gb_ h[s_]hijZ\beZ gZqZklguc kemqZcb gZh[hjhl

[_a mq_lZ baf_gyxsboky h[klhyl_evkl\ gZijbf_j_keb klj_kk

\uau\Z_l ^_]_g_jZpbx\behqdh\hc `_e_aulh mdjuku km^Ze_ggufb

gZ^ihq_qgbdZfb klj_kk ^he`_g ih\e_qv aZ kh[hc lZdmx `_

^_]_g_jZpbxGZ kZfhf ^_e_klj_kk \ha^_ckl\m_lgZ \behqdh\mx

`_e_am q_j_agZ^ihq_qgbdbihwlhfm _]h^_ckl\b_ [ehdbjm_lkyijb

bo m^Ze_gbb

G_\_jgu_ aZdexq_gbyhkh[uc kihkh[m[_`^_gby aZ kq_l

hl\e_q_gby \gbfZgby gZdZdhceb[h ihklhjhggbcnZdl gZijbf_j

\f_klh ^hdZaZl_evkl\Z eh`ghklb l_hjbbgZiZ^db gZ __

ijb\_j`_gp_\

Ij_^j_r_gb_ hkgh\Zgby \u^\b`_gb_ \ dZq_kl\_

^hdZaZl_evkl\Z lh]hqlh kZfh lj_[m_l ^hdZaZl_evkl\Z\u[hj

lZdbo ihkuehddhlhju_ aZjZg__ ij_^hij_^_eyxl \u\h^_s_ g_

^hdZaZgguo ihkuehd gZijbf_jhljbpZgb_ ^h\h^Z gZ lhf

hkgh\Zgbbqlh hgg_gZmq_gqlh lZd`_gm`gh ^hdZaZlv

Hrb[dZ ke_^h\Zgby jZkkm`^_gb_ hlihke_^h\Z\r_]h

kh[ulby d_]h mkeh\bxgZijbf_jm^Ze_gb_ iZjZsblh\b^ghc`_e_au

\uau\Z_l km^hjh]bke_^h\Zl_evghkm^hjh]b mdZau\Zxl gZ

hlkmlkl\b_ ]hjfhgZiZjZsblh\b^ghc `_e_au

1RQVHTXLWXUg_ ke_^m_leZlh[hkgh\Zgb_

aZdexq_gby bkoh^y ba g_^hklZlhqgh]h beb eh`gh]h nZdlZ

gZijbf_joheh^ y\ey_lky klj_kkhjhfoheh^ \uau\Z_l^jh`v

ke_^h\Zl_evgh^jh`v y\ey_lky g_ki_pbnbq_kdbf ijhy\e_gb_f

^_ckl\by \k_oklj_kkhjh\

3RVWKRFHUJRSURSWHUKRFihke_ wlh]hagZqblih

ijbqbg_ wlh]heZl_keb baf_g_gb_ ihy\ey_lky ihke_

\ha^_ckl\by dZdh]heb[h nZdlhjZhgh ^he`gh[ulv h[mkeh\e_gh

wlbf nZdlhjhfgZijbf_j_keb wdki_jbf_glm^Zeky \_kghcgh g_

m^Zeky hk_gvx_]h mki_oaZ\bkbl hlkf_gu \j_f_g]h^Z

Hrb[dZ kh\f_s_gbyfgh`_kl\Z \hijhkh\dh]^Z g_kdhevdh

\hijhkh\ g_ijZ\hf_jgh h[t_^bgyxlky \h^bg gZijbf_jIhq_fm

dhjlbahg y\ey_lkykZfuf ihe_agufba \k_odhjlbdhb^h\"< ^Zgghf

kemqZ_ ml\_j`^_gb_ h ihe_aghklb dhjlbahgZ \\h^blky

dhgljZ[Zg^hcdZd ^hdZaZggucnZdl

LZdZy kbkl_fZlbaZpby\k_o \hafh`guohrb[hdk\h^ysZy bo\

dhg_qgh_ dhebq_kl\h]jmii\_kvfZ kh[eZagbl_evgZgh hgZ kZfZ

lZbl \ k_[_ y\gmx hrb[dmdjhf_ lh]h qlh ]jmiiu\aZbfgh

i_j_dju\Zxl ^jm]^jm]ZkZfZ ih k_[_ deZkkbnbdZpby hrb[hqguo

lhedh\Zgbc b bo gZbf_gh\Zgb_fZeh q_fihfh]Zxl mq_ghfm\ _]h

ih\k_^g_\ghc jZ[hl_Deh^ ;_jgZjaZdZgqb\Z_l k\hc deZkkbq_kdbc

ljm^ <\_^_gb_ \bamq_gb_ wdki_jbf_glZevghcf_^bpbgukeh\Zfb

Dh]^Z lZdb_nbehkhnudZd ;wdhgbeb `_[he__ [ebadb_d gZf ih

\j_f_gbij_^eZ]Zeb h[smx kbkl_fZlbaZpbx ijZ\be gZmqgh]h

bkke_^h\Zgbywlh [uehhq_gv aZfZgqb\h^ey \k_odlh agZdhf k

gZmdhc ebrv ba^Zebgh ^eyhiulguo mq_guolZd `_dZd b^ey

l_odlh gZf_j_\Z_lkyihk\ylblv k_[ygZmd_lZdb_ ij_^eh`_gby

ebr_gu kfukeZb[hih^jZamf_\Zy \\_sZo eh`gmxijhklhlmhgb

\\h^yl \aZ[em`^_gb_djhf_ lh]hhgb h[j_f_gyxl mf fZkkhc

lmfZgguo bg_gm`guo ij_^ibkZgbcdhlhju_ ke_^h\Zeh[u ihkdhj__

aZ[ulv \kydhfmdlh ohq_l\k_jv_a aZgbfZlvky gZmdhc b klZlv

gZklhysbf wdki_jbf_glZlhjhf

B l_fg_ f_g__eh]bq_kdb_ eh\mrdbih^kl_j_]Zxl mq_gh]hgZ

dZ`^hf rZ]mb fg_ohl_ehkv [u ij_^hkl_j_qv _]h hl gZb[he__

lbibqguo bagbo

Y g_ ij_l_g^mxgZ lhqlh kmf_x^Zlv lZdmxdeZkkbnbdZpbx

aZ[em`^_gbc]^_ hgbg_ [m^ml i_j_dju\Zlv ^jm] ^jm]Z b ]^_

;M>?L ^Zg bobkq_jiu\Zxsbc i_j_q_gvIjhklh yohqm hibkZlvl_

eh\mrdb\ dhlhju_y ebqgh ihiZ^Ze beb qmlv g_ ihiZeDZd

]h\hjyl njZgpmau/CKRPPHDYHUWLHQYDXWGHX[

Ij_^mij_`^_gguc klhbl^\hbo

AZjZg__ h]h\hjxkv_keb wlb aZf_ldb ihiZ^ml \ jmdb

qblZl_eyfZeh agZdhfh]h k fh_c h[eZklvx bgl_j_kh\y[u

ihkh\_lh\Ze _fmijhklh [_]ehijhkfhlj_lv ihke_^mxsb_ kljZgbpu

beb `_ i_j_\_jgmlv bob[h h[^mfu\Zgb_kihkh[h\ ij_h^he_gby

eh\mr_d ihlj_[m_l hij_^_e_gguo mkbebcY fh] [u ijb^mfZlv

gm`gu_ fg_ ijbf_jugh _keb m` wlb aZibkdb b h[eZ^Zxl

dZdbfeb[h ^hklhbgkl\hf\ kjZ\g_gbbk ijb\uqgufbl_hj_lbq_kdbfb

jZ[hlZfb iheh]bd_ b ikboheh]bblh dZd jZa l_fqlh hgb

p_ebdhf hkgh\Zgu gZebqghf hiul_DZd ym`_ ]h\hjbe\ \ukr_c

kl_i_gb Z[kljZdlgu_aZdhgu fure_gby fZeh ijbf_gbfu d gm`^Zf

ijZdlbq_kdhc gZmqghc jZ[hlu< hlebqb_ hl gbo kihkh[u

ij_h^he_gby lbibqguo eh\mr_dbkihevah\Zggu_ \ dhgdj_lghc

h[eZklb bkke_^h\Zgby\iheg_ fh`gh jZkijhkljZgblvgZ ^jm]b_

kn_ju agZgbyb ^Z`_gZ ih\k_^g_\gmx`bagv

IhjZabl_evghc oZjZdl_jbklbdhc hrb[hddhlhju_ kh\_jrZeb

^Z`_ gZb[he__ \u^Zxsb_kymq_gu_y\ey_lky bogZb\ghklvB \k_

`_ fhbijbf_ju j_Zevgu<k_ hgb\aylu ba bklhjbb [bheh]bb b

^_ckl\bl_evgh [ueb kh\_jr_guhiulgufb ijhn_kkbhgZevgufb

mq_gufb;hevrbgkl\h bawlbo hrb[hdh[tykgy_lky l_fqlhdh]^Z

fu kfhljbfgZ ij_^f_l k hij_^_e_gghc lhqdb aj_gbym gZk

\ujZ[Zlu\Zxlky hij_^_e_ggu_ ikboheh]bq_kdb_ ij_]jZ^u

ij_iylkl\mxsb_ \hkijbylbxwlh]h ij_^f_lZ\ ^jm]hfjZdmjk_GZr_

ihgbfZgb_ aZ\bkblhl ijhreh]hhiulZgh \ lhc `_ kl_i_gb\

dZdhc gZrb \hkihfbgZgby ihfh]Zxlfukebl_evghfm ijhp_kkmhgb

fh]ml blhjfhablv _]h< gZr_f khagZgbb h[jZamxlky [_eu_

iylgZ<k_ g_h[uqgh_ fu \hkijbgbfZ_fdZd g_\_jhylgh_\lh

\j_fy dZdbf_ggh g_h[uqgh_ b y\ey_lky [h]Zl_crbf bklhqgbdhf

\_ebdbo hldjulbc

HRB;D: MIMS?GGH=HDHGLJHEY

Wlh gZb[he__ jZkijhkljZg_ggZy hrb[dZ \ [bheh]bq_kdbo

wdki_jbf_glZevguo bkke_^h\ZgbyoDZ`^uc agZ_lqlh _keb fu

ohlbf bamqblv dZdh_eb[h \ha^_ckl\b_lh ^eykjZ\g_gby gZf

g_h[oh^bfu dhgljhevgu_ h[t_dlug_ ih^\_j]Z\rb_ky wlhfm

\ha^_ckl\bxH^gZdh \ j_Zevguowdki_jbf_glZo ^eyh[_ki_q_gby

hkfuke_gguo ]jZgbpkjZ\g_gby fh]mlihgZ^h[blvky b^jm]b_ nhjfu

dhgljheyGZijbf_j_keb fu ohlbf mklZgh\blvki_pbnbq_kdh_

^_ckl\b_ \\h^bfh]himl_f bgt_dpbbij_iZjZlZlh khhl\_lkl\_ggh

dhgljhevguf h[t_dlhf [m^_l g_ lZdh_ `b\hlgh_dhlhjhfm g_

^_eZeb bgt_dpbcZ lZdh_dhlhjhfm k^_eZebZgZeh]bqgu_ bgt_dpbb

\_s_kl\Z jZkl\hjbl_ey ij_iZjZlZbkke_^m_fh]h gZ

wdki_jbf_glZevghf `b\hlghfLZdbf h[jZahf mkljZgyxlkyex[u_

g_ki_pbnbq_kdb_ \ha^_ckl\bydZd jZkl\hjZlZd bkZfhc ijhp_^mju

bgt_dpbbdhlhju_ y\eyxlkyihl_gpbZevguf bklhqgbdhfhrb[hd

G_h[oh^bfhklv ih^h[guo\b^h\ dhgljheydZd ijZ\behg_

\uau\Z_l khfg_gbcZ \hl[he__ kdjulu_bklhqgbdb hrb[hdg_j_^dh

mimkdZxlky ba \b^mGZijbf_j_keb bkiulu\Z_fuc ij_iZjZl

y\ey_lky fhq_]hggufh[_a[heb\Zxsbf bebijhklh \ukhdhlhdkbqguf

\_s_kl\hfg_h[oh^bfh ijh\_klb dhgljhevgu_ \ha^_ckl\by

\uau\Zxsb_ jZ\ghagZqgu_ fhq_]hgguch[_a[heb\Zxsbc beb

lhdkbq_kdbc wnn_dluij_`^_ q_f gZ[ex^Z_fh_baf_g_gb_ fh`gh

[m^_l ijbibkZlvbamqZ_fhfm ij_iZjZlmdZd ki_pbnbq_kdh_

Y hkh[_gghhkljh hkhagZx ihlj_[ghklv \ dhgljhe_ lZdh]h

lbiZb[h [_jmkv ml\_j`^Zlvqlh [_ag_]h dhgp_ipbyklj_kkZ

gbdh]^Z [u g_ \hagbdeZDh]^Z ijh\h^bfu_ gZfb bgt_dpbb

nhjfZev^_]b^Z \ua\Zeb ]bi_jljhnbx gZ^ihq_qgbdh\ b Zljhnbx

lbfmkZ[ueh kebrdhfkh[eZagbl_evgh aZdexqblvqlh wlb wnn_dlu

h[mkeh\e_gu nhjfZev^_]b^hfGZ kZfhf^_e_ \k_[ueh blZdbg_

lZd<_jghqlh nhjfZev^_]b^\uau\Z_l gZa\Zggu_ baf_g_gbygh

lZdb_ `_ baf_g_gby\uau\Z_l bjy^ ^jm]bonZdlhjh\lZdbodZd

ZljhnbbfhjnbgZ^j_gZebgoheh^`ZjZ b ex[hc ^jm]hc

klj_kkhjIhwlhfm ml\_j`^_gb_ba dhlhjh]hke_^h\Zeh [uqlh

]bi_jljhnby gZ^ihq_qgbdh\ b Zljhnby \behqdh\hc `_e_au kmlv

oZjZdl_jgu_ j_amevlZlu^_ckl\by nhjfZev^_]b^Zih^h[gh lhfmdZd

Zg_kl_aby y\ey_lkylbibqguf j_amevlZlhf^_ckl\by wnbjZ[ueh [u

hrb[hqgufFu agZ_f l_i_jvqlh klj_kk\ua\Zgguc

nhjfZev^_]b^hf lhqgh lZd`_ dZdb ex[uf ^jm]bf nZdlhjhf

ijb\h^bl dm\_ebq_gbx gZ^ihq_qgbdh\bdZljhnbb lbfmkZGh ^ey

lh]h qlh[u ih^l\_j^blv lZdmx nhjfmebjh\dmgZf ijbrehkv

ijh\_klb h]jhfgh_ fgh`_kl\h dhgljhevguo hiulh\\ lhfqbke_

ihdZaZlvqlh jZaebqgu_nZdlhju\h \k_oijhqbo hlghr_gbyo g_

k\yaZggu_ k nhjfZev^_]b^hf \ha^_ckl\b_ ^jm]bo ij_iZjZlh\

ljZ\fubaf_g_gby l_fi_jZlmju\uau\Zxl lZdb_`_ baf_g_gby b

qlh nhjfZev^_]b^h[mkeh\eb\Z_l boijhihjpbhgZevgh ^jm]bfk\hbf

\ha^_ckl\byf \dZq_kl\_ klj_kkhjZ

I?J?K?D:XSB?KY DJB<U?>HA: WNN?DL

Fu lZdijb\udeb d lhfmqlh [hevrb_ ^hau wnn_dlb\g__

fZeuoqlh gZrjZamf iehohih^]hlh\e_g d\hkijbylbx gZ[ex^_gbc

ijhlb\hj_qZsbo wlhfm ijZ\bemG_j_^dh bkke_^h\Zl_ev

ihl_ji_\rbc g_m^Zqmijb ihiuld_ih^l\_j^blv j_amevlZlu jZ[hlu

k\h_]h dhee_]bk `ZjhfaZy\ey_lqlh hgg_ kfh]k^_eZlv wlh]h

ohlyb ijbf_gye^hau\h fgh]hjZa ij_\hkoh^ysb_l_dhlhju_

bkihevah\Zebkv _]hij_^r_kl\_ggbdhf

G_dhlhjh_ \j_fygZaZ^ gZfm^Zehkv h[gZjm`blvqlh fm`kdhc

iheh\hc ]hjfhgl_klhkl_jhg\uau\Z_l ZljhnbxgZ^ihq_qgbdh\

Wlh iheh`_gb_[ueh hkihj_gh^jm]bfb bkke_^h\Zl_eyfbhgb g_

ihemqbeb lZdh]h `_ baf_g_gbyohly\\h^beb \g_kdhevdh jZa

[hevr__ dhebq_kl\h l_klhkl_jhgZq_f fuIh\lhj_gb_ wlbo

wdki_jbf_glh\ ihdZaZehqlh gZ[ex^_gby gZrbo djblbdh\[ueb

\_jgufbGh klhev `_ \_jgufb [ueb b gZrbKi_pbnbq_kdh_

\ha^_ckl\b_ wlh]h kh_^bg_gbykhklhbl \lhfqlh \fZeuo ^haZo

l_klhkl_jhg \uau\Z_lZljhnbx gZ^ihq_qgbdh\\lh\j_fy dZd _]h

[hevrb_ ^hau h[mkeh\eb\Zxl bo ]bi_jljhnbxIh\b^bfhfm

\ha^_ckl\b_ l_klhkl_jhgZ\ dZq_kl\_klj_kkhjZ i_j_kbeb\Z_l _]h

ki_pbnbq_kdh_ \ha^_ckl\b_\ dZq_kl\_]hjfhgZ\_^ms__ dZljhnbb

gZ^ihq_qgbdh\Bf_ggh wlZ jZ[hlZ \i_j\u_ ijb\e_deZ gZr_

\gbfZgb_ d hq_gv jZkijhkljZg_gghfm \ nZjfZdheh]bb y\e_gbx

dhlhjh_ fu gZa\Zeb aZdhg i_j_k_dZxsboky djb\uo ^haZ 

wnn_dl< jZfdZo wlh]h aZdhgZ ihemqbeb h[tykg_gb_ fgh]b_

hq_\b^gu_ iZjZ^hdkunZjfZdheh]bb

< wg^hdjbgheh]bb ijbgylh kqblZlvqlh_keb g_hqbs_ggZy

\uly`dZ `_e_aufh`_l [ulvjZa^_e_gZ gZ^\_ njZdpbbh[eZ^Zxsb_

dZq_kl\_ggh jZaebqguf^_ckl\b_flh wlhkem`bl ^hdZaZl_evkl\hf

lh]hqlh i_j\hgZqZevguc g_hqbs_gguc ij_iZjZl kh^_j`Ze ^\_

Zdlb\gu_ khklZ\eyxsb_dhlhju_ jZaebqZebkv ih obfbq_kdhfm

khklZ\m bdhlhju_ l_i_jvhl^_e_gu ^jm]hl ^jm]Z< hlghr_gbb

lZdbo `_e_adZdgZijbf_j]bihnba bieZp_glZ\ujZ[Zlu\Zxsbo

jZaebqgu_ ]hjfhguwlZ ZdkbhfZ [ueZb ijh^he`Z_lhklZ\Zlvky

hkgh\hc dZ`^hc^bkdmkkbbdZkZxs_cky ij_^iheZ]Z_fh]h hldjulby

gh\uo ]hjfhgh\B ijb \k_f ijb lhfhgZ eh`gZb \hldZdbf

h[jZahf fuwlh ^hdZaZeb

?keb ijb]hlh\blv jZkl\hjkh^_j`Zsbc \ hij_^_e_gghc

ijhihjpbb kdZ`_f^\Z obfbq_kdb qbkluogh

nZjfZdheh]bq_kdb ZglZ]hgbklbq_kdbo]hjfhgZlh^Z\Zy h^bg b

lhl `_ jZkl\hj \ fZeuo b [hevrbo^haZofu fh`_fihemqblv

dZq_kl\_ggh jZaebqgu_Z bgh]^Zb ^bZf_ljZevghijhlb\hiheh`gu_

wnn_dlu>Z\gh ba\_klghd ijbf_jmqlh nheebdmehb^ beb

wkljh]_ggh_kh_^bg_gb_ gZijbf_jwkljZ^bhe\uau\Z_l mdjuk

hjh]h\_gb_ \eZ]ZebsZ\lh\j_fy dZd kh_^bg_gb_ `_elh]h l_eZ

gZijbf_jijh]_kl_jhg\u^_e_gb_ kebab?keb fZeu_^hau

wkljZ^bheZdZd jZa ^hklZlhqgu_qlh[u \ua\Zlv hjh]h\_gb_

^Zxlky kh\f_klgh k \ukhdbfb ^haZfb ijh]_kl_jhgZwnn_dl

hjh]h\_gby iheghklvxmkljZgy_lky \lhjufkh_^bg_gb_f b\eZ]Zebs_

gZqbgZ_l \u^_eylvkebavFu ihdZaZeb\ijhq_fqlh jZkl\hj

kh^_j`Zsbc \ nbdkbjh\Zgghc ijhihjpbb kf_kv wkljZ^bheZ b

ijh]_kl_jhgZ\ gbadbo^haZo \uau\Z_lhjh]h\_gb_Z \ \ukhdbo

\u^_e_gb_ kebabIh\b^bfhfmhq_gv fZeu_^hau wkljZ^bheZ

kihkh[gu ijhba\h^blvijZdlbq_kdb fZdkbfZevguc wnn_dldhlhjuc

g_ mkljZgy_lkyfZeufb ^haZfbijh]_kl_jhgZGh ihf_j_ lh]hdZd

^hau h[hbo kh_^bg_gbc \hajZklZxl[ehdbjmxs__ ^_ckl\b_

ijh]_kl_jhgZ ihkl_i_ggh gZqbgZ_l ij_h[eZ^Zlvihkdhevdm

bgl_gkb\ghklv _]h ijh^he`Z_l \hajZklZlv ih f_j_ m\_ebq_gby

^hau\ lh \j_fy dZdijhlb\hiheh`gh_ ^_ckl\b_wkljZ^bheZ g_

mkbeb\Z_lky

Qlh[u ijh^_fhgkljbjh\Zlv rbjhdmx ijbf_gbfhklv wlhc

dhgp_ipbbjZkkfhljbf _s_ h^bg ijbf_j ba ^jm]hc h[eZklb

wg^hdjbgheh]bbOhjhrh ba\_klgh qlh m djuk k m^Ze_ggufb

gZ^ihq_qgbdZfb jZa\blb_wdki_jbf_glZevgh \ua\Zggh]h\hkiZe_gby

fh`_l [ulv ijbhklZgh\e_gh k ihfhsvx h[eZ^Zxs_]h

Zglb\hkiZebl_evguf ^_ckl\b_fdhjlbdhb^Z gZijbf_jdhjlbaheZb

qlh lZdh_bg]b[bjh\Zgb_ \hkiZebl_evgh]hijhp_kkZ \k\hx hq_j_^v

[ehdbjm_lky kihkh[kl\mxsbf \hkiZe_gbx ]hjfhghf gZijbf_j

^_ahdkbdhjlbdhkl_jhgZp_lZlhfbeb >D:H^gZdh fh`gh

ijb]hlh\blv kf_kvkh^_j`Zsmx h[Z wlbo ]hjfhgZ \ g_dh_c

aZ^Zgghc ijhihjpbbb lh]^Z __ fZeh_ dhebq_kl\h [m^_l

klbfmebjh\ZlvZ [hevrh_ bg]b[bjh\Zlv \hkiZe_gb_

>_ckl\bl_evgh_keb l_i_jvjZa[Z\blv qZklvwlh]h jZkl\hjZlh

\hkiZebl_evghfm ^_ckl\bx jZa\_^_ggh]h jZkl\hjZ fh`gh

\hkij_iylkl\h\Zlv h^gh\j_f_gguf \\_^_gb_f [he__

dhgp_gljbjh\Zggh]h bkoh^gh]h jZkl\hjZWlh y\e_gb_hiylvlZdb

h[tykgy_lky aZdhghfi_j_k_dZxsboky djb\uo^haZ wnn_dldZd

wlh ihdZaZghgZ jbkmgd_

AZf_lbfqlh wnn_dl ^_ckl\by >D: j_adh \hajZklZ_lgh

[ukljh ^hklb]Z_l ihklhyggh]h mjh\gy ijb \_ebqbg_ ^hau

h[hagZq_gghc Wnn_dl ^_ckl\by dhjlbaheZ \hajZklZ_l

f_^e_gg__gh \ blh]_ ^hklb]Z_l agZqbl_evgh[he__ \ukhdh]h

ieZlh ijb^ha_ Wlb djb\u_ih^oh^yl lZd`_b ^eybeexkljZpbb

jZg__ mihfygmlh]h ZglZ]hgbafZ f_`^m wkljZ^bhehf b

ijh]_kl_jhghfk lhc ebrv jZagbp_cqlh ijbwlhf fbr_gvx

y\ey_lky g_\hkiZe_gb_Z hjh]h\_gb_\eZ]ZebsZ

Ke_^m_l ihfgblvqlh aZdhgi_j_k_dZxsboky djb\uo^haZ 

wnn_dlh[mkeh\e_g g_\aZbfghc obfbq_kdhcg_cljZebaZpb_c ^\mo

kh_^bg_gbcZ ijhlb\h^_ckl\mxsbfb \aZbfhk\yayfb f_`^m ^\mfy

nZjfZdheh]bq_kdbfb k\hckl\Zfb<hl ihq_fmhg fh`_lijhy\eylvky

dhjlbahe

^haZ 

^Z`_ \ jZaebqguo^haZo h^gh]hb lh]h`_ kh_^bg_gby_keb

ihke_^g__ h[eZ^Z_l ^\mfy g_aZ\bkbfufb b ihl_gpbZevgh

ZglZ]hgbklbq_kdbfb nZjfZdheh]bq_kdbfb k\hckl\ZfbL_klhkl_jhg

dZd jZab y\ey_lkylZdbf kh_^bg_gb_fihkdhevdm hg \uau\Z_l

hjh]h\_gb_ \eZ]ZebsZijb gbadbo^haZo b\u^_e_gb_ kebabijb

\ukhdboFu lZd`_ \b^_ebqlh \ kbem ZgZeh]bqguo ijbqbg

l_klhkl_jhg \uau\Z_l Zljhnbx gZ^ihq_qgbdh\ ijb gbadboZ

]bi_jljhnbx ijb \ukhdbo^haZo

Ba kdZaZggh]hfh`_l keh`blvky \i_qZle_gb_qlh y\e_gb_

i_j_k_dZxsboky djb\uo ^haZ wnn_dlkihkh[gh \\_klb \

aZ[em`^_gb_ lhevdh \ lhf kemqZ__keb nZjfZdheh]bq_kdb_

k\hckl\Z h^gh]h ij_iZjZlZ ijhlb\hj_qZl k\hckl\Zf^jm]h]h<

^_ckl\bl_evghklb `_ wlh y\e_gb_ fh`_l ^Z`_ ihjh`^Zlv

dZq_kl\_ggh gh\u_ wnn_dluGZijbf_jdZd \b^gh ba

\ur_ijb\_^_ggh]h jbkmgdZgb \hkiZebl_evgu_gb

ijhlb\h\hkiZebl_evgu_ k\hckl\Z dhjlbdhb^ghckf_kb g_y\eyxlky

h^ghagZqgufb \lhqd_ i_j_k_q_gbylZdbf h[jZahfgb h^gh ba

^_ckl\bc wlhckf_kb ba[bjZl_evghmkljZgy_lky bah[s_c dZjlbgu

: ihkdhevdm^jm]b_ k\hckl\Z>D: bdhjlbaheZ g_y\eyxlky \aZbfgh

ijhlb\hj_qb\ufb gZijbf_jkh]eZkgh jbkmgdm\ebygb_ dhjlbaheZ

gZ hleh`_gb_]ebdh]_gZ \i_q_gb g_ih^Z\ey_lky >D:gb ijbdZdbo

^haZoihklhevdm bo ^jm]b_ ^_ckl\by kdZ`_fih^^_j`Zgb_

dhjlbdhb^Zfb `bag_kihkh[ghklb ijb g_^hklZlhqghklb

gZ^ihq_qgbdh\\aZbfgh mkbeb\ZxlkyE_]dh ij_^klZ\blvk_[_qlh

bkke_^h\Zl_evbf_xsbc g_kdhevdh ijh[bjhdkh^_j`Zsbo lhevdh

wlb ^\Zkl_jhb^Z \h^ghc blhc `_ ijhihjpbbgh k jZaebqghc

dhgp_gljZpb_c jZkl\hjZfh`_l ijbclbd aZdexq_gbxqlh \h\k_o

ijh[bjdZo kh^_j`Zlkykh\_jr_ggh jZaebqgu_]hjfhgu \qbklhf \b^_

beb ihdjZcg_c f_j_jy^ ]hjfhgh\\ jZaebqguoijhihjpbyo

Y jZkkfhlj_e y\e_gb_ i_j_k_dZxsboky djb\uo ^haZ 

wnn_dl^h\hevgh ih^jh[ghihkdhevdm hghij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc

gZb[he__ jZkijhkljZg_ggmxijbqbgm hrb[hd\ l_oh[eZklyo gZmdb

dhlhjufb yaZgbfZxkvwg^hdjbgheh]bb bbkke_^h\Zgbb klj_kkZ

J:KOH>YSB?KY DJB<U?<J?FY WNN?DL

:gZeh]bqgZy ijh[e_fZ \hagbdZ_l \ lhf kemqZ_dh]^Z

jZaebqgu_ ^_ckl\byh^gh]h b lh]h `_ nZdlhjZ ijhy\eyxlky g_

h^gh\j_f_ggh

Ijb\_^_f ijbf_jba gZrbobkke_^h\Zgbc ihklj_kkm bh[s_fm

Z^ZilZpbhgghfm kbg^jhfmI_j_oh^ f_`^mlj_fy lbibqgufbklZ^byfb

kbg^jhfZ j_Zdpby lj_\h]bklZ^by mklhcqb\hklb b klZ^by

bklhs_gbyg_ j_adbcgZ[ex^Z_lky g_dhlhjZyjZafulhklv ]jZgbpb

hij_^_e_ggu_ ijbagZdb ijhy\e_gby ^\moklZ^bcKijZ\_^eb\hklv

kdZaZggh]h g_aZ\bkbl hllh]hdZdbf klj_kkhjhf\ua\Zg kbg^jhf

ihwlhfm gb`_ijb\_^_ggucjbkmghd fh`_l ihkem`blv beexkljZpb_c

jZkoh^ysboky djb\uo\j_fy wnn_dlijb klj_kk_\hh[s_

Fu \b^bfqlh djb\u_hibku\Zxsb_ khhl\_lkl\_gghl_g^_gpbx

d hl_dmebib^u gZ^ihq_qgbdh\mklhcqb\hklv dklj_kkm b\_k

lbfmkZg_ i_j_k_dZxlkyh^gh\j_f_ggh ijbkf_g_ klZ^bb j_Zdpbb

lj_\h]b klZ^b_c mklhcqb\hklb b aZl_fklZ^b_c bklhs_gbyWlh

h[tykgy_lky jZaebqghckl_i_gvx bg_jpbbm jZaguo fbr_g_c

klj_kkZ

Hq_\b^gh_keb ex[hc Z]_gl \uau\Z_llZdb_ jZkoh^ysb_ky

djb\u_ \j_fy wnn_dl\ jZaguo fbr_gyolh h[sbc \b^

j_Zdpbb fh`_l hdZaZlvky kh\_jr_ggh jZaebqguf \ ^\mo

wdki_jbf_glZo ijhklh ihlhfmqlh hgb [ueb aZdhgq_gu b

ih^\_j]gmlu ZgZebam \ jZagh_ \j_fyJZamf__lkykl_i_gv

jZa\blby kbg^jhfZ\ p_ehfd ^Zgghfm fhf_glm \j_f_gb aZ\bkbl

lZd`_ hl fgh`_kl\Z ijhqbo nZdlhjh\dhlhju_ g_e_]dh

dhgljhebjh\Zlv b ^Z`_ jZkihagZ\Zlv gZijbf_jkhklhygb_

iblZgby^habjh\dZ bkdhjhklv ih]ehs_gby\\h^bfh]h \_s_kl\Z

klj_kkhjZ\ebygb_ g_ ih^^Zxsboky dhgljhex aZ]jyag_gbc

l_fi_jZlmjZ hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u

I?J?>:LHQG:Y KL:GPBY

Ij_^iheh`bfgZ[ex^_gby ihdZaZebqlh dZdklbfme 6lZd b

]hjfhg wg^hdjbgghc`_e_au Lfh]ml ^_ckl\h\ZlvgZ fbr_gvL<

lZdhf kemqZ_g_khfg_gghl_hjbyml\_j`^ZxsZyqlh lhevdh L

kihkh[_g \ha^_ckl\h\Zlv gZ L[m^_l y\gh eh`ghcGh _keb

ijh[e_fZ knhjfmebjh\ZgZ bf_ggh lZdbf h[jZahf\_kvfZ

kh[eZagbl_evgh kq_klv \ur_mihfygmlh_ ml\_j`^_gb_

kZfhhq_\b^gufH^gZdh hgh hklZ\ey_l [_a \gbfZgby \hafh`gu_

hkeh`g_gbyh[mkeh\e_ggu_ l_fqlh i_j_^ZqZ hkms_kl\eyeZkv

q_j_a LOhly ex[hcwg^hdjbgheh] agZ_lqlh \ dhg_qghf kq_l_

\kydh_ klbfmebjmxs__ \ha^_ckl\b_ ]eZg^mehljhiguo]hjfhgh\

]bihnbaZ gZ`_e_au i_j_^Z_lky bf_ggh lZdbf h[jZahfl_f g_

f_g__ gZijZdlbd_ wlZhrb[dZ \_kvfZjZkijhkljZg_gZ

Eh`ghklv \ur_ijb\_^_gghc bdZaZehkv [ug_ \uau\Zxs_c

khfg_gby Zdkbhfu klZgh\blky hq_\b^ghc ijb jZkkfhlj_gbb

ke_^mxs_c ko_fu

OhlydZd ihdZaZgh gZ ko_f_fh`_l hq_\b^gufh[jZahf

\ha^_ckl\h\Zlv gZLh^gZdh klhev `_ kijZ\_^eb\h [ueh [u

ml\_j`^Zlvqlh lhevdh L \ khklhygbb\ha^_ckl\h\Zlv gZL

ihkdhevdm hdZau\Z_l ^_ckl\b_ gZ dhg_qgmx fbr_gvbf_ggh

q_j_a wlmi_j_^Zlhqgmx klZgpbx

< gZr_f bgklblml_ fu klhedgmebkv k^Zgghc ijh[e_fhck

k\yab k \hkijhba\_^_gb_f h^gh]h ihq_qgh]h aZ[he_\Zgby

g_njhkde_jhaZk ihfhsvxf_lbeZg^jhkl_g^bheZ F:>DZd yjZg__

ihdZaZe \ kbkl_fZlbq_kdbowdki_jbf_glZo kg_kdhevdbfb khlgyfb

kl_jhb^h\g_njhkde_jha \uau\Zxl lhevdh l_ ba gbodhlhju_

h[eZ^Zxl fbg_jZehdhjlbdhb^ghc Zdlb\ghklvxIhwlhfm h[h[s_gb_

kh]eZkgh dhlhjhfmg_njhkde_jhlbq_kdh_ ^_ckl\b_l_kgh k\yaZgh k

fbg_jZehdhjlbdhb^guf wnn_dlhfij_^klZ\eyehkv hijZ\^Zgguf

AZl_f h^bg ba fhbo [u\rbo klm^_glh\Nehc^ Kd_elhg

him[ebdh\Ze qj_a\uqZcgh bgl_j_kgmx klZlvx\ dhlhjhc hg

ihdZaZeqlh F:> lZd`_\uau\Z_l g_njhkde_jhaWlh kh_^bg_gb_

ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hcl_klhb^beb fm`kdhc iheh\hc ]hjfhgHgh

hij_^_e_ggh g_ h[eZ^Z_l gbdZdbfb fbg_jZehdhjlbdhb^gufb

k\hckl\Zfb[he__ lh]h_fm \hh[s_g_ k\hckl\_ggZ dhjlbdhb^gZy

Zdlb\ghklv>Z`_ \obfbq_kdhf hlghr_gbbhgh kh\_jr_gghhlebqgh

hl \k_o]hjfhgh\ dhjugZ^ihq_qgbdh\

Wlhl nZdlbgljb]h\Ze gZk \ l_q_gb_ ba\_klgh]h \j_f_gb

ihdZ \khljm^gbq_kl\_ kWjg_klh KZev]Z^hfu g_h[gZjm`bebqlh

F:> g_ hdZau\Z_l g_njhkde_jhlbq_kdh]h ^_ckl\by gZ djuk k

m^Ze_ggufb gZ^ihq_qgbdZfbohly gZ _]h l_klhb^gh_^_ckl\b_

klbfmeypby fm`kdbo \lhjbqguo iheh\uo ijbagZdh\m^Ze_gb_

gZ^ihq_qgbdh\ g_\eby_l

LZdbf h[jZahfklZeh hq_\b^gufqlhohly m^Ze_gb_

gZ^ihq_qgbdh\ gbdhbf h[jZahf g_ ij_iylkl\m_l ^_ckl\byf

oZjZdl_jguf ^ey F:>hgh g_ iha\hey_l _fm \uau\Zlv

g_njhkde_jhaH[tykg_gb_f wlhfm y\e_gbxih \k_c \b^bfhklb

fh`_l kem`blv lh h[klhyl_evkl\hqlh g_njhkde_jhlbq_kdh_

^_ckl\b_ F:>y\ey_lky ke_^kl\b_f dZdhclh hrb[db h[f_gZ\

kZfhc dhj_ gZ^ihq_qgbdh\ih^ _]h \ebygb_f de_ldb dhju