Chilingarian G.V. et al. Surface Operations in Petroleum Production, II
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154,
157, 280
Dickey, P.A.,
102, 158
Dickinson, G.,
110
Diehl, J.C.,
59
Dietrich, W.K.,
230,
282
Dietz, D.N.,
277
Dill, W.R.,
134,
158
Dillabough, J.A.,
277
Doherty,
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Doig, K.,
306,
316
Dorfman, M.H.,
277
Dorsey, J.B.,
277
Doscher, T.M.,
278, 281
Dougherty, E.L.,
218
Dow Chern. Co.,
118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123,
124,
158
Drake, L.P.,
282
Dreyer, W.,
458, 461, 471, 472,
473
Duerksen, J.H.,
278
Dumbauld, G.K.,
69,
99,
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Dunlap, R.G.,
220
Dunn, F.P.,
391, 398,
418
Durnell, W.E.,
458, 460, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466,
Duvall,
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102,
158
467,
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Earl, R.B.,
128,
158
Eaton, B.A.,
110
Echols, E.E.,
209,
219
Eckerfield, R.J.,
406,
418
Edwards, L.M.,
I00
Elenbaas, J.R.,
6,
11,
59
Elias Jr., R.,
248,
278
Ellers, F.S.,
374, 381, 385, 386, 387, 388, 390,
Ellis, R.C.,
100
Elson, T.D.,
203, 204, 206, 209, 217,
219
English, J.G.,
399, 400,
418
Enright, R.J.,
382,
418
Erlougher Jr., R.C.,
230,
278
Ershagi,
I.,
277
Eson,
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245,
278
Ethyl Corp.,
520
Evans, J.E.,
280
392, 393, 394, 395,
418
Fair, J.R.,
278
Fairall, R.S.,
280
Fairfield, W.H.,
243,
278
Fanaritis, J.P.,
233, 234,
277, 278
Farouq Ali, S.M.,
232,
243, 278, 280
Farris, R.F.,
68,
99,
102, 103,
158
Fast,
C.R.,
102, 103, 104, 106, 108,
117,
128, 133,
134, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150,
152, 154,
158
Ferrier, J.J.,
243, 278,
281
Fertl, W.H.,
6,
7,
11,
100,
111,
152,
153,
158
Finch, T.M.,
334,
370
Fischer and Porter
Co.,
27, 30,
59
Fitch, J.L.,
379,
418
Fitch, J.P.,
278
Flock, D.L.,
243,
279
Flow Measurement Co.,
44
Fontana, M.G.,
316
Foxboro Co.,
32, 46,
59
Franco, A,,
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Freeman, H.G.,
106,
158
Frick, T.C.,
158, 541
Froning, S.P.,
279
Frydenbo, F.,
418
Fuex, A.N.,
10,
I1
Gacesa, M.,
264,
277
Gaddis, M.P.,
277
Gates, C.F.,
279
Gates, F.I.,
320,
370
Gatlin, C.,
73, 77,
99
Gatzke, L.K.,
308, 309,
316
Geer, R.L.,
399,
419
Gibbs, M.A.,
99
Gilbert,
S.,
276
Gilbert, W.E.,
5, 6,
I1
Goins
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93,
100
Gomaa, E.E.,
243, 278,
279
Gottfried,
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243,
279
Graff, W.J.,
410,
419
Graham and Trotrnan,
389
Graham, J.W.,
193,
219, 389
Grant, B.F.,
102,
158
Graphic Control Corp.,
40
Graves Jr., E.D.,
1,
II,
86,
99,
109,123,154,
158
Gray, D.J.,
403, 404, 407,
419
Greaser, G.R.,
279
Grebe, J.J.,
102,
158
Greene, N.D.,
316
Greer, F.C.,
230,
279
Grim, R.E.,
370
Grove Valve and Regulator Co.,
26,
59
Gruesbeck, C.,
209,
219
Gulati,
M.S.,
198,
219
Guy, A.L.,
419
HTI Superior, Inc.,
430,
432
Hackerman, N.,
311,
316
5
46
Hagoort,
J.,
279
Hails, J.R.,
195,
220
Hall, C.D.,
131,
158
Halliburton Co.,
16, 17, 19, 20, 59, 67, 70, 71, 74,
79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92,
93, 95,
99,
100,
104, 105, 106, 109, 112, 113,
114, 115,
117,
130, 131, 135, 144, 145, 147,
150, 154,
158
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66,
I00
Hanzlik, E.J.,
279
Harding, R.W.,
325,
371
Harris, J.O.,
370
Harris, L.E.,
125, 128, 129,
157
Harris, L.M.,
419
Harrison, E.,
158
Hartline, B.K.,
279
Hastings, J.R.,
279
Hatlestad, B.,
418
Hausler, R.H.,
308, 309,
316
Hawthorne, R.G.,
281
Heintz, R.C.,
279
Herbeck, E.F.,
279
Herschel, C.,
33
Herzber, D.E.,
277
Hewitt, C.H.,
320,
370
Hickstein, E.O.,
33
Hill, K.E.,
61,
195, 196,
219
Hillard, H.M.,
307,
316
Hockaday, D.E.,
370
Holden, W.R.,
109,
123,
154,
158
Holm,
J.A.,
202,
220
Holm,
L.W.,
131,
157
Holmes, B.G.,
70, 279
Hong, K.C.,
279
Hoppen, T.,
418
Horton, E.H.,
418
Horton, R.L.,
132,
158
Hottel, H.C.,
279,
282
Houpeurt, A.H.,
279
Howard, G.C.,
100,
101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 108,
117,
128, 133, 134, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147,
148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154,
158
Hower, W.E.,
131,
157
Hower, W.F.,
65, 66,
100
Hubbert, M.K.,
112,
158
Hudgins, C.M.,
292, 293, 303,
316
Hudson
Jr.,
H.E.,
357,
370
Huge, E.C.,
279
Hurst,
W.,
101,
158
I1T
Barton,
18, 21,
59
Ikoku,
Chi
U.,
6,
11,
59
Ingersoll, A.C.,
356,
370
Ironite Products
Co.. 316
Jacobs, W.L.,
131,
157
Jahns,
H.O.,
379, 381,
419
Johnson, J.L.,
370
Johnson, J.W.,
411,
419
Johnson, W.M.,
280
Johnstone, J.R.,
278,
356
Jones,
J.R.,
243, 279,
320
Jones, M.E.,
379, 417, 418,
419
Jones, P.H.,
323,
370
Jones Jr.,
F.O.,
370
Kalfayan, L.J.,
202,
220
Kaltenbach, A.J.,
10,
I1
Kaplan, M.,
323,
370
Kash, D.E.,
376, 377, 378,
419
Katz, W.J.,
6,
11,
59,
356,
370
Katz, D.L.,
458, 468, 469, 470,
473
Kaufman, D.W.,
461,
473
Kemp, L.J.,
33
Kendall,
22
Kennedy,
H.B.,
61,
99
Kennedy, J.L.,
419
Keogh, R.A.,
I1
Kern, R.,
59
Kerr,
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59
Khan, A.M.,
238, 243,
276
Kieschnick
Jr.,
W.F.,
158
Kimmel, J.D.,
278
Kirk, R.S.,
276
Klein, A.,
66,
100
Knapp, R.H.,
279
Knox,
J.A.,
134,
158
Knutson, C.F.,
154,
157, I58
Kobayashi,
R.,
6,
11,
59
Krause,
J.D.,
278
Krisher, A.S.,
279
Krumbein, W.C.,
198, 199,
219
Kubit, R.W.,
306,
316
Kuo, C.H.,
279
Kuuskraa, V.A.,
279
LaFrenz, R.L.,
328, 362,
370
LaFuma,
H.,
66,
I00
LaQue, F.L.,
518,
520
Lamb, M.J.,
414, 415,
419
Landers, M.M.,
128,
157
Landreth, T.C.,
196,
220
Lane, R.D.,
68,
99
Langelier, W.F.,
327,
370
Langenheim, R.H.,
235, 242,
280
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Langnes, G.L.,
158, 541
Lantz, R.B., 237,
276
Larman, J.H.,
280
Lasater, R.M., 134,
158
Laumbach, D.D.,
281
Laurie, A.M., 209,
220
Lauweier, H.A.,
279
Leach, P.B., 129,
157
Leal, M.A., 243,
279
Lee, G.C., 397, 398, 408,
419
Legatski, L.K., 441,
454
Leighton, A.J.,
280
LeGnse,
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279
Lekas, M.A., 153,
157
Leonard, R.L., 376, 377, 378,
419
Leutwyler,
K.,
230, 237,
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Lewelling, H., 323,
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Lindberg, F.A.,
10,
I1
Lindemann, W.B.N., 458, 459, 469,
473
Lister, C.R.B.,
279
Little, R.C., 129,
I57
Liu, C.L.,
10,
11
Lobo, W.E., 280,
282
Lochridge, J.C., 415,
419
Lueders, R.K., 151,
159
Lynes, Inc., 96,
98
Maier, L.F., 68,
100
Malofeev, G.E.,
280
Maly, G.P., 198, 209, 216, 219,
220
Maly, J.W., 106,
158
Mandl, G., 235,
280
Mantooth, M.A., 204, 209,
219
Marawen, S.A.,
282
Mare, De la, R.F.,
2,
11
Marsh, G.A., 297, 305, 306, 316,
371
Martin, R.L., 296, 311, 316,
317
Martin, W.L.,
280
Marx, J.W., 235, 242,
280
Mason, J.P., 404, 405,
406,
407
Matheney Jr., S.L., 280, 337,
370
Matheny,
F.,
461,
473
Mathews, C.S., 107,
158
Matuszak, M.P.,
505,
520
May, P.D.,
317
May, T.P., 518,
520
McArthur, R.D., 153,
157
McCulloh, T.H., 110
McDaniel, B.W., 125, 128, 129,
157
McDermott Inc., 383,
384
McGIasson, R.L., 292, 298, 299,
316
McGuire, W.J., 108, 127,
158
McIntyre, H.,
280
McLeod,
H.O.,
131,
I58
McNabb, D.,
419
Meents, W.F.,
10,
I1
Mehdizadeh, P., 292,
316
Mekler, L.A.,
280
Meldau, R.F., 243, 278,
280
Meyer, F.H., 298, 299,
317
Meyer, R.F., 226,
280
Meyers, A.J., 468,
473
Micromotion Inc., 29,
59
Miller, F.G.,
277
Miller, J.S.,
280
Miller,
T.E.,
59
Miller, W.K., 151,
159
Millhone, R.S., 203, 204, 206, 217, 219,
220
Milton, C., 329,
370
Minich, A., 127,
158
Minter, R.B.,
278
Mitchell, R.W., 334,
370
Monaghan, P.H.,
219
Monrad, C.C., 259,
280
Monroe, R.F., 128,
158
Montgomery, P.C., 65, 66,
100
Moore, J.W.,
370
Morgan, J.J.,
100,
357
Morris, E.F., 68,
100
Morris, V.C., 320,
370
Morrison, J.R., 411,
419
Morton,
T.E.,
106,
158
Moss, J.T., 243,
280
Mueller, T.D.,
277
Muller, J.M.,
279
Muskat, M.,
158
Myhill, N.A., 238, 243, 244,
280
NACE, 307,
340
NACE, RP-07-75, 343,
371
NACE, TM-01-73, 339,
370
NACE, TPC #5,
317
NGAA, 307,
317
NGPSA,
59
Neal, M.R., 216,
220
Neil, J.D., 320,
370
Nelson, W.L.,
520
Nemerow, T.E.W., 428,
454
Newman,
K.,
66, 67,
100
Niko,
H.,
280
Nind, T.E.W., 6,
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Noran, D.,
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OBrian, M.P., 411,
419
ODell, P.M., 244,
280
OMedia, C.R., 358,
371
548
O’Nesky, S.K., 245,
278
Obert,
L.,
102,
158
Oglesby, K.D.,
280
Olson, J.C.,
280
Oskay, M.M.,
277
Osoba, J.S.,
219
Ousterhout, R.S., 131,
158
Pacheco, E.F., 232,
280
Parker, J.C.,
317
Parlar, M., 155
Patton, D.L., 192,
220
Pellegrini Jr., J.P., 128,
159
Perkin, A.A., 61
Perry, R.H., 281,
520
Petroleum Extension Service, Univ. Texas,
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Phansalker, A.K., 128,
158
Phocas, D.M.,
279
Pierce, R.R.,
280
Pittman, G.M., 243,
277
Poettmann,
F.H.,
6,
11, 59
Pope, R., 340,
371
Postgate,
342
Powers, J.,
59
Powers, L.W.,
281
Powers, M.L.,
280
Prats, M., 277,
280
Production Profits, Inc.,
354
Querio, C.W., 458, 460, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466,
Quon,
D., 243,
279
467,
473
Rabb, D.D., 153,
157
Rabinowicz,
E.,
59
Ramey Jr., H.J., 229, 230, 241, 280, 281,
282
Randall, B.V.,
317
Ranney, M.W., 374, 376, 379,
419
Ratliff, N.W.,
277
Ray, J.D.,
317
Reed, M.G., 200,
220
Reilly, P.B., 434, 435,
454
Reitsema, R.H.,
10, 11
Rcpublic Geothermal, 108, 126, 127, 135, 136,
Reynolds, J.J., 69,
99
Rhodes,
F.H.,
301,
31 7
Richards,
E.C.,
26, 27,
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Riddick, T.M., 357,
371
Rieke 111, H.H.,
7,
11,
64,
100, 110, 158
Riggs, O.L., 298,
299
Rivero, R.T.,
281
137, 138, 139, 141, 142,
158
Roberts, A.P.,
1,
2,
11,
108,
115, 157,
191, 193,
Robertson Jr., J.O.,
158, 541
Robinson, J.M.,
216,
449,
455
Robinson, J.P., 209,
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Roebuck, A.H., 128,
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Rogers,
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244
Rogers, W.L.,
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159
Rosborough, W.M., 292,
316
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Rubinshtein,
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281,
230
Russell, R., 302,
317
219
Sachtschale, J.R., 441,
444,
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Sackett, W.M.,
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Salathiel, W.M., 209,
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Salomon,
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376, 377, 378,
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Sarem, A.M.,
281
Satter, A., 230, 232,
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220
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Schaaf, S.A., 411,
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Schairer,
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Schaschl,
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371
Schenk, L., 239,
277
Schlottman, B.W., 151,
159
Schoell, M.,
10,
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Schwartz, D.H., 195, 196, 218,
220
Scisson,
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470,
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Scott, J.B., 128,
159
Seba, R.D.,
281
Sellars, C., 401, 414,
419
Serick Baker, Inc., 359, 360,
361
Shain, S.A.,
279
Shelton, J.L.,
279
Shipley, R.G.,
280
Shore, R.A.,
279
Shryock, S.G., 64, 70, 75, 76,
100,
209, 214, 216,
Shryock,
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279
Shutler, N.D., 243,
281
Sikora, V.J.,
108,
127,
158
Silberberg,
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243, 277
Simonsen, R.N., 356,
371
Simpson, J.P.,
317
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11
Skeeks,
K.A.,
110
Slagle, K.A.,
100
220
549
Sloss,
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198, 199,
219
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59
Smatko, J.S.,
311
Smith,
D.K.,
63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 81,
82, 83, 84, 86, 89,
99,
100
Smith, J.E.,
155,
159
Snavely, E.S.,
297, 311,
316, 317
Snyder,
R.E.,
100
SOC. Petrol. Engr.,
541
Solum, J.R.,
203, 204, 206, 209, 211, 214, 216,
220
Solum
Oil
Tool Corp.,
90, 92, 93, 94, 100, 207,
208, 210, 211, 212, 220
Somerton, W.H.,
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281
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69,
100
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325,
371
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112,
157
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281
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59
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281
Staehle, R.W.,
317
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10,
I2
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307,
317
Stegemeier,
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238, 244,
280,
281
Steiner, M.E.,
458
Stephens, R.J.,
277
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280
Steward, J.B.,
128,
159
Stiff, H.A..
327.
371
Stiner, M.E.,
460, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467,
Stokes, D.D.,
281
Storer, D.,
110
Strange,
H.O.,
128,
159
Struthers Thermo-Flood, Corp.,
248, 249, 253,
Struthers-Anderson,
448
Stumm, W.,
357,
371
Sudbury, J.D.,
298, 299,
317
Suman Jr., G.O.,
100,
198, 206,
220
Superior, Inc.,
430,
432
Sutherland, L.B.,
252, 253,
281
4 73
257, 268, 269, 270,
275
TEMA Standards,
258
Taschman, B.M.,
281
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61, 62, 63,
100
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100
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158
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520
Templeton, W.J.,
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59,
418
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243,
279
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281
Tokheim Corp.,
59
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281
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61,
100
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239,
281
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230, 233,
281
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280
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389
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66,
100
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277
Tubular Exch. Manu. Assoc.,
281
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Tyrand, P.A.,
281
US.
Maritime Admin.,
375,
419
UGC Instruments,
45
Udwin, E.,
358,
371
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302,
317,
518,
520
Ulrich Books, Inc.,
459
Underdown, D.R.,
200, 202,
220
Urn,
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328,
371
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281
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282
Van Poelgeest,
F.,
279
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282
Van Lookeren, J.A.,
277
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6,
11,
59
Veatch, R.W.,
101, 125, 127, 132, 134, 139,
159
Venturi, G.B.,
33
Vipperman, O.T.,
279
Volek, C.W.,
235, 277, 280,
281
Von Engelhardt, W.,
320, 321,
371
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157
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427, 428, 429,
455
Wachter, A.P.,
306,
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154,
157
Walker,
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419
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202,
220
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200, 202,
220,
298,
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Weast, R.C.,
541
Weeter,
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291,
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6,
11,
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Weinbrandt, R.M.,
214,
282
Welbourn, M.E.,
279,
281
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31 7
Weymouth, T.R.,
33
White,
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100
White, I.L.,
376, 377, 378,
419
Whitman, W.,
302,
317
Whitten, D.G.,
281
550
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100
Willhite, P.G., 230,
282
Williamson, A.S.,
282
Willis, D.G., 112,
158
Willis,
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Willman,
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281
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282
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282
Wimpress,
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253,
282
Witherspoon, P.A.,
371
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11,
194, 195, 219,
220
Wooden, L.G.,
281
Wright, C.C., 298, 323, 335, 339, 340, 348, 353,
370,
371
Wright, D.C., 203, 204,
206,
380,
419
Wright,
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317
Wright,
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220
Wu,
C.H.,
282
Wynn, J.C.,
280
Yen,
T.F.,
6, 7,
11,
153, 157,
158
Yoelin, S.D.,
282
Young,
H.W.,
278,
376, 377,
419
Yuster,
S.T.,
102,
159
Zaba,
J.,
295,
317,
541
Zheltov, Y.P., 113,
I58
Zinn,
J.,
418
551
SUBJECT
INDEX
*
Acid, 161
-
additives, 174
--
,
cleanup 182
--
,
complexing agents, 181, 182
_-
,
corrosion inhibitors, 175
--
,
diverting agents, 180
-_
,
fluid-loss, 178, 179
--
,
friction reducers, 177, 178
--
,
iron-sequestering agents, 181, 182
--
,
purpose of, 162, 174
--
,
solvents, 176
--
,
surfactants, 176, 177
-
,
desired properties
of
oilwell, 165
-
,
dissolving power of, 169
-
fracturing design, 186
-
,
gravel solubility in, 200, 201
-
,
inorganic, 163, 164
-
,
mud, 162
-
,
organic, 163, 164
-
,
properties
of,
163, 165
-
reaction, with rock, 168, 170
-
-
rate, effect
of
temperature on, 183
-
soak, 171
-
spending time, 165, 183-185
-
types, 163
-
washing, 171
Acid
rain,
436
Acidity
of
petroleum products, organic, 502
Acidizing, 161
-
carbonate reservoirs, 167
-
design, 182-186
-
-,
fracture, 186
-
-,
matrix, 182
-
,
high-pressure, 174
-
,
matrix, 172, 182
-
,
purpose
of,
162, 171
-
reactions, kinetic models for, 167
-
sandstone reservoirs, 169
-
treatments, 171
Aerobic plate count test, 339, 342, 345, 350
-
,
carbonic, 301, 303, 331
-
,
history of, 161
Alkalinity, 266
-
effect on corrosion, 302, 303
-
of
feedwater in steam injection, 266
Ammonia injection, 449
Aniline, 492
- -
gravity constant, 492
Antiknock additives, 487
API gravity, 483, 512
-_
,
definition, 483
--
,
measurement, 483, 512
Ash content
of
oils, testing, 501
Aviation fuels, see fuels
Avogadro’s law, 49
Azeotropic solutions, 477
-
point, 492
Bacteria, 306, 339
-
count, 348
-
,
facultative, 342
-
growth tests, 339, 341, 342, 345, 346
-
,
role
of,
in corrosion, 306
-
,
sulfate-reducing, 306, 307, 339, 341, 342
-
,
total, in water, 339, 342, 345
Barite, 69
Bean performance chart,
5,
6
Bernoulli‘s equation, 24, 27
Blistering, hydrogen, 293
Boyle’s law, 49
Caprock, 458
-
,
pump testing
of,
459
Carbon dioxide, 301, 329, 363,
505
-
-
content of a gas, testing,
505
-
-
corrosion, 301, 329
-
--,
in drilling and production, 301
-
--,
in waterflooding, 329
- -
removal from water, 363
Carbon monoxide, 422, 436, 506
-
-,
as pollutant, 422, 436
-
-
content of a gas, testing, 506
Carbon residue
of
oil, 501
Carter’s equation, 122, 155
*
Prepared by Mehmet Parlar and George
V.
Chilingarian.
552
Casing vent, gas collection systems, 450
~ ~
gathering systems, 272
Catalytic converters, 449
Catalytic reduction, 449
Cathodic protection, 285, 303, 305
~
-
for corrosion control, 285, 303
~-
,
galvanic type, 305
_-
,
impressed-current type, 305
Caustic soda, use in sulfur dioxide control, 443,
Caverns, 459, 462, 470
~
,
mined, 470
-
.
salt, 462, 463, 466, 468
Cells, 328
-
,
concentration, 328
~
,
dissimilar electrode corrosion, 328
Cement, 61
-
additives, 68
_-
,
accelerators, 68
__
,
dispersants, 70
~-
,
filtration control, 70
__
,
Friction reducers, 70
_-
,
heavy-weight, 69
--
,
light-weight, 68
~-
,
lost circulation, 69
-
-,
retarders, 69
~
,
calcium aluminate, 67
~
,
chemistry and characteristics of, 61
-
,
classification of, 63
-
-
,
curing of, 63
-
,
diesel oil, 65
~
displacement operations, types
of,
75
-
,
expanding, 66
-
,
gypsum, 66
~
,
hardening of, 62
-
,
latex, 67
-
,
low-density, 67
-
paste, 62, 63
-
,
permafrost, 68
-
,
plastic, 65
-
,
pozzolan-lime, 65
~
,
properties of, used in
USA,
71
-
,
resin,
65
~
slurry density, 77
-
,
setting of, 62
-
,
specialty oilwell, 64
-
,
spherelite, 67
-
standards outside
USA,
70
Cementing,
-
,
delayed setting, 76
-
equipment, 78, 83
445
,
--,
in various countries, 72
-
,
POZZO~~~~C, 64
-
-,
subsurface, 83, 84
-
-,
-,
casing-cementing heads, 86
-
-,
-,
casing centralizers, 85, 89-91, 93-95
-
-, -,
--,
API
specifications, 94
-
-,
-,
casing packer, 85, 96-99
-
-, -,
casing scratchers, 85, 91-93
-
-, -,
cement basket, 85, 94,
95,
99
-
-,
-,
cementing plugs, 85, 86
-
-,
-,
float collar, 84, 86, 87
-
-,
-,
float shoe, 86, 87, 95
-
-, -,
guide shoe, 83, 84, 86, 95
-
-,
-,
stage cementing tools, 84, 88, 89
-
-,
surface, 78, 84
-
-,
-,
mixing,
79
-
-,
-, -,
batch, 82
-
-, -,
-,Jet,
80
-
-,
-,
-,
recirculating,
81
-
-,
-,
pumping, 78
-
-,
-,
recirculating, 81
-
,
inner-string, 75
-
,
liner, 75, 98
-
,
multiple-stage, 88
-
,
normal displacement, 75
-
operations, 73
-
-,
regulations for, 73, 76
-
practice, 73
-
,
primary, 73-75
-
,
reverse circulation, 76
-
,
secondary, 73
-
,
squeeze, 73, 76
-
,
stage, 75, 88, 97, 98
-
,
WOC
time in, 76
Charcoal test, 510
Charles’ law, 49
Chart,
-
,
Gilbert’s bean performance, 5,6
-
,
orifice meter, 40
-
,
pressure drop/flow rate, turbine flowmeters,
-
,
pressure drop
of
85%-quality steam flowing
-
,
pressure losses in fracturing treatment,
-
,
roundness and sphericity of sand
grains,
199
-
,
steam generator heating requirements, 260
-
,
sulfide increase, 347
-
,
waterflood rating, 348
Choke, 2-4
-
location,
on
Christmas tree, 2
--
,
on
offshore production platform, 4
-
-,
summary
of, 84
-
,
history
of,
61
-
, -,
tools,
84, 88, 89
20
in pipes, 228
117-124
553
Christmas tree, 2
Clay, swelling of, 320, 321
Cleveland open cup tester, 498, 515
Cloud point, 499, 516
Coagulants, chemical, 435
Coagulation, 434, 435
Color
of oil, 499, 515
Compressibility of unconsolidated sands, 7
Contaminants, water, 423
Contamination
of
fuels, testing for, 487
Conversion of units, 521-541
-
factor, dynamic viscosity, 521, 522
-
-,
multicomponent, 522, 523
-
-,
theoretical aspects, 521
Copper strip corrosion test, 495, 504
-
--_
for gasoline, 495
-
-__
for lubricating oils, 504
Corrodants, 283, 296, 297, 301, 327
-
,
bacteria, 306, 307, 331
-
,
carbon dioxide, 301-303, 329
-
,
hydrogen sulfide, 297, 329
-
in drilling and production operations, 283, 296
-
in waterflooding, 327
-
,
oxygen, 296, 330
Corrosion, 283, 307, 327, 495, 504, 518
-
,
bacterial, 306, 307, 331
-
,
carbon dioxide-induced, 301-303, 329
-
,
cavitation, 291
~
,
chemistry of, 287
-
,
conditions promoting, 284
-
control, 285, 300
-
-,
cathodic protection for, 285, 303
-
-,
in hydrogen sulfide environment, 300
-
coupons, 343-345, 348
-
,
definition of, 283
-
,
electrochemical, 284
-
,
-,
components
of,
286
-
,
electrode polarization by, 285
-
,
erosion, 291
-
,
fatigue, 294
-
,
galvanic, 290
-
,
hydrogen sulfide-induced, 297, 329
-
in drilling and production operations, 283,296
-
in
gas-condensate wells, 307
-
in waterflooding, 327, 329
-
inhibition, 339
-
inhibitors, 310
-
-,
in
acidizing, 175
-
,
intergranular, 290
-
,
measurement of actual, 349
-
,
measurement of factors leading to, 350
-
,
microbial, 306, 307, 331
-
,
oxygen-induced, 296, 330
-
passivators, 310
-
,
pitting, 290
-
rate, 175, 348
-
-,
effect of temperature
on,
175
-
reaction rates, 285, 286
-
,
ring worm, 290
-
,
selective leaching, 291
-
,
steel, 289
-
,
stress, 291, 292
-
test, for gasoline, 495
-_
,
for lubricating oils,
504
-
,
two-metal, 290
-
,
types of, 290
-
,
uniform attack, 290
Cracking, 292
-
,
in drilling and production environments, 292
-
,
sulfide, 292, 303
Crankcase oil, dilution of,
500,
516
Dalton’s law, 49, 330, 478
Daneshy’s formula, 113
Deaeration, 260, 367
-
equipment for injection water, 367
-
,
feedwater, in steam injection, 260
Deep agar test, 342, 345, 350
Density
-
meter, 149
-
of
rocks, 231
Depolarizers, 285, 286
Design,
-
,
acidizing, 182-186
-
,
gravel pack, 217
-
,
offshore platform, 407-414
-
,
steam injection equipment, 246-258
-
,
wastewater treatment, 424
-
,
water intake in waterflooding, 335
Dew point,
of
flue
gas, 259, 270
Discoloration number, 495
Dissolved gases, removal from injection water,
Distillation, 475
-
of
gasoline, 481, 511
-
of crude oil, 512
-
,
theoretical considerations, 475
-
,
water in petroleum by, 513
Doctor test, 488
363
Electrochemical corrosion, 284
-
-,
components of, 286
-
-,
reactions in, 284
-
-,
requirements for, 284
Electrode potentials, 287-289
-
reactions, 288
554
Electromotive force
(EMF)
series, 287, 288
Embrittlement, hydrogen, 291, 292
Emission, steamflood, 436
-
control, 441, 447, 449, 450, 452
-_
,
hydrocarbon, 450, 452
~~
,
nitrogen oxides, 449, 452
~~
,
particulate, 447, 452
_-
,
sulfur dioxide,
441,
452
Eminence Salt Dome caverns, 463
~
___
,
design specifications for, 463
-
___
,
operating cycle of, 465
Enhanced oil recovery
(EOR),
221
-
--
classification, 222
-
-_
,
hot plate, 245
~
~-
,
steam, 221
Engler distillation, 511
Equation,
-
,
Bernoulli’s, 24, 27, 36
-
,
Carter’s, 122, 155
-
,
Daneshy’s, 113
-
,
Foxboro’s, 32
Equilibrium diagrams, 476, 482
--
,
eutectic type, 482
-_
,
layer type, 482
--
,
solution type, 476
Ethane-methane content of a gas, 506
Ettringite, 66
FAST (fracture assisted steamflooding technol-
ogy), 245, 246
Feedwater, 264-267
-
,
alkalinity of, 266
-
,
dissolved gases in, 265
~
,
hardness of, 267
-
,
metal contaminants
in,
266
-
,
oil content in, 265
-
,
silica content in, 266
-
,
treatment
of,
264
-
,
turbidity
of,
265
Filtercake permeability, 348
Fire point, test, 498, 514
Fixation, oxidation
of
elemental nitrogen,
440
Flash point, test, 498, 514
Flocculation, 366, 367, 434, 435
-
filters, 367
-
systems, 366
Flowmeter, 13
-
,
accuracy
of,
13
-
cutaway, 148
-
,
electromagnetic, 30, 31
-
,
linearity of, 14
-
,
magnetic, 30
-
,
pH of, 266
-
,
mass, 29
-
,
orifice, 13, 21-23, 32, 33
-
, -,
description of, 34, 37
-
,
-,
flow rate equations
for,
32
-
,
-,
operation of, 35
-
,
-,
plate holders, 24, 25
-
,
-,
plate types, 22, 23, 25
-
,
-,
pressure taps, 23, 24, 26, 21
-
,
positive displacement, 13, 15, 17, 18, 28
-
,
--,
nutating disc type, 15
-
,
--,
oval gear, 15, 19
-
,
--,
rotary vane type, 15
,
,
,
specifications of, 21
-
,
--,
types
of,
15
-
,
rangeability
of,
14
-
,
readout devices of, 21
-
,
repeatability of, 14
-
,
special, 30-32
-
,
turbine, 13, 15, 16, 27
-
, -,
cross-section of, 17
-
,
-,
pressure drop curves
for,
20
-
,
-,
specifications
of
waterfood, 19
-
,
types of, 13
-
,
ultrasonic, 31, 32
-
,
vortex shedding, 27, 28
Flue gas, dewpoint, 259, 270
-
-
scrubbers, 267
Foxboro’s equation, 32
Fractionation, 479
-
tower, schematic diagram
of,
480
Fracture,
-
area, 119
-
-,
Carter’s equation for, 122, 155
-
closure pressure, 116
-
conductivity, 125,126, 136-138
--
,
effect
of particle sue
on,
136
-
-,
--
particle concentration
on,
137
-
-,
--
proppant quality
on,
136
-_
,
--
proppant roundness
on,
138
-_
,
factors reducing, 125
-_
,
variation with effective stress, 126
-
geometry,
113
-
inclination, 115
-
initiation, 116
-
orientation,
111
-
propagation, 115
-
treatments, trend of, 104
Fracturing, 101
-
fluid coefficient, 123
-
fluids,
105,
125, 127
--
,
acid-base, 133, 134
-
-
additives, 125, 127, 139
-
, -,
history
of,
33
-
-_
--_