Дахно І.І. Історія країн світу
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
641
E; &:' >+=':@AAH I$PK:%,B$FA'< ,'%E$B$< / @:G'=A$F %!$ +% J'+'=A$>+? =$!,;A/+;
=>$ $!@'E'J$*A$ +% &%:+$FA$ >/&@:@*,; I$P &'E$+;*A;I; >;E%I;, H,$ ='A; &:@!>+%=-
EHE;. $PK:%,B$FA@ 'D’Q!A%AAH '!@:P%E' A%N=/ «% ,:%<A/, !@I',:%+$O, &%:E%-
I@A+%:;NI».
$% !" ! 2002 . 'E'=% @:G'=A'J' /!/ ,:%<A; %>;E?
%EH:@A,' I%= N/>+:$* N J'E'='O %B$'A%E?A'< >&$E,; P/:A%E$>+$= ,:%<A; J':@I
/D*@A,'I. DJ'=':O=%E; &:%,+;,/ :'NJEH!/ >/!%I; >&:%= R'!' N%G;>+/ *@>+$, J$-
!A'>+$ +% !$E'='< :@&/+%B$< F =$!M,'!/=%AAH I':%E?A'< M,'!;, =$!&'=$!%*%I; = H,;G
Q P/:A%E$>+; +% N%>'D; I%>'='< $AK':I%B$<.
18 ! 2002 . @=’H+? &%:+$F &%:E%I@A+>?,'< D$E?M'>+$ '&:;EO!A;E; &:'-
&'N;B$O — >+=':;+; &%:E%I@A+>?,/ I$E$B$O !EH =:@J/EO=%AAH / @:G'=A$F %!$
,'AKE$,+A;G >;+/%B$F.
19 ! 2002 . ;Q=$ =$!D/E;>H /,:%<A>?,'-A$I@B?,$ &@:@J'=':; &:' >+='-
:@AAH I$PA%:'!A'J' J%N'='J' ,'A>':B$/I/.
19 ! 2002 . $PA%:'!A% J:/&% &:'+;!$< E@J%E$N%B$< D:/!A;G ,'M+$=
(FATF) &:;FAHE% :$M@AAH &:' N%&:'=%!P@AAH >%A,B$F &:'+; ,:%<A;. FATF A@ N%-
!'='E?A;E; !@,$E?,% &'E'P@A? /G=%E@A'J' @:G'=A'O %!'O ,:%<A; N%,'A/ &:'
D':'+?D/ N =$!I;=%AAHI «D:/!A;G» J:'M@F.
22 ! 2002 . 19.45 = !@>$ / >='QI/ J%:%P$ D$EH =E%>A'J' D/!;A,/ =D;+'
J@A@:%E?A'J' !;:@,+':% %,B$'A@:A'< :;D'&:'I;>E'='< ,'I&%A$< «A+%:,+;,%» %-
E@:$H ;G%FE'=;*% :%=*@A,%.
. :%=*@A,' &'=@:A/=>H N !:/P;A'O =$! >='Q< I%+@:$, H,% &:'P;=%E% / :%FB@A-
+:$ $EH<=,%. '>+%=;= %=+'I'D$E? / J%:%P. D;=BH N:'D;= *'+;:; &'>+:$E; N &$>+'-
E@+% %,%:'=%.
23 ! 2002 . 17.59 N% ,;<=>?,;I *%>'I &:; &$!E?'+$ !' %@:'&':+/ I. >-
K%G%A (:%A) N%NA%= ,%+%>+:'K; E$+%, A-140. $A A%E@P%= /,:%<A>?,$F %=$%,'I&%A$<
«@:'I$>+-%:,$=». ;,'A/=%= :@F> %:,$=->K%G%A. % D':+/ &@:@D/=%E' 48 '>$D —
42 &%>%P;:; +% 6 *E@A$= @,$&%P/. >$ N%J;A/E;. 'I$P N%J;DE;G — 39 J:'I%!HA
,:%<A;.
%>%P;:%I; E$+%,% D/E; &@:@=%PA' ,@:$=A;,; +% K%G$=B$ %=$%B$FA;G &$!&:;-
QI>+=, H,$ =;'+'=EHO+? E$+%,; I%:,; «A» = ,:%<A$, '>$< (>%I%:>?,;F N%='!
«=$%,':») +% :%A$. @+$E; A% =;&:'D/=%AAH !:/J'J' >@:$FA'J' E$+%,% Irn-140,
>@D+' $:%A>?,'J' I'A+%P/ /,:%<A>?,'< I%M;A;.
'I%A!;:'I ,':%DEH D/= E?'+*;,-=;&:'D/=%* !:/J'J ,E%>/ @A%!$F AB;D':.
A?'J' D/E' 160 A%E$+%A;G A% A — 140 J'!;A (% =>?'J' — 2 +;>. J'!;A). P@
=;,'A%= 7 &'>%!', = >K%G%A$. :/J;F &$E'+-E?'+*;, =;&:'D/=%* &@:M'J' ,E%>/
@:J$F %F*@A,' (6000 J'!;A A%E?'+/, &'I$P A;G 651 J'!;A% A% A-140, I%=
16 &'>%!', = >K%G%A$). ;>/=%E;>H +:; =@:>$<: =$!I'=% !=;J/A%, &'I;E,% &$E'+%,
!;=@:>$FA;F %,+.
A%F!@A' '>+%A,; =>$G N%J;DE;G $ '!;A D':+'=;F >%I'&;>@B?.
! 2002 . @:M;F = ,:%<A$ &%I’H+A;, H*@>E%=/ ':A'='-
E/ =$!,:;+' / 'E'*@=$ (?=$=>?,% 'DE.). %=@>A$ 1989 :',/ / B?'I/ I$>+$ . ':A'-
=$E &:'=$= !=% '>+%AA$ +;PA$ N &’H+A%!BH+; :',$= /=’HNA@A? +% N%>E%A?, H,$ F'I/ >/-
!;E'>H =$!D/+; N% :%!HA>?,$ *%>;.
$!,:;++H &%I’H+A;,% D/E' &$!E%M+'=%A' !' 65-:$**H N !AH A%:'!P@AAH . ':A'-
='E%. % /:'*;>+'>+HG D/E; &:;>/+A$ =!'=% . ':A'='E% — +@A% %M,', >;A %-
:%> — A%:'!A;F !@&/+%+ ,:%<A;. /E' +%,'P D%J%+' J'>+@F N ?=$=>?,'<, 'E;A>?-
,'<, @:A'&$E?>?,'<, =%A'-:%A,$=>?,'<, 'A@B?,'< +% $AM;G 'DE%>+@F ,:%<A; $
=+'A'IA'< @>&/DE$,; :;I.
$A%A>/=%E'>H >&':/!P@AAH &%I’H+A;,% N% J:'M$, N$D:%A$ &' EO!HG.
642
! 2002 . $E?>?,'J'>&'!%:>?,@ +'=%:;>+=' «J:','ID$A%+
“E'D'P%A>?,;F”» (/J/<=>?,;F :%F'A %:,$=>?,% 'DE.) =$!J'!/=%E' N &'*%+,/
2002 :',/ &'A%! 100 +;>H* J'E$= >=;A@F. @:@!AH =%J% ,'PA'< +=%:;A; — 142 ,J.
2001 :'B$ D/E' =$!J'!'=%A' 84 +;>. >=;A@F, / 2000 :'B$ — 70 +;>.
'ID$A%+ N%D@N&@*/=%= =$!J'!$=EO 20 =$!>'+,$= >=;A;A; %:,$=>?,'< 'DE%>+$.
! 2002 . '>$H D/E% A%FD$E?M;I ,:@!;+':'I ,:%<A;. +%-
A'I A% 30 E;>+'&%!% D':J ,:%<A; '>$< >+%A'=;= 1 778 856 000 !'E%:$= (12,9 % >/-
,/&A'J' N'=A$MA?'J' D':J/ ,:%<A;).
$PA%:'!A;I ':J%A$N%B$HI, R' '&$,/O+?>H @,'A'I$*A;I :'N=;+,'I, ,:%<A% N%-
D':J/=%E% 2 570 939 000 !'E%:$= (18,54 % =$! >/,/&A'J' D':J/). ':J $A'N@IA;I ,'-
I@:B$FA;I D%A,%I >HJ%= 2 805 000 !'E%:$=.
+%A'I A% 30 E;>+'&%!% >/,/&A;F &:HI;F N'=A$MA$F D':J ,:%<A; >+%A'=;=
7 936 000 000 !'E%:$=.
! 2002 . ;Q=$ = &%E%B$ «,:%<A%» =$!D/=>H +:@+$F =$!D$:-
,'=;F +/: NI%J%A? =>@/,:%<A>?,'J' =',%E?A'-G':@'J:%K$*A'J' +@E@=$N$FA'J' !;+H-
*'J' ,'A,/:>/ «:', !' N$:',». *%>A;,%I; +/:/ D/E; =;G'=%AB$ !;+H*;G D/!;A,$=
+% M,$E-$A+@:A%+. 'A,/:> &:'='!;E; J:'I%!>?,;F ,'I$+@+ $ DE%J'!$FA;F !;+H*;F
K'A! «@:@J A%!$<».
! 2002 . %:'!A;F !@&/+%+ ,:%<A;, &'*@>A;F &:@N;!@A+
,'AB@:A/ «:E%A» =J@A @:='A@A,' N=@:A/=>H !' J@A@:%E?A'J' &:',/:':% ,:%<-
A; =H+'>E%=% $>,/A% N =;I'J'O &':/M;+; ,:;I$A%E?A/ >&:%=/ N% +@, R' 12 +%
16 J:/!AH 2002 :',/ A% +@:;+':$< &$!&:;QI>+= «:E%A :%A>» :'N&'=>O!P/=%-
E;>H %A+;>@I$+>?,$ E;>+$=,; D:/+%E?A'J' NI$>+/.
! 2002 . %:'!A;F !@&/+%+ ,:%<A;, *E@A K:%,B$< «%M%
,:%<A%» ":$F :'D@B? N%H=;=, R' N% =;G$! N B$Q< K:%,B$< F'I/ &:'&'A/=%E;
500 +;>. !'E%:$=.
25 ! 2002 . 'E'>$<=>?,;F I$>B@=;F >/! I. ;Q=% N%>/!;= !' &'ND%=E@AAH
='E$ A% +@:I$A =$! 2 !' 5 :',$= /*%>A;,$= %,B$< 9 D@:@NAH 2001 :',/ D$EH &%I’H+A;,%
. @=*@A,/ / I. ;Q=$. E', "E$< ;I'M@A,' =;>+/&;= $N N%H='O «='D'!/ &'E$-
+;*A;I =’HNAHI!».
$! *%> >/!'='J' N%>$!%AAH &:%=''G':'AB$ &'D;E; A%:'!A'J' !@&/+%+% . 'E;-
ABH (").
%>/!P@A$ A%E@P%E; !' -. @+=@:' *E@A$= B$Q< ':J%A$N%B$< D/E; N%>/-
!P@A$ /I'=A'.
26 ! 2002 . @:G'=A% %!% ,:%<A; N=@:A/E%>H !' @:G'=A'J' /!/
,:%<A; +% !' &@EHB$FA'J' >/!/ I. ;Q=% N &:'G%AAHI «/=%PA' :'NJEHA/+; >&:%=/
/*%>A;,$= %,B$< 9 D@:@NAH 2001 :',/, H,;G D/E' N%>/!P@A' 'E'>$<=>?,;I I$>B@=;I
>/!'I I. ;Q=%».
26 ! 2002 . @A? N%J%E?A'A%B$'A%E?A'< P%E'D; = ,:%<A$ N% N%J;DE;I;
23 J:/!AH = %=$%,%+%>+:'K$ / I. >K%G%A (:%A).
27 ! 2002 . %:,'=$ =$!D/E;>H &'G':'A; 27 J:'I%!HA ,:%<A;, H,$ N%J;-
A/E; 23 J:/!AH = %=$%,%+%>+:'K$ E$+%,% A-140 / :%F'A$ %@:'&':+/ I$>+% >K%G%A.
='G N%J;DE;G &'G'=%E; 28 J:/!AH.
>+%A,; 5 J:'I%!HA '>$< E$+%,'I =$!&:%=E@A' !' '>,=;. ' I$>+ ,:%<A;
=$!&:%=E@A' '>+%A,; !@>H+; N%J;DE;G (;<= — 6, %&':$PPH — 3, A$&:'&@+-
:'=>?, — 1).
1 2003 . % !%A;I; $A$>+@:>+=% 'G':'A; N!':'=’H ,:%<A; = ,:%<A$ N%-
:@Q>+:'=%A' 83 +;>. A%:,'I%A$=. %FP@ 90 =$!>'+,$= N A;G — EO!; =$,'I =$! 18 !'
28 :',$=. %G$=B$ P ==%P%E;, R' ,$E?,$>+? A%:,'I%A$= = ,:%<A$ =!@>H+@:' &@:@=;-
R/=%E% 'K$B$FA/.
643
2003 . 'E'=% 'I$+@+/ @:G'=A'< %!; N &;+%A? >='D'!;
>E'=% +% $AK':I%B$< ;,'E% 'I@A,' A%!$>E%= %G/A,'=$F &%E%+$ !@&/+%+>?,;F N%-
&;+ &:' !P@:@E% K$A%A>/=%AAH =;&/>,/ =$+%E?A;G E;>+$=',, H,$ A%!$FME; J:'I%!H-
A%I ,:%<A; A%&@:@!'!A$ '='J' :',/ =$! &:@N;!@A+% ,:%<A;.
2003 . %:E%I@A+>?,% K:%,B$H "E$< ;I'M@A,' &'!%E%
%&@EHB$FA/ >,%:J/ !' ;<=>?,'J' %&@EHB$FA'J' >/!/ A% :$M@AAH 'E'>$<=>?,'J' I$>-
B@='J' >/!/ I. ;Q=%, H,;I /*%>A;,$= %,B$< 9 D@:@NAH 2001 :',/ D/E' /=’HNA@A' =$! 2
!' 5 :',$=.
2003 . >@/,:%<A>?,% J:'I%!HA>?,% ':J%A$N%B$H «'AJ:@>
/,:%<AB$= 'EIR;A; $ $!EHMMH» =;I%J%E% &:'=@!@AAH &%:E%I@A+>?,;G >E/G%A? N
&;+%A? &'E$+;,'-&:%='='< 'B$A,; A%>;E?A;B?,'J' &@:@>@E@AAH /,:%<AB$= N +@:;+':$<
'E?R$, A%!%AAH =;>@E@A;I >+%+/>/ !@&':+'=%A;G +% =$!M,'!/=%AAH <I I':%E?A'<
+% I%+@:$%E?A'< M,'!;. 17 ':J%A$N%B$F 'AJ:@>/ %!:@>/=%E; N%H=/ &:' B@ 'E'=$
@:G'=A'< %!; ,:%<A; 'E'!;I;:/ ;+=;A/, J'E'=$ &%:E%I@A+>?,'J' ,'I$+@+/ N
&:%= EO!;A; +% A%B$'A%E?A;G I@AM;A @AA%!$O !'=@A,/ +% E$!@:/ K:%,B$< "
"E$< ;I'M@A,'.
$!&'=$!A' !' !'J'=':/ I$P 'E?R@O $ =&:'!'=P 1944—1946 :',$= N '-
EIR;A; $ $!EHMMH = ,:%<A/ D/E' &@:@>@E@A' &'A%! 460 +;>. /,:%<AB$=. ;A$ <G
:%N'I N A%R%!,%I; &:'P;=%Q = ,:%<A$ &'A%! 1,5 IEA *'E'=$,.
12 2003 . /,’HA$=>?,;F / I. ;Q=$ &$,@+/=%E; !@>H+,; I'E'!;G
EO!@F. !@A? &'E$+=’HNAH ='A; =;>E'=EO=%E; >'E$!%:A$>+? N /=’HNA@A;I; / «>&:%=$
9 D@:@NAH» ;,'E'O %:&O,'I, ;,'E'O HG'=;*@I, />E%A'I %F*@A,'I, J'-
:@I %N/:'I, E%!;>E%='I ;:'A*;,'I, @:J$QI %E?*;,'I, E@J'I 'F,'I, '-
E'!;I;:'I ':A;R/,'I, E@J'I /:H*,'I, %>;E@I %N%:'I, 'E'!;I;:'I %=-
EO,'I, +%A$>E%='I %I'K%E'=;I, E@J'I @E@J'O +% A!:$QI '>@A,'I.
2003 . '&'=$!%* %:E%I@A+>?,'< %>%IDE@< %!; =:'&; %AA@
@=@:$A>@A =;>E'=;E% >+/:D'=%A$>+? >;+/%B$QO N$ >='D'!'O >E'=% = ,:%<A$.
25 2003 . % N’<N!$ ,:%<A>?,'J' A%:'!A'J' :/G/ &:;FAH+' :$M@AAH NI$-
A;+; A%N=/ A% ,:%<A>?,/ %:'!A/ %:+$O. I$A@A$ K/A,B$< @A+:%E?A'J' &:'='!/
&%:+$<, /+=':@A' %!/ &%:+$<. 'E'='O ,:%<A>?,'< A%:'!A'< &%:+$< 'D:%A' ":$H '-
>+@A,%. :$I A?'J' A% &'>+ J'E'=; &:'&'A/=%E%>H ,%A!;!%+/:% J'E'=; =&%-
+':$F>?,'< I$>?,'< ':J%A$N%B$< ,:%<A>?,'J' A%:'!A'J' :/G/ !/%:!% @'A'=%.
2003 . &@EHB$FA;F >/! 'A@B?,'< 'DE%>+$ N%>/!;= 43-
:$*A'J' ;,'E/ ;=%M'=% !' !'=$*A'J' /=’HNA@AAH N% ,%A$D%E$NI. %>/!P@A;F /
,=$+A$ 2002 :',/. N%I%A;= / I$>+$ $E'N@:>?,/ 9-:$*A/ !$=*;A,/, P':>+',' =D;= <<.
:/& P@:+=; :'N*E@A/=%= $ N =;:$N%A;G ':J%A$= &:;J'+/=%= <P/. @M+/ +$E% ,%A$D%E
=;,;A/= / ,'A+@FA@: !EH >I$++H.
2003 . '&'=$!%* 'A$+':;AJ'='J' ,'I$+@+/ %:E%I@A+>?-
,'< %>%IDE@< %!; =:'&; &' ,:%<A$ %AA@ @=@:$A>@A N%H=;E% A% &:@>-,'AK@:@AB$<
/ +:%>D/:N$ &:' $>A/=%AAH &'E$+;*A'< B@AN/:; = ,:%<A$.
2003 . AJE$F>?,;F D',>@: @AA',> ?O<> =$!I'=;=>H D;-
+;>H N $+%E$QI E;*,'I. :@!>+%=A;, *@I&$'A% >=$+/ N% =@:>$QO WBC . ?O<>%
N%H=;=, R' &@:@J'=':; &:' &:'=@!@AAH !='D'O N%=@:M;E;>H D@N:@N/E?+%+A'. $+%-
E$F E;*,' D/= *@I&$'A'I >=$+/ N% =@:>$QO WBA.
2003 . :@N;!@A+ ,:%<A; . /*I% I%= A%I$: &:'=@>+;
28—29 >$*AH / J$:>?,$F :@N;!@AB$< «;A?'J':%» (>. /+% A% =%A'-:%A,$=R;A$) N/-
>+:$* JE%= !@:P%= . $! A%I$:/ =$!I'=;=>H. K$B$FA% =@:>$H: %@:'&':+ =%A'-
:%A,$=>?,% A@ N!%+A;F &:;FI%+; E$+%,; E-62 +% I$:,/=%AAH D@N&@,;, =;>E'=E@A$
!@H,;I; JE%=%I; !@:P%=. @'K$B$FA% =@:>$H — '*$,/=%A$ &:'+@>+; J:'I%!>?,'>+$
N%G$!A;G 'DE%>+@F ,:%<A;.
644
29 2003 . :@N;!@A+% ,:%<A; . /*I/ 'D:%A' J'E'='O %!; . @
:$M@AAH /G=%E;E; ,@:$=A;,; A% N/>+:$*$ = ;Q=$. % N/>+:$*$ D/E; &:;>/+A$
&:@N;!@A+;: '>$< (. /+$A), 'E!'=; (. ':'A$A), $E':/>$ (. /,%M@A,'), :/-
N$< (. @=%:!A%!N@), $:I@A$< (. '*%:HA), N@:D%F!P%A/ (. E$Q=), %!P;,;>+%-
A/ (. %GI%A'=). % N/>+:$*$ A@ D/E' &:@N;!@A+$= ;:J;N$< (. ,%Q=%), /:,I@A$>-
+%A/ (. $HN'=%), %N%G>+%A/ (. %N%:D%Q=%) +% ND@,;>+%A/ (. %:$I'=%).
29 2003 . =@FB%:$H N%&:'=%!;E% @,'A'I$*A$ >%A,B$< &:'+; ,:%<A; =$!-
&'=$!A' !' J:/!A@=;G 2002 :',/ :@,'I@A!%B$F $PA%:'!A'< ':J%A$N%B$< &' D':'+?D$
N =$!I;=%AAHI «D:/!A;G J:'M@F» (FATF). %A,B$< =P@ N%&:'=%!;E; , %A%!%,
@E;,% :;+%A$H, $I@**;A%, =@B$H, =>+:$H +% $AEHA!$H.
30 2003 . &@EHB$FA;F >/! ;Q=% N% %&@EHB$FA;I; >,%:J%I; &%:+$< «>@-
/,:%<A>?,@ 'D’Q!A%AAH %+?,$=R;A%», 'B$%E$>+;*A'< &%:+$< ,:%<A; +% 'I&%:+$<
,:%<A; >,%>/=%= :$M@AAH @=*@A,$=>?,'J' :%F'AA'J' >/!/ ;Q=% =$! 12 =@:@>AH
2002 :',/ R'!' =>+%A'=E@AAH 'DI@P@A? A% &:'=@!@AAH %,B$< J:'I%!HA>?,'J' &:'-
+@>+/ «'=>+%A?, ,:%<A'!» A% +@:;+':$< ;Q=%.
30 2003 . :%B$=A;,; ;MJ':'!>?,'< :%F'AA'< &:',/:%+/:; (;<=>?,%
'DE%>+?) $ =$!!$E/ D':'+?D; N @,'A'I$*A'O NE'*;AA$>+O ;MJ':'!>?,'J'
,:%<A; &:'=@E; 'DM/, / I$>?,:%!$. $>?,% =E%!% N=;A/=%*/=%E%>H / NE'=P;-
=%AAHG / K$A%A>/=%AA$ :@I'A+/ !;+H*'J' >%!,% «P@:@E?B@». :%=''G':'AA$ ':J%-
A; +=@:!;E;, R' NA;,E' 95 +;>. J:;=@A?. ;MJ':'!>?,;F I$>?,;F J'E'=% E@,>%A!:
$IE%* I%= =;>A'=', A>+;+/+/ >/!'='< @,>&@:+;N; NJ$!A' N H,;I / !;+>%!,/ =;,'-
A%A' :'D$+ A% 64 +;>H*$ J:;=@A? D$E?M@, A$P &:'K$A%A>'=%A'.
1 ! 2003 . A$* A% BO !%+/ >;E?A;F >A$J'&%! $ &':;=; =$+:/ &'M,'!;-
E; E$A$< @E@,+:'&@:@!%*. A@>+:/IE@A' 757 A%>@E@A;G &/A,+$=, / +'I/ *;>E$ =
'DE%>+HG: ;,'E%<=>?,$F — 212, !@>?,$F — 148, @:>'A>?,$F — 105, A$&:'-
&@+:'=>?,$F — 66, 'A@B?,$F — 42, %&':$N?,$F — 37. :;I/ &'>+:%P!%E' 147
A%>@E@A;G &/A,+$=.
% >+%A'I A% 7 J'!;A/ 3 EO+'J' D@N @E@,+:'&'>+%*%AAH N%E;M%E;>H 87 A%>@E@A;G
&/A,+$=.
! 2003 . % &:@>-,'AK@:@AB$< E$!@:$= +:?'G '&'N;B$FA;G &%:E%-
I@A+>?,;G K:%,B$F . ;I'A@A,% ('I&%:+$H ,:%<A;), ". ;I'M@A,' (") +%
. ':'N% ('B&%:+$H ,:%<A;) &'=$!'IE@A' &:' :$M@AAH >,E;,%+; >@/,:%<A>?,;F
A%!N=;*%FA;F N’<N! !@&/+%+$= />$G :$=A$= =$! 'D’Q!A%A'< '&'N;B$<.
! 2003 . «E'=A;, >;A'A$I$= ,:;I>?,'+%+%:>?,'< I'=;» +%
«E'=A;, %A+'A$I$= ,:;I>?,'+%+%:>?,'< I'=;» '&/DE$,'=%A$ >$IK@:'&'E?>?,;I
=;!%=A;B+='I «'EH». $ >E'=A;,; >+%E; !='I% &@:M;I; =;!%AAHI; N >@:$<
,:;I>?,'+%+%:>?,;G >E'=A;,$=. %,;G >E'=A;,$= = $>+':$< ,:;I>?,'+%+%:>?,'< I'-
=; R@ A@ D/E'.
11 ! 2003 . % N%>$!%AA$ &%:E%I@A+>?,'< >E$!*'< ,'I$>$<, H,/ '*'EO=%= A%-
:'!A;F !@&/+%+ :;J':$F @E?A;*@A,', ':;> E$FA;, +% =%A :%* &$>EH &:'>E/-
G'=/=%AAH N%&;>$= >='<G :'NI'= N . /*I'O 12 *@:=AH 2000 :',/, :'N&$NA%E; >='< $
&:@N;!@A+% J'E'>;. 'I$*A;, @:J$H 'E'=%+'J' &' 'D’Q!A%AAO «;» E@,>$F '-
!'E?>?,;F &$!+=@:!;=, R' &:@N;!@A+ . /*I% A% &E$=,%G I%F':% . @E?A;*@A,%
+'J' !AH :'N&'=$!%= >%I@ &:' . '!'E?>?,'J'. 12 *@:=AH 2000 :',/ =$!D/E%>H $ N%-
K$,>'=%A% A% &E$=B$ ,EO*'=% :'NI'=% &:@N;!@A+% ,:%<A; N J'E'='O E/PD; D@N&@-
,; ,:%<A; @'A$!'I @:,%*@I. A$= >&$=:'NI'=A;,$= =;,E;,%E% &/DE$,%B$H . 'A-
J%!N@ / :'>$F>?,$F &:@>$ &:' +@, R' >;A . @:,%*% :'NJEH!%=>H H, &:%='A%>+/&A;,
/,:%<A>?,'J' &:@>+'E/. %,+;*A' . 'AJ%!N@ D/E' =;A@>@A' =;:',.
12 ! 2003 . $!D/E;>H &%:E%I@A+>?,$ >E/G%AAH, &:;>=H*@A$ =M%A/=%AAO
&%I’H+$ P@:+= J'E'!'I':/ 1932—1933 :',$=.
645
! 2003 . :/P;A% &:@N;!@A+% ,:%<A; — O!I;E%
/*I% +% +:; >'+A$ =;>',;G &'>%!'=B$= =>+/&;E; !' «:!@A/ =H+'J' +%A$>E%=%»,
H,;F '*'EO=%= «=@E;,;F &:$':» M@=%E?Q %=E' ’HE'=. E@,>%A!: ':'N &:'!@I'-
A>+:/=%= A% &:@>-,'AK@:@AB$< K'+' «M@=%E?Q» $ ,'=%E@:>+=@AA;G «!%I» / *@:='A'-
N'E'+;G I%A+$HG N =$!NA%,%I; A% M;<.
#! ! 2003 . @:A'&'E$ =;E/*@A' &’H+? +;>H* '=@*;G M,/:,
N%:%P@A;G >;D$:,'O. %A+%P A%!$FM'= N =>+:%E$<. :%P@A% >;D$:,'O >;:'=;A%
NA;R@A%.
#! ! 2003 . /!!H 'A@B?,'J' %&@EHB$FA'J' /!/ =%A ':-
*;>+;F N%H=;=, R' =D;=>+=' P/:A%E$>+% J':H E@,>%A!:'=% A$,'E; A@ D/!@ :'N,:;-
+@. % >E'=%I; >/!!$ *%> D/E' =+:%*@A' $ >&:%=PA$F NE'*;A@B? A%=:H! *; &'>+%A@
&@:@! >/!'I.
15 ! 2003 . ,:%<A$, H, $ / >=$+$ = B$E'I/, =$!D/E;>H %,B$< &:'+@>+/ &:'-
+; I'PE;='< =$FA; = :%,/. :'+@>+/=%E; / ;Q=$, 'A@B?,/, @=%>+'&'E$, !@>$.
;Q=$ = %,B$< =NHE; /*%>+? &:@!>+%=A;,; 35 &%:+$F +% J:'I%!>?,;G ':J%A$N%B$F.
$! %F!%A/ @N%E@PA'>+$ !@I'A>+:%A+; &$ME; !' &'>'E?>+=% . %I =$!D/=>H
I$+;AJ.
$% !" ! 2003 . ;+@E$ 'DE%>+@F %G$!A'< ,:%<A; +% '-
!$EEH / >='<G &'M+'=;G >,:;A?,%G =;H=;E; >K%E?>;K$,'=%A;F «$!,:;+;F E;>+
. "R@A,% I'<I =;D':BHI» N &%>,=$E@I A% "E$O ;I'M@A,'.
19 ! 2003 . $!D/E;>H &%:E%I@A+>?,$ >E/G%AAH &:' &$!+'&E@AAH N@I@E? =
,:%<A$. E;N?,' 16 IEA EO!@F &:'P;=%E' A% &$!+'&EO=%A;G +@:;+':$HG. 'A; >+%-
A'=;E; I%FP@ ='>?I/ *%>+;A/ /,:%<A>?,'< N@IE$. $E?,$>+? &$!+'&EO=%A;G I$>+ $ >$E
>+%A'=;E% 541. '&E;=E% >+@&'=% N'A%. E%=%Q D@N='!A;F %:,$=. $!+'&E@AAH N%-
=!%=%E' M,'!; 12 +;>H*%I %:G$+@,+/:A'-$>+':;*A;G &%I’H+',. @ >+%A'=;E' 2/3 =$!
/>$G N%:@Q>+:'=%A;G = ,:%<A$.
26 ! 2003 . $!D/E;>H &%:E%I@A+>?,$ >E/G%AAH «%>E$!,; $ &@:>&@,+;=;
&:;=%+;N%B$< = ,:%<A$». 1992 &' 2002 :$, &$! *%> &:;=%+;N%B$< K':I/ =E%>A'>+$
NI$A;E; I%FP@ 86 +;>H* &$!&:;QI>+=. /+' &:;=%+A;G &$!&:;QI>+= >+%E' = ,:%<A$
23 +;>H*$. :'N!@:P%=E@A'I/ >@,+':$ D/E' 34 =$!>'+,% '>A'=A;G N%>'D$= =;:'DA;B-
+=%. $! &:;=%+;N%B$< A%!$FME' 5,9 IE:! J:;=@A?. E%A/=%E'>H '!@:P%+; 14 IE:!
J:;=@A?. />&$E?>+=' A@ >&:;FAHE' &:;=%+;N%B$FA$ &:'B@>; H, N%,'AA$ +% >'B$%E?A'
=;&:%=!%A$. :;=%+;N%B$H =$!D/=%E%>H A@&:'N':'. @:P%=% K%,+;*A' =+:%+;E% ,'A-
+:'E? A%! =;:'DA;B+='I / &@:@=%PA$F D$E?M'>+$ D%N'=;G J%E/N@F. 20 >$I@F-,E%A$=
='E'!$O+? = ,:%<A$ 80 =$!>'+,%I; =E%>A'>+$. @:@! &:;=%+;N'=%A;G &$!&:;QI>+=
86 =$!>'+,$= D/E; ND;+,'=;I;. % N%,$A*@AAH >E/G%A? J'E'=% @:G'=A'< %!; ,:%<-
A; . ;+=;A N%H=;=, R' &:;=%+;N%B$H A@ =;&:%=!%E% >&'!$=%A? $ !;>,:@!;+/=%E%
$!@O :;A,'=;G &@:@+=':@A?.
27 ! 2003 . ;Q=$ = &:;I$R@AA$ %B$'A%E?A'< '&@:; =$!D/=>H $A+@-
E@,+/%E?A;F K':/I ,:%<A;. ME'>H &:' 'D’Q!A%AAH $A+@E@,+/%E?A'J' &'+@AB$-
%E/ !EH :'N=’HN%AAH A%FJ'>+:$M;G >'B$%E?A'-@,'A'I$*A;G +% !/G'=A;G &:'DE@I
,:%<A;. !'&'=$!!O =;>+/&;= J'E'=% @:G'=A'< %!; ,:%<A; 'E'!;I;: ;+-
=;A. *%>A;,; K':/I/ /G=%E;E; N=@:A@AAH «A+@E@,+ A%B$< — A% >E/PD/ >/>&$-
E?>+=/».
2 2003 . :%I,%G %,B$<: «'=>+%A?, ,:%<A'!» / ;Q=$, / ,'E;MA?'I/
'=+A@='I/ &%E%B$ =$!D/=>H >@/,:%<A>?,;F A%!N=;*%FA;F N’<N! />$G :$=A$= =$!
'D’Q!A%A'< '&'N;B$<. F'J' :'D'+$ D:%E; /*%>+? 87 A%:'!A;G !@&/+%+$= ,:%<A;,
93 !@&/+%+; 'DE%>A;G, 321 I$>?,;G, 539 :%F'AA;G, 262 !@&/+%+; >$E?>?,;G :%!, % +%-
,'P 103 >@E;RA$ F >$E?>?,$ J'E'=;. *%>A;,; &:@!>+%=EHE; =>$ 'DE%>+$ ,:%<A;.
:@!>+%=A;,; 15 &'>'E?>+= +% $AM;G $A'N@IA;G &:@!>+%=A;B+= = ,:%<A$ =$!J/,A/-
64
6
E;>H A% N%&:'M@AAH =NH+; /*%>+? / N’<N!$. /:A%E$>+; 190 N%>'D$= I%>'='< $AK':I%-
B$< D/E; %,:@!;+'=%A$ !EH =;>=$+E@AAH :'D'+; N’<N!/.
% N’<N! N%&:'M/=%E;>H &:@N;!@A+ ,:%<A;, &:@I’Q:-I$A$>+: ,:%<A;, J'E'=%
@:G'=A'< %!; ,:%<A;, J'E'=; 'A>+;+/B$FA'J' +% @:G'=A'J' /!$=. $ ,@:$=A;-
,; =$! /*%>+$ / N’<N!$ /G;E;E;>H.
'E'=A% +@I% — =$!>+':'A@AAH =$! =E%!; :@P;I/ . /*I;.
!'&'=$!HI; =;>+/&%E; E@,>%A!: ':'N ('E'=% 'B&%:+$< ,:%<A;), @+:'
;I'A@A,' (@:M;F >@,:@+%: 'I&%:+$< ,:%<A;), "E$H ;I'M@A,' ('E'=%
&%:+$< «%+?,$=R;A%»), A%+'E$F %+=$QA,' ('E'=% &%:+$< «'D':»), J'E'=% K:%,B$<
«%M% ,:%<A%» $,+': "R@A,'.
'E'=A$ J%>E% N’<N!/: «/*I/ — J@+?!», «% *@>A/ =E%!/!», «% ,:%R@ P;++H!».
’<N! N%,E;,%= />$G J:'I%!HA =NH+; A%F%,+;=A$M/ /*%>+? / *@:J'='I/ @+%&$ %,B$<
«'=>+%A? ,:%<A'!», H,;F A%I$*@A' A% 9 D@:@NAH.
’<N! /G=%E;= @,E%:%B$< Q!A'>+$, =@:A@AAH !' A%:'!/ ,:%<A;, =@:A@AAH !'
@:G'=A'< %!; ,:%<A; &:' &'+:@D/ =;NA%*;+; >+%+/> I$>B@='J' >%I'=:H!/=%AAH.
2003 . @>H 'AJ%!N@, — I%+; NA;,E'J' P/:A%E$>+% @':J$H
'AJ%!N@, — &'=$!'I;E% &:' @,>&@:+;N/ «+%:%R%A>?,'J' +$E%», H,/ &:'='!;= A>+;-
+/+ >/!'='< I@!;B;A; / 'N%AA$ (=@FB%:$H).
;>A'=', — K:%JI@A+; B?'J' +$E% A%E@P%+? @':J$O 'AJ%!N@. %D':%+':A$
!'>E$!P@AAH +:;=%E; DE;N?,' I$>HBH. :' :@N/E?+%+; !'>E$!P@AAH @>O 'AJ%-
!N@ &'=$!'I;= J@A@:%E?A;F >@,:@+%: ':J%A$N%B$< «@&':+@:; D@N ,':!'A$=» '-
D@:+ @A%:.
4 2003 . 'DE;N/ >@E% ':'>A' @:@I;MEHA>?,'J' :%F'A/ ?=$=>?,'<
'DE%>+$ :'ND;=>H =@:+'E$+ $-2. %J;A/= 51-:$*A;F &$E'+ %>;E? /J'=;F. @:+'-
E?'+'I ,@:/=%= =$A '!;A. *@=;!@B? +:%J@!$< I$>B@=;F P;+@E? ;G%FE' #/: D%*;=
H, &@:@! &%!$AAHI I%M;A% ,'E;G%E%>H / &'=$+:$ $ ' 12. 40 ='A% =&%E% A% &'E$.
6 2003 . %,'A ,:%<A; «:' @:P%=A;F $IA ,:%<A;» @:G'=A% %!%
,:%<A; &:;FAHE% 334 J'E'>%I; «N%». J'E'>/=%AA$ A@ D:%E; /*%>+$ K:%,B$< 'B&%-
:+$< ,:%<A; $ 'I&%:+$< ,:%<A;. @:P%=A;I J$IA'I Q >E'=% &@:M'J' ,/&E@+/ (NI$-
A@A' &@:M;F :H!',) =$:M% %=E% /D;A>?,'J'. /N;,% — ;G%FE% @:D;B?,'J'.
2003 . $:A;,; &'A%! 20 A%FD$E?M;G M%G+ ,:%<A;
:'N&'*%E; >+:%F,;. $:A;*'!'D/=A$ &$!&:;QI>+=% 'A@B?,'<, /J%A>?,'<, ;,'E%-
<=>?,'< $ ?=$=>?,'< 'DE%>+@F &:;&;A;E; =$!=%A+%P@AAH =/J$EEH. %G+%:$ =;I%J%E;
&'=A'< =;&E%+; N%D':J'=%A'>+$ $N N%:&E%+; $ &'E$&M@AAH /I'= &:%B$.
2003 . :@N;!@A+ ,:%<A; . /*I% =;>+/&;= $N +@E@=$-
N$FA;I N=@:A@AAHI !' A%B$<. ME'>H &:' &@:@G$! !' &%:E%I@A+>?,'-&:@N;!@A+>?,'<
&'E$+;*A'< >;>+@I;.
12 2003 . N%G$!A;G :@J$'A%G ,:%<A; :'N&'*%E'>H :'N&'=>O!P@A-
AH !:/J'J' K%E?M;='J' «=$!,:;+'J' E;>+%» =$! $I@A$ $,+':% "R@A,%. %:'!-
A;F !@&/+%+ ,:%<A; J'E'=% &:@!>+%=A;B+=% DE',/ «%M% ,:%<A% A% ?=$=R;A$
@+:' E$FA;, >+=@:!P/=%=, R' K%E?M;=% E;>+$=,% !:/,/=%E;>H A% &'+/PA'>-
+HG =;!%=A;*'J' ,'I&E@,>/ «E%A@+%», H,;F NA%G'!;+?>H A% %:A;B?,'I/ =%J'-
A':@I'A+A'I/ N%='!$ / ;Q=$. %I'=A;,'I E;>+$=,; D/E' I%E@ &:;=%+A@ &$!&:;-
QI>+=' «'E$J:%K&'E». . E$FA;, N%NA%*;=, R' B$ &:'=',%B$< :'D;+? '!A%
=$!'I% &%:+$H, ,@:$=A;, H,'< >;!;+? A% %A,'=$F (+'D+', — (') A% *'E$ N
$,+':'I @!=@!*/,'I).
12 2003 . % 83-I/ :'B$ P;++H &'I@:E% J'E'=% 'AJ:@>/ /,:%<A>?,;G
A%B$'A%E$>+$=, A%F>+%:$M;F !@&/+%+ @:G'=A'< %!; ,:%<A; :'>E%=% +@B?,'.
'I@:E% / $I@**;A$, !@ &@:@D/=%E% A% E$,/=%AA$. :'>E%=% '>;&$=A% +@B?,' =$-
!'I% R@ F H, %AA%-=J@A$H /N;,%. %:'!;E%>H ='A% 14 +:%=AH 1920 :',/ / >@E$
64
7
'I%A$=,% @:@D'=EHA>?,'J' :%F'A/ @:A'&$E?>?,'< 'DE%>+$. 1938 :',/ =>+/&;E% !'
:J%A$N%B$< /,:%<A>?,;G A%B$'A%E$>+$=. :'+HJ'I 1941—1943 :',$= A%=*%E%>H /
?=$=>?,'I/ &'E$+@GA$*A'I/ $A>+;+/+$. $I@B?,$ ',/&%B$FA$ =E%>+$ %:@M+/=%E; <<
1943 :',/. 1944 :',/ &@:@D/=%E% = @I$J:%B$<. %,$A*;E% ,:%<A>?,;F =$E?A;F /A$-
=@:>;+@+ / OAG@A$. %E% >+/&$A? I%J$>+:% &'E$+;*A;G A%/,. /E% N 1946 :',/ *E@-
A'I :'='!/ , % =&:'!'=P 1991—2000 — J'E'='O :'='!/. $! 1986 :',/ —
&:@N;!@A+ A+;D$E?M'=;B?,'J' DE',/ A%:'!$=. % B?'I/ &'>+/ ='A% NI$A;E% >='J'
&'I@:E'J' *'E'=$,% :'>E%=% +@B?,%. 1992 :',/ &'=@:A/E%>H A% ,:%<A/. /E% !@-
&/+%+'I @:G'=A'< %!; ,:%<A; , $ IV >,E;,%A?. 'AJ:@> /,:%<A>?,;G A%B$'A%-
E$>+$= =G'!;= !' DE',/ «%M% ,:%<A%».
2003 . 'E;MA$F A%:'!A;F !@&/+%+ ,:%<A; E@,-
>%A!: E?HM,@=;* &'!%= / &'N'= !' >/!/ A% &:@N;!@A+% ,:%<A; @'A$!% /-
*I/. '>A'=/ >&:%=; EHJE; &E$=,; I%F':% ;,'E; @E?A;*@A,%. '!A'I/ N K:%J-
I@A+$= F!@+?>H &:' &:;*@+A$>+? . /*I; !' A%&%!/ A% . E?HM,@=;*% =N;I,/
2000 :',/ / ;Q=$.
#! 2003 . %:E%I@A+>?,% K:%,B$H 'B$%E$>+;*A'< &%:+$< =;-
>+/&;E% $N N%H='O &:' GE$DA/ %K@:/ = ,:%<A$. ,%N/=%E'>H, R' 2002 :',/ =E%!% $
N@:A'+:@F!@:; ND;E; B$A/ A% N@:A' $ N%D:%E; F'J' / J'>&'!%:$= N% >@:@!A?'O B$A'O
300 J:;=@A? N% +'AA/ (:','I :%A$M@ B$A% D/E% 700 J:;=@A?). @:A'=;:'DA;,;
,:%<A; =+:%+;E; 7 IE:! J:;=@A?. $A%A>'=;F >+%A %J:'&:'I;>E'='J' ,'I&E@,>/
D/E' &$!$:=%A'. $E?M$>+? J'>&'!%:>+= >+%E; D%A,:/+%I;. !A'*%>A' M+/*A' D/E;
N%=;R@A$ B$A; A% &%E?A@.
#! 2003 . 'E'=% %B$'A%E?A'< >&$E,; P/:A%E$>+$= ,:%<A;
J': /D*@A,' =;>E'=;= JE;D',@ >+/:D/=%AAH A%I%J%AAHI; ,@:$=A;,$= >;E'=;G
>+:/,+/: =$!A'=;+; / :;I$A%E?A'I/ ,'!@,>$ ,:%<A; >+%++O &:' ,:;I$A%E?A@ &'-
,%:%AAH N% A%,E@&. ;E'=$ >+:/,+/:; H, &:;=$! A%I%J%E;>H =;,':;>+%+; >&:'D/ >%-
I'J/D>+=% A%*%E?A;,% / @:,%>?,$F 'DE%>+$ J@A@:%E-E@F+@A%A+% I$E$B$< E@-
J% '*@J%:'=%. +%E%>H >&:'D% 4 D@:@NAH. $A N=;A/=%*/=%= / >='<F >I@:+$ I$>B@=/
P/:A%E$>+,/ . %>;E?*@A,'. @:,%>?,% 'DE%>A% &:',/:%+/:% &':/M;E% ,:;I$A%E?-
A/ >&:%=/ N% !'=@!@AAH . '*@J%:'=% !' >%I'J/D>+=%.
19 2003 . $!D/E;>H &%:E%I@A+>?,$ >E/G%AAH «:' >+%A &$!J'+'=,; !'
=>+/&/ ,:%<A; !' =$+'='< ':J%A$N%B$< +':J$=E$». '&'=$!%= &@:M;F =$B@-&:@I’Q:-
I$A$>+:, I$A$>+: K$A%A>$= ,:%<A; . N%:'=. $! &%:E%I@A+>?,'J' &:'K$E?A'J' ,'-
I$+@+/ >&$=!'&'=$!%*@I D/= A%:'!A;F !@&/+%+ ,:%<A; . /:@A,'. >E/G%AAHG +%-
,'P D:%E; /*%>+? N%>+/&A;, 'E'=; @:G'=A'< %!; ,:%<A; . $A*@A,', 'E'=%
'I$+@+/ @:G'=A'< %!; ,:%<A; N &;+%A? %J:'&:'I;>E'='J' ,'I&E@,>/ . 'I;*,
I$A$>+: @,'A'I$,; +% N &;+%A? Q=:'&@F>?,'< $A+@J:%B$< . ':'M,'=>?,;F.
20 2003 . @:G'=A$F %!$ ,:%<A; =$!D/E'>H J'E'>/=%AAH &:' A%&:%-
=E@AAH /,:%<A>?,'J' D%+%E?F'A/ :%!$'G$I$*A'J' N%G;>+/ !' /=@F+/. :@N;!@A+
,:%<A; . /*I% =A$> &:'&'N;B$O &:' A%&:%=E@AAH D%+%E?F'A/.
&'*%+,/ J'E'>/=%E%>H /J'!% I$P ,:%<A'O $ /=@F+'I &:' A%&:%=E@AAH D%+%-
E?F'A/. @N/E?+%+; J'E'>/=%AAH: «N%» — 258, «&:'+;» — 121, «/+:;I%E;>H» — 9.
@ J'E'>/=%E; 15 A%:'!A;G !@&/+%+$=. %N@+% «$E?>?,$ =$>+$» N% 25 D@:@NAH 2003 :'-
,/ A%=@E% &@:@E$, A%:'!A;G !@&/+%+$=, H,$ J'E'>/=%E; N% A%&:%=E@AAH /,:%<A>?,'J'
D%+%E?F'A/ !' /=@F+/.
«:'+;» J'E'>/=%E; K:%,B$< 'I/A$>+;*A'< &%:+$< ,:%<A; (60 !@&/+%+$=), 'B$%-
E$>+;*A'< &%:+$< ,:%<A; (20 !@&/+%+$=), DE', "E$< ;I'M@A,' (1 !@&/+%+ /+:;I%=>H).
2003 . @A@:%E?A;F &:',/:': ,:%<A; =H+'>E%= $>,/A
/ E;>+$ !' 'E'=; @:G'=A'< %!; ,:%<A; 'E'!;I;:% ;+=;A% N%NA%*%=, R' >E$!-
>+=/ =!%E'>H A%DE;N;+;>H !' 'D>+%=;A NA;,A@AAH 16 =@:@>AH 2000 :',/ @':J$H '-
648
AJ%!N@, % +%,'P !' =>+%A'=E@AAH '>$D, D@N&'>@:@!A?' &:;*@+A;G !' B?'J' NA;,A@AAH
$ =D;=>+=%.
2003 . 'E'=% &:'K>&$E,; &:%B$=A;,$= 'G':'A; N!'-
:'=’H %I$E% %N%:$A% >+=@:!P/=%E%, R' ,'P@A !:/J;F P;+@E? ,:%<A; A@ !'P;=%Q
!' &@A>$FA'J' =$,/. @:@!AH +:;=%E$>+? P;++H = ,:%<A$ >,':'+;E%>H !' 63 :',$= /
*'E'=$,$= +% 73 — / P$A',. >A'=A$ *;AA;,; >I@:+@F — G=':'D; >;>+@I; ,:'=''D$-
J/, NE'H,$>A$ A'='/+=':@AAH, A@=:'E'J$*A% &%+'E'J$H.
,:%<A$ A%E$*/=%E'>H 130 +;>H* *'E'=$,, G=':;G A% %,+;=A$ K':I; +/D@:,/E?'-
N/. 'PA'J' !AH = ,:%<A$ =$! +/D@:,/E?'N/ &'I;:%E' 30—35 '>$D.
#! 2003 . ,:%<A$ I%E% I$>B@ &'=$A?. &'>+@:$J%E'>H N%-
+'&E@AAH N%&E%= :$*', 'E;A>?,'<, $AA;B?,'< A$&:'&@+:'=>?,'<, !@>?,'<, $=-
A@A>?,'<, %:,$=>?,'<, @:A$J$=>?,'< 'DE%>+@F M%:'I 0,01—0,57 I. %: ='!; D/=
=;R;I A% N%&E%=%G ;+'I;:>?,'<, =%A'-:%A,$=>?,'<, ?=$=>?,'< +% I@E?A;B?,'<
'DE%>+@F, — 0,05—1,7 I. @:@=;R@AAH A@D@N&@*A;G &'NA%*', N%:@Q>+:'=%A' / :$*,%G
/J% ('E;A>?,% 'DE%>+?), /M;BH, I'+:;* (I@E?A;B?,% 'DE%>+?), ,=%, /:%K%
($AA;B?,% 'DE%>+?). %FD$E?M@ &$!+'&E@AAH D/!;A,$= D/E' / ;+'I;:>?,$F 'DE%>+$.
2003 . 'JEH!/ A% I':'NA/ N;I/ ,:%<A% NI/M@A% D/E%
&@:@>$=%+; 2,7—3,5 IEA J% 'N;I;G. :' B@ &'=$!'I;= A% &:@>-,'AK@:@AB$< I$A$>+:
%J:'&'E$+;,; ,:%<A; @:J$F ;P/,. E%A/=%E'>H A% 1,2 IEA J% ND$E?M;+; &E'R$
&$! H*I@A@I $ ='A; I%E; >+%A'=;+; 4,6 IEA J%. #'A%FI@AM@ 1 IEA J% N%FI%E; J:@*-
,%, :;>, &:'>'. $! ,/,/:/!N/ =$!='!;E'>H 1,5 IEA J%.
2003 . =$!,:;+;I E;>+'I !' J:'I%!HA N=@:A/=>H J'E'-
=% 'B$%E$>+;*A'< &%:+$< ,:%<A; E@,>%A!: ':'N. E;>+$ =;>E'=EO=%E%>H A@NJ'-
!% N &:'&'N;B$HI; &:@N;!@A+% . /*I; R'!' ':J%A$N%B$< !@:P%=A'< =E%!; = ,:%<A$.
2003 . :@N;!@A+ ,:%<A>?,'J' B@A+:/ @,'A'I$*A;G $
&'E$+;*A;G !'>E$!P@A? $I@A$ . %N/I,'=% A%+'E$F :;B@A,' N%H=;=, R' &:@N;-
!@A+ ,:%<A; . /*I% +% F'J' ,'I%A!% A%I%J%O+?>H =>+%A'=;+; &'=A;F ,'A+:'E?
A%! @:G'=A'O %!'O ,:%<A;. :@N;!@A+>?,% ,'I%A!% =!%=%E%>H !' >&:'D 'D$-
F+; &%:E%I@A+ MEHG'I &:'=@!@AAH %D' &'J:'N &:'=@!@AAH :$NA;G >/IA$=A;G :@-
K@:@A!/I$=.
2003 . ,:%<A$ :'N&'=>O!P/=%=>H =$!!:/,'=%A;F I$-
E?F'AA;I +;:%P@I K%E?M;=;F A'I@: &'&/EH:A'< '&'N;B$FA'< J%N@+; «@*@:A;@ =@-
>+;». +%++$ / J%N@+$ &%,EOP;E; "E$O ;I'M@A,', E$!@:% ,'I&%:+$< ,:%<A; @+:%
;I'A@A,%, E$!@:% 'B&%:+$< ,:%<A; E@,>%A!:% ':'N% +% D%J%+?'G $AM;G %,+;-
=$>+$= '&'N;B$<.
2003 . :@>->E/PD% $A$>+@:>+=% 'G':'A; N!':'=’H &'-
=$!'I;E%, R' = 2003 :'B$ = ,:%<A$ =;H=E@A' &'A%! 37 +;>H* G=':;G A% +/D@:,/E?'N.
'A%! 10 +;>H* J:'I%!HA &'I@:E; =$! B$Q< G=':'D;. $! A%JEH!'I E$,/=%E?A'-
&:'K$E%,+;*A;G N%,E%!$= &@:@D/=%E' 670 +;>H* '>$D. $E?,$>+? G=':;G A% %,+;=A/
K':I/ +/D@:,/E?'N/ >HJ%E% 141,5 +;>H* *'E'=$,. %F=;R$ &',%NA;,; N%G=':O=%A'>-
+$ — / &$=!@AA'->G$!A;G :@J$'A%G ,:%<A;. :%R% >;+/%B$H — / B@A+:%E?A'I/ +%
N%G$!A'I/ :@J$'A%G.
2003 . @A@:%E?A% &:',/:%+/:% ,:%<A; &':/M;E% ,:;-
I$A%E?A/ >&:%=/ &:'+; ,'E;MA?'J' =$B@-&:@I’Q:-I$A$>+:% ,:%<A; @'A$!% 'N%*@-
A,% N% NE'=P;=%AAH >E/PD'=;I >+%A'=;R@I, R' >&:;*;A;E' +HP,$ A%>E$!,; +% /G;-
E@AAH =$! >&E%+; &'!%+,$= = '>'DE;=' =@E;,;G :'NI$:%G. . 'N%*@A,' N=;A/=%-
*/=%=>H / +'I/, R' N% *%> &@:@D/=%AAH A% &'>%!$ =$B@-&:@I’Q:-I$A$>+:% ,:%<A; +%
J'E'=; 'I$>$< N &;+%A? %J:%:A'< &'E$+;,; &:; &:@N;!@A+'=$ ,:%<A; =$A A%=I;>A'
>+=':;= I@G%A$NI I%,>;I%E?A'J' :/G/ N@:A% / A@=;J$!A;F !EH =$+*;NAHA;G N@:A'-
=;:'DA;,$= E$+A$F &@:$'!. @:P%=A% N%,/&$=EH N@:A% A@ N!$F>AO=%E%>H, +'I/ N@:A'-
649
+:@F!@:; >,/&'=/=%E; N@:A' N% A%FA;P*;I; B$A%I;. :'='!;E%>H &'E$+;,%, >&:H-
I'=%A% A% ND%J%*@AAH $A'N@IA;G N@:A'+:@F!@:$=. D=;A/=%*@AAH >+=@:!P/=%E', R'
/,:%<A>?,$ N@:A'=;:'DA;,; =+:%+;E; 1,5 IE:! J:;=@A? =$! @,>&':+/ N@:A% N =:'P%O
2002 :',/.
:%BOO*; A% &'>%!$ J@A@:%E?A'J' !;:@,+':% >&$E?A'J' &$!&:;QI>+=% «,:%J:'-
D$NA@>», . 'N%*@A,' /&:'!'=P 2000 :',/ '+:;I%= H, &'!%:/A', &:'>+$ $I@AA$ %,-
B$< D@N A'I@:$= A% >/I/ DE;N?,' 1,5 IEA J:;=@A? $ A@ >&E%+;= &'!%+,/ A% >/I/
585 +;>H* J:;=@A?.
:@I’Q:-I$A$>+: ,:%<A; . A/,'=;* /+:;I/=%=>H =$! N=;A/=%*@A? . 'N%*@A-
,% !' N%=@:M@AAH >E$!>+=%. ,:%<A>?,;F >'ON &:'I;>E'=B$= $ &$!&:;QIB$= :'NJEH!%=
,:;I$A%E?A/ >&:%=/ &:'+; . 'N%*@A,% H, N%I'=A/.
,:%<A>?,% N@:A'=% %>'B$%B$H $ ,:%<A>?,% %J:%:A% ,'AK@!@:%B$H D/E; A@ NJ'!A$
N$ N=;A/=%*@AAHI; . 'N%*@A,%.
25 2003 . $ ?=$=>?,'J' %@:'!:'I/ «,A;E$=» !='I% E$+%,%I; E-76 !'
/=@F+/ A%&:%=E@A' 35 =$F>?,'='>E/PD'=B$= /,:%<A>?,'J' D%+%E?F'A/ :%!$'G$I$*-
A'J' $ D%,+@:$'E'J$*A'J' N%G;>+/ +% &’H+? '!;A;B? +@GA$,;. @+=@:' ,'A+:%,+A;,$=
=$!I'=;E;>H E@+$+; !' /=@F+/. % &:'='!P%AAH &:;D/= I$A$>+: 'D':'A; ,:%<A;
. ,$!*@A,'.
25 2003 . 'E'='O &'E$+;*A'< &%:+$< = ,:%<A$ 'D:%A' 'I%A% '-
N%,%. $M@AAH /G=%E@A' A% VIII @E;,'I/ ND':$ &%:+$<. D':$ =NHE; /*%>+? 125 !@E@-
J%+$= N />$G 'DE%>+@F ,:%<A;. @:M;I N%>+/&A;,'I J'E'=; = ,:%<A$ 'D:%A'
$+%E$H %&'=;*%, % N%>+/&A;,%I; — ;:'>E%=% $N=HAO,%, ;G%FE% 'A!%:%, %-
>;EH ='EH,@=;*%. %N@+% «@>,':@A% A%B$H» N%+=@:!P@A% B@A+:%E?A;I !:/,'=%A;I
':J%A'I &%:+$<.
26 2003 . B@A+:$ 'A@B?,% >+%E;>H !=% >;E?A$ =;D/G; / ,%K@ +% I%J%-
N;A$ +':J'='< I@:@P$ «DP':%». ,'!; N%=!%A' $ P;+E'=;I ,=%:+;:%I. '+@:&$E;G
A@ D/E'.
2003 . E/PD% D@N&@,; ,:%<A; &'=$!'I;E%, R' =&:'-
!'=P 2002 :',/ =;,:;+' 14 %J@A+$= N%,':!'AA;G >&@B>E/PD N-&'I$P J:'I%!HA
,:%<A;. ='G N A;G D/E' N%>/!P@A' (/DE;,% . . — !' >@I; :',$=, 'E*%A'=% . . —
!' &’H+; :',$=). =%A%!BH+?'I %J@A+%I 'J'E'M@A$ 'K$B$FA$ N%>+@:@P@AAH &:' A@-
&:;&/>+;I$>+? &:'+;&:%=A'< !$HE?A'>+$.
% !$<, R' >/&@:@*;E; $A+@:@>%I D@N&@,; ,:%<A;, =;!=':@A' N% I@P$ ,:%<A;
17 J:'I%!HA $A'N@IA;G !@:P%=. %D':'A@A' =’<N! = ,:%<A/ I%FP@ 700 $A'N@IBHI.
$% 2003 . $A$>+: %J:%:A'< &'E$+;,; ,:%<A; @:J$F ;P/, A%
&:@>-,'AK@:@AB$< N%H=;=, R' A@ =$:;+? +=@:!P@AAHI &:' A%=I;>A@ &':/M@AAH N%,'-
A'!%=>+=% ,'E;MA$I =$B@-&:@I’Q:-I$A$>+:'I ,:%<A; @'A$!'I 'N%*@A,'I.
$% 2003 . :'&'N;B$< &:@N;!@A+% ,:%<A; N ,'A>+;+/B$FA'< :@K'-
:I; E$!@: 'B&%:+$< ,:%<A; E@,>%A!: ':'N A%N=%= «,'E'>%E?A'O &:%='='O
%=%A+O:'O».
2004 . %:E%I@A+%:A% K:%,B$H 'B$%E$>+;*A'< &%:+$< ,:%<A;
=;>+/&;E% $N N%H='O &:' &:;=%+;N%B$O $,'&'E?>?,'J' K@:'>&E%=A'J' N%='!/ +%
$AM;G A%FD$E?M;G $ A%F,:%R;G &$!&:;QI>+= ,:%<A;. $< =E%!; ,=%E$K$,/=%E;>H H,
>=$!'I$ $ NE'*;AA$. 'B&%:+$H =;>+/&%E% N% N%&:'=%!P@AAH P':>+,'J' >/>&$E?A'J'
,'A+:'EO A%! &:'B@>%I; &:;=%+;N%B$<.
2003 . '=$!'IE@A', R' !' ,:;I$A%E?A'< =$!&'=$!%E?A'>+$
&:;+HJA/+' 54 >E/PD'=$ '>'D; D%A,/ «,:%<A%», — 2 ,'E;MA$G J'E$= &:%=E$AAH D%-
A,/, 2 N%>+/&A;,$= J'E$= &:%=E$AAH, A%*%E?A;,% /&:%=E$AAH D%A,/, 25 ,@:/O*;G :@-
J$'A%E?A;I; =$!!$E@AAHI; D%A,/ +% 3 <G N%>+/&A;,$=, 5 ,@:$=A;,$= E$,=$!%B$FA;G !;-
:@,B$F, 7 A%*%E?A;,$= =$!!$E$=, J'E'=A'J' D/GJ%E+@:%. '+;:?'G &:%B$=A;,$= D%A,/
650
'J'E'M@A' = :'NM/,. %J%E?A% >/I% ND;+,$=, >&:;*;A@A;G NE'*;AA;I; !$HI; >E/P-
D'=;G '>$D D%A,/ «,:%<A%» — DE;N?,' 180 IEA J:;=@A?
8 2003 . A$* A% 9 ,=$+AH N%J;A/= = %=+'I'D$E?A$F ,%+%>+:'K$ P/:A%E$>+
E@,>%A!: :;=@A,'. «$E?>?,;G =$>+HG» N% 10 ,=$+AH A@,:'E'J &:' A?'J' &$!&;-
>%E; =%A ',;F, ;G%FE' %*$=, =%A &'!%:@A,', %:%> ':A'=$E.
9 2003 . &@EHB$FA;F >/! ;<=>?,'< 'DE%>+$ =;NA%= N%,'AA;I :$M@AAH
;Q='-=H+'M;A>?,'J' I$>B@='J' >/!/ =$! 30 ,=$+AH 2002 :',/ R'!' N%,:;++H ,:;-
I$A%E?A;G >&:%=, &':/M@A;G &:'+; "E$< ;I'M@A,'.
9 2003 . $!D/E;>H &%:E%I@A+>?,$ >E/G%AAH «@K':I% &'E$+;*A'< >;>-
+@I; ,:%<A;: I@+% +% ,'AB@&+/%E?A$ N%>%!; ,'A>+;+/B$FA;G NI$A. «
10 2003 . @:M;F =$B@-&:@I’Q: I$A$>+:, I$A$>+: K$A%A>$= ;,'E% N%-
:'= &'=$!'I;=, R' =$!I$A;E; !$O K$A%A>'=;G >%A,B$F &:'+; ,:%<A;, ==@!@-
A;G N% :@,'I@A!%B$QO FATF.
2003 . '=$!'IEHE'>H R' 4—4,5 IEA J@,+%:$= %D' 50—55 =$!-
>'+,$= 'N;I;G ,/E?+/: ,:%<A% NI/M@A% D/E% &@:@>$=%+; N 'JEH!/ A% >/=':/ N;I/. ,E%!-
A$ &'J'!A$ /I'=; N%+:;I/=%E; I%>'=@ :'NJ':+%AAH &'>$=A'< ,%I&%A$< A% 15—20 !A$=.
2003 . %:'!A;F !@&/+%+ ,:%<A;, *E@A 'B$%E$>+;*A'<
&%:+$< ,:%<A; =%A ',;F N%&:'&'A/=%= &@:@,E%>+; K$A%A>/=%AAH 19-J' ',:@I'J'
D%+%E?F'A/ :%!$'G$I$*A'J' $ D%,+@:$'E'J$*A'J' N%G;>+/ '>'D;>+' A% &:@N;!@A+%
,:%<A; +% !@&/+%+$=, H,$ &$!+:;I%E; F'J' =$!&:%=,/ !' /=@F+/.
?O-':,>?,% J%N@+% «'EE >+:$+ !P':AE» &;>%E%, R' /,:%<A>?,;F D%+%E?F'A
:'N*;R%+;I@ N%&EHI'=%A/ :@&/+%B$O . /*I;.
2003 . :@N;!@A+>?,;F &:'@,+ &:' NI$A; !' 'A>+;+/B$<
A% /,'=;A$ &$!+:;I/=%E; >=HR@A;,; ,:%<A>?,'< &:%='>E%=A'< B@:,=; '>,'=>?-
,'J' &%+:$%:G%+/ +% /=’HNA@A$ ',;:HA>?,'< ,'E'A$< >/=':'J' :@P;I/.
2003 . @A@:%E?A% &:',/:%+/:% ,:%<A; A%I%J%E%>H
N%>+'>/=%+; >+%++O 344 :;I$A%E?A'J' ,'!@,>/ «+:/*%AAH / !$HE?A$>+? !@:P%=A'-
J' !$H*%» R'A%FI@AM@ !' &’H+; N%>'D$= I%>'='< $AK':I%B$<. 'E'=% 'I$+@+/ @:-
G'=A'< %!; ,:%<A; N &;+%A? >='D'!; >E'=% +% $AK':I%B$< ;,'E% 'I@A,' N%H=;=,
R' >+%++H %P A$H, A@ I'P@ N%>+'>'=/=%+;>? !' J%N@+A;G &/DE$,%B$F.
2003 . :',/:%+/:% I@E?A;B?,'< 'DE%>+$ &':/M;E%
,:;I$A%E?A/ >&:%=/ &:'+; ,'E;MA?'J' N%>+/&A;,% J'E'=; 'DE%>A'< !@:P%=A'< %!-
I$A$>+:%B$< E@,>%A!:% +/&%:;,% N% '!@:P%AAH G%D%:$= = '>'DE;=' =@E;,;G :'NI$-
:%G. $! J'E'=; &:%=E$AAH «@!P;D'P>?,;F ,'A>@:=A;F N%='!» =&:'!'=P
1999—2002 :',$= =$A '!@:P%= 46 +;>. !'E%:$= +% =;I%J%= R@ 27 +;>. !'E%:$=.
13 2003 . %:'!A;F !@&/+%+ ,:%<A; E@,>$F =*@A,' 'D:%A;F J'E'='O
'AJ:@>/ /,:%<A>?,;G A%B$'A%E$>+$=. :%&;E'>H B@ A% VII ND':$ . :'D'+$ ND':/
D:%E; /*%>+? 339 !@E@J%+$=. /= +%I &:;>/+A$F $ E$!@: DE',/ «%M% ,:%<A%» $,+':
"R@A,'. % ND':$ D/E; J'E'=; +% N%>+/&A;,; J'E$= :H!/ &%:+$F, A%:'!A$ !@&/+%+;
,:%<A;.
/E' 'D:%A' 'E'=A;F &:'=$! 'AJ:@>/, @+;*A/ $ ,'A+:'E?A/ ,'I$>$O, =A@>@A'
NI$A; !' >+%+/+/ $ &:'J:%I; .
% I$>HB? !' ND':/ &'I@:E% F'J' E$!@: :'>E%=% +@B?,'.
14 2003 . $!D/E;>H &%:E%I@A+>?,$ >E/G%AAH «$IA%!BH+% :$*A;BH ':-
A'D;E?>?,'< ,%+%>+:'K;. '>=$! &'!'E%AAH».
16 2003 . @:G'=A% %!% ,:%<A; 'DJ'=':O=%E% &:'J:%I/ !$HE?A'>+$
/:H!/ «$!,:;+$>+?, !$Q=$>+?, :@N/E?+%+;=A$>+?». < &:@!>+%=EH= &:@I’Q:-I$A$>+: . A/-
,'=;*. % &$!+:;I,/ &:'J:%I; &'!%A' 335 J'E'>$=.
!:/J$F &'E'=;A$ !AH =$!D/E;>H &%:E%I@A+>?,$ >E/G%AAH «@J$'A%E?A% &'E$+;,%
+% I$>B@=@ >%I'=:H!/=%AAH = ,:%<A$: N%,'A'!%=*$ %>&@,+;».