Encyclopedia of Russian History

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five-hundred-day plan, 504–505

Gaidar and, 537–538

Gorbachev, relationship with,

560–561, 581, 582

Gosbank, 587–588

human rights, 642

Inter-Regional Deputies’ Group,

674–675

Iraq, relations with, 676

Japan, relations with, 700

Khasbulatov’s opposition to,

738–739

Kiriyenko, appointment of, 758

Kokoshin, appointments of, 761

Korzhakov, aide, 776–777

Kovalev, appointment of, 781

Kozyrev and, 783

Kremlinology, 788

land policy, 822

liberalism, 861

Luzhkov, support from, 880

Ministry for Internal Affairs,

948

near abroad, 1031–1032

October 1993 events, 1084–1086

oligarchs, 420–421

party congresses, 1142

People’s Party of Free Russia’s op-

position to, 1161

Political Advisory Council, 1338

presidency, 1220

Primakov, relationship with,

1223

Putin’s role in administration,

1254–1255

railways, 1267

Referendum of April 1993, 1277

Referendum of December 1993,

1277–1278

RSFSR Congress and Supreme So-

viet, dissolution of, 486

Russian Movement for Democra-

tic Reform (RMDR), 979

Russian Orthodox Church, 1321

Rutskoi and, 1337–1338

Shumeiko’s role in administra-

tion, 1390–1391

Soskovets, appointments of,

1430

State Secretary appointments,

1362

Stepashin’s support of, 1477

Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty

(START II), 87–88

Treaty on Forming a Commu-

nity, 1313

Union Republics’ sovereignty,

1280–1281

vodka industry, 31

Yavlinksky’s challenge to, 1704

Yeni Musavat Partiyasi, 982

Yerevan, 1336

Yermak, 1564

Yermak, Timofeyevich, 1710

Yermolin Chronicle, 255

Yermoova, Maria, 1537

Yesenin, Sergei Alexandrovich,

1710–1711

Yevtushenko, Yevgeny Alexan-

drovich, 1711–1712

Yezhov, Nikolai Ivanovich, 1472,

1712–1713

Yiddish, 149–150, 185–186, 703

Young-Guardists. See Russian Asso-

ciation of Proletarian Writers

(RAPP)

Young Pioneers, 88–89, 314

Young Russia (Zaichnevsky), 1209

Young Turks, 80, 116, 545, 795

Youth

Communist Youth Organization,

313–314

stiliagi, 1478–1479

Ysyakh, 1345

Yudenich, Nikolai Nikolayevich,

1677–1679, 1713–1714

Yugoslavia

Communist Information Bureau,

302

indicative planning, 659

Khrushchev, Nikita, 748

market socialism, 895

relations with, 1714–1715

Soviet split with, 275–276

Yurchenko, Vitaly, 370

Yuri Danilovich, 403, 1715–1716

Yuri Dmitrievich, 128, 265

Yuriev, Boris N., 103

Yuriev clan, 1296

Yuri Velten, 984

Yuri Vladimirovich, 695–696, 753,

1716

Yuri Vsevolodovich, 1716–1717

Yusupov, Felix, 1270

ZHELYABOV, ANDREI IVANOVICH

INDEX

1827

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RUSSIAN HISTORY

Zadonshchina, 1719

Zagotovka, 1719–1720

Zaichnevsky, Peter G., 1209

Zaikonospassky monastery, 910

Zakharins, 1296

Zakharov, Andreian, 10–11, 72,

541, 1036–1037

Zakharova, Larissa, 38

Zamyatin, Yevgeny, 1354

“Zapiski iz podpol’ia” (Dos-

toyevsky), 410

Zapiski (journal), 5

Zarutsky, Ivan, 951, 1216,

1551–1552

Zaseka. See Frontier fortifications

Zaslavskaya, Tatiana Ivanovna,

1075, 1720

Zasulich, Vera Ivanovna,

1720–1721

Zavadovsky, Peter, 1410

Zboriv, Battle of, 742

Zealots of Piety, 104, 1056–1057,

1147, 1721

Zechariah, 712

Zemgor, 1723

Zemlya i Volya, 669

Zemshchina, 1111

Zemstvo, 1721–1723

Alexander II, 870

health care services, 628

limitation of powers, 40

Milyutin’s role in establishment

of, 944

reform, 604–605, 615

zemstvo movement, 337

Zero-option, 1723–1724

Zhdanov, Andrei Alexandrovich,

1724, 1724–1725

Akhmatova and, 22

Communist Information Bureau,

302

economics, 1652

Kosygin and, 778

Malenkov, power struggle with,

846

socialist realism, 1416, 1418

Zhdanovshchina, 1146

Zhelyabov, Andrei Ivanovich,

1725–1726

Volume 1, pp: 1–424; Volume 2, pp: 425–882; Volume 3, pp: 883–1342; Volume 4, pp: 1343–1828

Zhenotdel, 75, 496, 763,

1726–1728

Zhensovety, 1728–1729

Zhirinovsky, Vladimir Volfovich,

858, 1406, 1729, 1729–1730

Zhivkov, Todor, 184–185

Zhordania, Noe Nikolayevich, 1730

Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich,

737, 766, 970, 1730–1732,

1731

Zhukovsky, Nikolai Yegorovich, 6,

103, 1732

Zhukovsky, Vasily, 35, 1302, 1303

Zimin, Alexander, 128

Zimmerwald movement, 902, 1263

Zinin, Nikolai Nikolayevich, 5

Zinoviev, Grigory Yevseyevich,

1732–1733

July Days of 1917, 713

party congresses, 1140

show trial, 1249, 1389

Stalin, break with, 720, 838,

1576

United Opposition, 1615

Zinoviev letter, 1732, 1733

INDEX

ZHENOTDEL

1828

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RUSSIAN HISTORY

Zionism, 705, 1003, 1009

Zorkin, Valery, 318

Zoshchenko, Mikhail, 1418

Zosima, Metropolitan, 712, 713,

1424, 1543

Zoya (movie), 778

Zubatov, Sergei Vasilievich, 539,

1185–1186, 1733–1734

Zubov, Platon, 32

Zvezda, 673–674

Zyuganov, Gennady Andreyevich,

305–306, 1734–1735, 1735

Volume 1, pp: 1–424; Volume 2, pp: 425–882; Volume 3, pp: 883–1342; Volume 4, pp: 1343–1828

POWER,

POLITICS, &

TECHNOLOGY

A makeshift memorial stands before the

Chernobyl nuclear plant in Ukraine, 1992,

six years after the accident. Ironically, the

testing of security equipment triggered a

malfunction, blowing the roof off the reactor,

and causing the worst nuclear disaster in

history. © GROCHOWIAK EWA/CORBIS

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2 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RUSSIAN HISTORY

AN ILLUSTRATED RUSSIAN HISTORY

Below: The Chernobyl nuclear plant, 1986,

six months after the accident. An estimated

3.5 million people continue to live in the

100,000-square-mile contaminated zone.

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AN ILLUSTRATED RUSSIAN HISTORY

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RUSSIAN HISTORY 3

Top: A serviceman passes by an opened

SS-18 intercontinental ballistic multiple-

warhead Satan missile silo in the town of

Kartaly in Russian’s Chelyabinsky region,

August 16, 2002. Western intelligence

experts fear lax security at Russia’s 15,000

non-strategic tactical nuclear weapons sites

present a greater danger than an accidental

launch. © REUTERS NEWMEDIA INC./CORBIS

Middle: The Kursk nuclear submarine in its

mooring in the base of Vidyayevo. The Kursk

sank in the Barents Sea on August 12, 2000,

Bottom: Deactivation of nuclear missiles

in Surovatikha, Russia, January, 1995.

Following the collapse of the USSR, Belarus,

Kazakhstan, and Ukraine surrendered all

the Soviet nuclear weapons stationed on

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4 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RUSSIAN HISTORY

AN ILLUSTRATED RUSSIAN HISTORY

Top: Soviet troops parade through Palace

Square, Leningrad, under the watchful gaze

of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Vladimir

Lenin. The square was the starting point for

both the Revolution of 1905 (Bloody Sunday)

CIOL/CORBIS

Bottom: A unit of Soviet soldiers march in

Red Square on the 70th anniversary of the

TURNLEY/CORBIS

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AN ILLUSTRATED RUSSIAN HISTORY

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RUSSIAN HISTORY 5

Top left: The Russian Flag. Peter the Great

returned from the Netherlands with plans

for a Russian navy and introduced a tricolor

flag inspired by the Dutch flag. Originally

adopted as the national flag in 1799, the

tricolor returned in 1991 after the fall of

Below: Demonstrators take to the streets of

Moscow to defend democracy during the

anti-Gorbachev coup, August 1991. Key

Soviet leaders, including the vice president,

feared Gorbachev’s policy of democratiza-

tion would mean the end of the Soviet

Union, and their own power, and placed him

under house arrest. The coup was thwarted

by its planners’ incompetence, popular

resistance, and Russian President Boris

Yeltsin, who banned the Communist Party

TURNLEY/CORBIS

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6 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RUSSIAN HISTORY

AN ILLUSTRATED RUSSIAN HISTORY

Top: Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev

stands at the podium with U.S. President

Ronald Reagan at a White House summit,

December 7, 1987. The two leaders ushered

in the end of the Cold War, which had seen

the two nations at odds since the ending of

Middle: U.S. President Bill Clinton (right)

laughing with Russian President Boris Yeltsin

during a press conference after their

meeting at Hyde Park, October 23, 1995.

Bottom: Russian President Vladimir Putin

after adjusting the ribbon on a wreath

placed outside the mausoleum of late

president Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi, March 2,

2001. The Soviet Union had backed Vietnam

(Indochine) in its struggle for independence

from France, and during the war against the

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AN ILLUSTRATED RUSSIAN HISTORY

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RUSSIAN HISTORY 7

Top left: Two Chechen rebels, armed with a

heavy machine gun, rest from patrolling the

city. They are fighting Russian troops for

Below: A woman cries after another woman

is badly injured by a Russian shell in

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8 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RUSSIAN HISTORY

AN ILLUSTRATED RUSSIAN HISTORY

Top right: A Proton rocket carrying the

Zvezda (meaning "star" in Russian) service

module is being prepared at the launch pad

at Baikonur, Kazakhstan, July 8, 2000.

Zvezda, an integral part of the International

Space Station, is responsible for the crew

living quarters, life support systems,

electrical power distribution, data

processing systems, flight control systems,

Below: The Russian Space Station MIR

(meaning both “peace” and “world” in

Russian) photographed from the cargo bay

of the U.S. Space Shuttle Atlantis. The first

module of MIR was launched February 20,

1986. After far exceeding its expected

service life, the station was destroyed

through controlled re-entry over the Pacific

Ocean on March 23, 2001. CORBIS

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