Бородулин В.И., Ланцман М.Н. Справочник: Болезни. Синдромы. Симптомы
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+)0 ?&0 0 )40 =0 /8(0 ?8;
0?/(=0?/4,-(000?=0=0?&
8+0+0*0+00?)0& 0
+00 =0+ ,)0-000+80;
8(0/0*00/80?))00?,0& ;
0 80 '0 +40 (80 ,0 ?,0 &
00/800 0804,)00(=0>;
=0/=0'00=0/00&000>=
0(=00/>+04/)0(4/+0+80
)0 (8+=0 &8+0 0 &?? 8+0 580 0 +4
0 0 0 &,=0 &>+0 8>+0 +80
*/400&8 008>0L<EP0/
6 00?0/0)+0(040=0
08=00/,-(0)00/0*)))0>;
+=0/+00=0&80+)+,0=0(,=0;
/0/(/)-0/0=0>+
" 0000 8=08?>0?&;
0 +0 0 +/)0 0 0 K<L0 /0 +0 ?;
=0?-)0=0&)080=0?0-0/
:PF
"35*%
, 080&,/0? ,000C+=0+,
- ,0/D=0)00+0+>00>)=08
- 80)'=0)?00,-0+800>,=0)
48080*+),0>80/=0040?;
0 0C0TN=0@?D
"+
$#'0?0?,-0&?80/;
480?+0+80=08?8,-04000?;
800-
0 0 ?+0 40 8>0 ?&/+0 ;+8;
> 000 &,/)0 +-00/=0 (;
/)-()0 0 +0 +=0 0 ?+0
?+=0>0&+0-=0/00?+00;
')00+0[=000&(+=0(=0(=0?+;
=0/'=0( 0+8=0/0+800/00;
?+0+00 /8(0 ?/(=0/4-0?/4,;
-0 -0 C80 0 /D=0 +?80 ?0 & 0
8+08+0+=0?/40&4/,-0
?0 0 0 C?&=0 (=0 ?+D=0 0 ;
&,/)0 40 0 =0 @+=0 &)=0 0 (
T /0+40?)00+)0 =0>)=0+(=00=0;
(
"?+00/0)))0?8+0>+8+0)-+0?;
/8+0/(+=0&/,00'?+0'=0, +000/8;
()0+0+8=0 )4+0+8>'0>0 0+)
00&0&8 0?0?/=00 >08=
+ ,)0(/80=0/80=0+)00/8(;
)0+0/0)00?+0800?/4)
/8(0 '0 /8(0 )0 0 (0 )(0 ;
0/)00/=0? )0/8+0/(+=00 ;
0&0 0&00+ 0/8>=0/0/0?8;
0 *80 +0 ))0 0 ?0 0 =0 &8 0 /+
)48(0 )(=0/00&0/4=0?+480;
?80/=00?0=0)0?)=0?0+;
00/')=00/'0*0?)4+00+4
0+00(
3 0?+00?8(0&8(0 )00/;
+0=0-/=0 M00&80-)0+;
)03/00+0@ 0/00;
(0 )(00+40 )0+8+04+0
-=0?)48+0/(+0)-0(=0&/+00;
+0'=0>+8+0/(+0&0/40/8>=0(8;
+
" 0+)00/00&=0&;
0040?/(=0/080/8=0&8?0'0(/
/=0 /0 /=0 +0 ?/4,-0 ?/0 C-
4=0(00=0)0?0)?800/D0"?+0+4
)=0/40&+00+40&0/0?/40/8(;
=00 00+80/(=008?080
/+0 >+=0 40 /0 )0 )?80 +/,0 4
/8(0 ?000>80=0/0/48(
"3525
:PL
/0C?+800(/+0<0P=<P=K000E00/8D=000?;
)48(0 )(0<0808=00P=KQ00&+/0)0
E0 0400?00/0C/)0/0/?80 8(0
?)00?D00/0&,00&'0(00;
(+0 0 (0 )(0 ),-)0 ?+0 &(/+
')0 0*?80&-),-)0)00?
? ,080')=0+0[=00& =
'804+00/8+0&8+004+0?/(=0;
+-0+ ;,0-
*?
-0&)80T0/0?+=00;
=00?+0 ?
""
$'
0&')000400;
=0/)-00?/,00000(/+0/)
?/(04/80?0+40&80&0
04?=0+=0040/+0&?)+=0;
48+0&?0=00 +0?+)+00
*&80?0 -0)))0?+0?&)
0 4/)0 +0 =0 40 +++0 '0 &?
C/=0&,>0080=0=0=08D=0;
(0 '=0 ?&0 0 +80 580 ?
?)0 0 0 /=0 +=0 =0 (0 /0 *
0+0&800080C+0
+
D00;
80 C D=0 0 40 )4)0 / )=0 )0 / ;
=0 +8=0 80 )=0 + 0 0 (+ 0 4
=0 0'80C8=0(8D00;
,-(000(00)(=0>0/0'
M0&')000/8+0+=0>+0?
C(=0+ =0&000D=00>+000)?0+;
=0 8+0 ++=0 ,=0 &?8+0 +0 50 +4
&80/+0?+=0 000/08(0
4?0 0)))0?+)=0=000?8(<)M0;
0 40 (+8=0 (0 (/0 ?0 0 0 (+ ;
0&=0)0?+00/0?800,M
4)00&'0(040/)00?,0;
?0 6 0 ?0 ?)0 0 0 /=0 +);
'=0050+40&80&0&'8+0?+)+0=0;
>)+00/0'
0 0?0? ,0/0+'=0/+;
'000.)00(80&0?+/8=0 +00+=
+0/8()=0 0&80/8()=0-=00?+08/;
0?0+4/0/(+008/(+=0)0/8>00>+00+)
/(00? 0?
0 /0 /+'0 0 &0 ?,0(0 0 &=
&,/,)0&/=00?+0,>04=00,0 /0;
0=008(040'00?8(0& =0(/;
80 =0 )0 /8>0 0 =0 8>+80 0 )0 >+
0/(=0 0 00/8()0+0 +80C/;
;, '/8(0 0 &>(0 /8(0 +8>'D=0 ?/0 /,;
8(=0/, 8(00)+0)+=0)40+4&8(0+4;
00/ 0&0*00+ ,)0 0(
:PF
"35*%
, 080&,/0? ,000C+=0+,
- ,0/D=0)00+0+>00>)=08
- 80)'=0)?00,-0+800>,=0)
48080*+),0>80/=0040?;
0 0C0TN=0@?D
"+
$#'0?0?,-0&?80/;
480?+0+80=08?8,-04000?;
800-
0 0 ?+0 40 8>0 ?&/+0 ;+8;
> 000 &,/)0 +-00/=0 (;
/)-()0 0 +0 +=0 0 ?+0
?+=0>0&+0-=0/00?+00;
')00+0[=000&(+=0(=0(=0?+;
=0/'=0( 0+8=0/0+800/00;
?+0+00 /8(0 ?/(=0/4-0?/4,;
-0 -0 C80 0 /D=0 +?80 ?0 & 0
8+08+0+=0?/40&4/,-0
?0 0 0 C?&=0 (=0 ?+D=0 0 ;
&,/)0 40 0 =0 @+=0 &)=0 0 (
T /0+40?)00+)0 =0>)=0+(=00=0;
(
"?+00/0)))0?8+0>+8+0)-+0?;
/8+0/(+=0&/,00'?+0'=0, +000/8;
()0+0+8=0 )4+0+8>'0>0 0+)
00&0&8 0?0?/=00 >08=
+ ,)0(/80=0/80=0+)00/8(;
)0+0/0)00?+0800?/4)
/8(0 '0 /8(0 )0 0 (0 )(0 ;
0/)00/=0? )0/8+0/(+=00 ;
0&0 0&00+ 0/8>=0/0/0?8;
0 *80 +0 ))0 0 ?0 0 =0 &8 0 /+
)48(0 )(=0/00&0/4=0?+480;
?80/=00?0=0)0?)=0?0+;
00/')=00/'0*0?)4+00+4
0+00(
3 0?+00?8(0&8(0 )00/;
+0=0-/=0 M00&80-)0+;
)03/00+0@ 0/00;
(0 )(00+40 )0+8+04+0
-=0?)48+0/(+0)-0(=0&/+00;
+0'=0>+8+0/(+0&0/40/8>=0(8;
+
" 0+)00/00&=0&;
0040?/(=0/080/8=0&8?0'0(/
/=0 /0 /=0 +0 ?/4,-0 ?/0 C-
4=0(00=0)0?0)?800/D0"?+0+4
)=0/40&+00+40&0/0?/40/8(;
=00 00+80/(=008?080
/+0 >+=0 40 /0 )0 )?80 +/,0 4
/8(0 ?000>80=0/0/48(
"3525
:PL
/0C?+800(/+0<0P=<P=K000E00/8D=000?;
)48(0 )(0<0808=00P=KQ00&+/0)0
E0 0400?00/0C/)0/0/?80 8(0
?)00?D00/0&,00&'0(00;
(+0 0 (0 )(0 ),-)0 ?+0 &(/+
')0 0*?80&-),-)0)00?
? ,080')=0+0[=00& =
'804+00/8+0&8+004+0?/(=0;
+-0+ ;,0-
*?
-0&)80T0/0?+=00;
=00?+0 ?
""
$'
0&')000400;
=0/)-00?/,00000(/+0/)
?/(04/80?0+40&80&0
04?=0+=0040/+0&?)+=0;
48+0&?0=00 +0?+)+00
*&80?0 -0)))0?+0?&)
0 4/)0 +0 =0 40 +++0 '0 &?
C/=0&,>0080=0=0=08D=0;
(0 '=0 ?&0 0 +80 580 ?
?)0 0 0 /=0 +=0 =0 (0 /0 *
0+0&800080C+0
+
D00;
80 C D=0 0 40 )4)0 / )=0 )0 / ;
=0 +8=0 80 )=0 + 0 0 (+ 0 4
=0 0'80C8=0(8D00;
,-(000(00)(=0>0/0'
M0&')000/8+0+=0>+0?
C(=0+ =0&000D=00>+000)?0+;
=0 8+0 ++=0 ,=0 &?8+0 +0 50 +4
&80/+0?+=0 000/08(0
4?0 0)))0?+)=0=000?8(<)M0;
0 40 (+8=0 (0 (/0 ?0 0 0 (+ ;
0&=0)0?+00/0?800,M
4)00&'0(040/)00?,0;
?0 6 0 ?0 ?)0 0 0 /=0 +);
'=0050+40&80&0&'8+0?+)+0=0;
>)+00/0'
0 0?0? ,0/0+'=0/+;
'000.)00(80&0?+/8=0 +00+=
+0/8()=0 0&80/8()=0-=00?+08/;
0?0+4/0/(+008/(+=0)0/8>00>+00+)
/(00? 0?
0 /0 /+'0 0 &0 ?,0(0 0 &=
&,/,)0&/=00?+0,>04=00,0 /0;
0=008(040'00?8(0& =0(/;
80 =0 )0 /8>0 0 =0 8>+80 0 )0 >+
0/(=0 0 00/8()0+0 +80C/;
;, '/8(0 0 &>(0 /8(0 +8>'D=0 ?/0 /,;
8(=0/, 8(00)+0)+=0)40+4&8(0+4;
00/ 0&0*00+ ,)0 0(
:PB
"35""x
/8(=0&0/ 0/)0C 800&0;
)=0/0.D=0>0? =0?0'?=0)0?)
.&8 00/)0?/008;
)0 0 /8(0 +?=0 4&(0 &=0 ?(0 40 ;
+=0/)00/8()=0+0((0/8(8(0;
0 0 '8(0 /0 */0 /0 &/)
&0 ?+40 >0 /=0 /0 +0 0 40 />0 5+
&=0000/>)0? )0& 00&8
40(+=0/)00 >)00))
" 000?&00 >0/8(;
)0&05&)?0?')0? ,0804+=
-/)-,0 /0 ?/(0 0 +-=0 /0 (/)0 &=0 /4
&80 8+0048+00+0 &8(0+)0&8
, ,0 ,-0 '/80 C =0 8)=0 )
480800 'D=0//',0C00,;
?8=0 (/0 ')D=0 /&?,-,0 C+80 ;
8=0 ,/8D=0 /?',0 0 &-),-,
,00)0)0@00?0(/
0/,0/+'=0?0(+)
*??000?&)=00))0&=
0 ?=0 )0 ,-(0 ?&=0 0 0 84;
00&880?)0?/0/8()0
" 2$CA0&?0D0<0)0')
&?=0(?,-))0?+0+=04+0';
00+8=04/ ;> 0=0
?&/0<0+')0 =0=0&00;
/8(0/+(=0 00&0/0&0,)048+0
K R0<0EE0/=00: R0<0EKP0/M00 0/00: R0<0EKP0/=
0K R0<00+00/=00//0<0&0/0C:EK0/D=
/0<00LP0/0E:P0/0?&/0&80)
EQ0+0+=0LPQ0+=0/+=0+
3 0'008)0?&/0+40?+4)
/'(=0/>8(0(=0(=0)(=0(0/)
0)'0(=00/+(=040 0*0;
/ 0@8040?00/8(0+ >(0
'0/80&,0?&,0( 0;
?+=0(80/&=0=0+0++/0&;
+0)00/0@/+ (08>00/ (
0N-0&,0+4 8
) 0 0580/0+80?0<
+ )0C&?0D0000?&
&?0+0C)0(/D03&'80/0/;
4)0 0 0 /0 EP0 /0 *0 + 0 +0 &?0 )
00&80/U+0+800?&000/0&8
4,)00&00/000+8>'(=0,0&0>0
(=0 ?+0 0 <K;0 /)0 )0 48+0 %40 &80 (;
0?+480&004=0=04/00*0;
+0 /0 0 0 /0 8)),)0 )&?80 ;
'80800)=0800/>+0;
,)0 +)0+0&80(0* 00KPQ0
"X5V
:PO
)0 ')0 /))0 *0 '0 (0 8);
),)0+?8 80480(8=0>+0)080*4
!0 )))0 4+=0 /0 ?++0?)=0;
>+0 /'0 /4=0 ,'')+=0 &'0 T0 &8(
+ ,)0>)0'8(0&0 =0&++)=0;
+)00)48(0 )(0?)0+)=0)0 )0;
/ 00KPQ0 0&?04))0'; +
>+=0 80 )))0 0 0 +0 0 0 <0 ;
80 '?0 0 /+0 +80 0 50 8>)0 /
BP0++n 0"?00/000?&)=0&;
(0?)00&8+0+/+0/)
.0?0/0?/?00,&0
)40 +=0 4/,-)0 80 +=0 @';
=0 / +0 ))+0 ?&/)0 8)),0 0 ;
04/00+0&8(0+/+0++,''0<
000<00+-,0+/0)+0++,''
.?0/4/)008)0 8(00&>0;
)00008(08(
"
/)00'0 >0?80/;
800 0@+'+M00)48(0 )(0@+'0;
/)00C<:000/D00 00+'+0C0
P=00: ?00/D08040'00/08
(0 )/0 *0 )4+0 0 ?0 /?;
')0 0 ++ )0 )=0)0*0
0 / 0 ?0 ? 0 /=0 /
+/?
* 0 8(0 ?,0 */=0 &=0 /4/=
8/)0&8(0&??4,0C&&0Q0+0=0;
) =0 D0 &(/+0 -)0 &??4
/>8(0=0-)00?0&0/'0.?;
',0/)0++00(/4-+0+
2G"!G
"
0<08/0000&;
(00/,-+00>+
,
$* '
0(0?08(0=04,-)0;
80+?008+0+8(00)=0040/;
0800
0(?,)0 +0 0&8(=
0?8(=0I+/8(J=000+0+?=0?=0+;
(0?(=0 00/(0(00)(0 ?+00+;
(00'(+ (0&0&8(008/),0;
0+00?A0+&8=0+&8=0?+;
&8=0 @+?0 0 /0 580 +?0 <0 &0
? 0(0?&00/=040 )00?;
8(M080+?0<0&/,-)0+0?00?8(
&0 /0 )0 0 &-0 &0 0 ?(0 &
)(=00&=0 >8=0?/400 /0?;
0 080+ ,)0?)0&=080&0
)(=0(/0?0/+0 80)),)0+00&>8
?))00400?8(0& (=0+ ,)0
:PB
"35""x
/8(=0&0/ 0/)0C 800&0;
)=0/0.D=0>0? =0?0'?=0)0?)
.&8 00/)0?/008;
)0 0 /8(0 +?=0 4&(0 &=0 ?(0 40 ;
+=0/)00/8()=0+0((0/8(8(0;
0 0 '8(0 /0 */0 /0 &/)
&0 ?+40 >0 /=0 /0 +0 0 40 />0 5+
&=0000/>)0? )0& 00&8
40(+=0/)00 >)00))
" 000?&00 >0/8(;
)0&05&)?0?')0? ,0804+=
-/)-,0 /0 ?/(0 0 +-=0 /0 (/)0 &=0 /4
&80 8+0048+00+0 &8(0+)0&8
, ,0 ,-0 '/80 C =0 8)=0 )
480800 'D=0//',0C00,;
?8=0 (/0 ')D=0 /&?,-,0 C+80 ;
8=0 ,/8D=0 /?',0 0 &-),-,
,00)0)0@00?0(/
0/,0/+'=0?0(+)
*??000?&)=00))0&=
0 ?=0 )0 ,-(0 ?&=0 0 0 84;
00&880?)0?/0/8()0
" 2$CA0&?0D0<0)0')
&?=0(?,-))0?+0+=04+0';
00+8=04/ ;> 0=0
?&/0<0+')0 =0=0&00;
/8(0/+(=0 00&0/0&0,)048+0
K R0<0EE0/=00: R0<0EKP0/M00 0/00: R0<0EKP0/=
0K R0<00+00/=00//0<0&0/0C:EK0/D=
/0<00LP0/0E:P0/0?&/0&80)
EQ0+0+=0LPQ0+=0/+=0+
3 0'008)0?&/0+40?+4)
/'(=0/>8(0(=0(=0)(=0(0/)
0)'0(=00/+(=040 0*0;
/ 0@8040?00/8(0+ >(0
'0/80&,0?&,0( 0;
?+=0(80/&=0=0+0++/0&;
+0)00/0@/+ (08>00/ (
0N-0&,0+4 8
) 0 0580/0+80?0<
+ )0C&?0D0000?&
&?0+0C)0(/D03&'80/0/;
4)0 0 0 /0 EP0 /0 *0 + 0 +0 &?0 )
00&80/U+0+800?&000/0&8
4,)00&00/000+8>'(=0,0&0>0
(=0 ?+0 0 <K;0 /)0 )0 48+0 %40 &80 (;
0?+480&004=0=04/00*0;
+0 /0 0 0 /0 8)),)0 )&?80 ;
'80800)=0800/>+0;
,)0 +)0+0&80(0* 00KPQ0
"X5V
:PO
)0 ')0 /))0 *0 '0 (0 8);
),)0+?8 80480(8=0>+0)080*4
!0 )))0 4+=0 /0 ?++0?)=0;
>+0 /'0 /4=0 ,'')+=0 &'0 T0 &8(
+ ,)0>)0'8(0&0 =0&++)=0;
+)00)48(0 )(0?)0+)=0)0 )0;
/ 00KPQ0 0&?04))0'; +
>+=0 80 )))0 0 0 +0 0 0 <0 ;
80 '?0 0 /+0 +80 0 50 8>)0 /
BP0++n 0"?00/000?&)=0&;
(0?)00&8+0+/+0/)
.0?0/0?/?00,&0
)40 +=0 4/,-)0 80 +=0 @';
=0 / +0 ))+0 ?&/)0 8)),0 0 ;
04/00+0&8(0+/+0++,''0<
000<00+-,0+/0)+0++,''
.?0/4/)008)0 8(00&>0;
)00008(08(
"
/)00'0 >0?80/;
800 0@+'+M00)48(0 )(0@+'0;
/)00C<:000/D00 00+'+0C0
P=00: ?00/D08040'00/08
(0 )/0 *0 )4+0 0 ?0 /?;
')0 0 ++ )0 )=0)0*0
0 / 0 ?0 ? 0 /=0 /
+/?
* 0 8(0 ?,0 */=0 &=0 /4/=
8/)0&8(0&??4,0C&&0Q0+0=0;
) =0 D0 &(/+0 -)0 &??4
/>8(0=0-)00?0&0/'0.?;
',0/)0++00(/4-+0+
2G"!G
"
0<08/0000&;
(00/,-+00>+
,
$* '
0(0?08(0=04,-)0;
80+?008+0+8(00)=0040/;
0800
0(?,)0 +0 0&8(=
0?8(=0I+/8(J=000+0+?=0?=0+;
(0?(=0 00/(0(00)(0 ?+00+;
(00'(+ (0&0&8(008/),0;
0+00?A0+&8=0+&8=0?+;
&8=0 @+?0 0 /0 580 +?0 <0 &0
? 0(0?&00/=040 )00?;
8(M080+?0<0&/,-)0+0?00?8(
&0 /0 )0 0 &-0 &0 0 ?(0 &
)(=00&=0 >8=0?/400 /0?;
0 080+ ,)0?)0&=080&0
)(=0(/0?0/+0 80)),)0+00&>8
?))00400?8(0& (=0+ ,)0
:EP
"X5V
/=08=0+ 8=0> 80 )0N0?,)0)?;
; 00&804)0400?8(0& =
&00=0?004/ ;> 00040'=
0 0 80 +0 ))0 80 ?8=0 ?8
0,-)00+80040-0+0?0;
' 0 ?80 88)=0 ,-)0 +4/0 &0 0 &)>
0+,-0/?80 0 0@/+00)/0;
0/0?>)0' 00040?;
,0)?; 0 0"+ 0?8=0?00
+0&80 8=0 -0+02+008)00&;
>+0?+(+=00+40&800&&000,
&80=0 0+&'00@'0 0+>M
0+0+?0+ )080/40&8(0
. ? 0,000 080C;
+00?0/),00+ +00'(+ +0;
?)+0&8(0D
8(0 ?,0 " 0 /)0 ' +
/+=00+&+0+0?0<00 00;
/+M0/)0'0+0 ? ,0 0@'
+&'0C0 D0+802 00?0<
,-05/0+80+/80 )0?),0/&;
)0+
01600+0)0( 0+?00+;
?=0++,0&?=0( 0&+ 0+?=0;
'+,=0/)00(0@'?0 C 0
@'D=00/
6 0 +?0 /0 +)0 0 &++
+40 /)0 0 +0 /0 0 C+;
8>0 0?8(0'=0 ,)0+'8
0+'80<0+4 80+80+/0)/D00/08;
40 080(80&=0&00)(=0;
=040=0(/=0&&)0+=0 ;
0)400400&00&0?=0&)0;
+008000?0M00=0 8
00?0?04)0)+0?+00+
/+0'00)?00@+0+ ,)0+=0&800;
804)=080+000++0(/00
0 0 0 '=0 0 +0 +'
+'=0 )0/40@?00&?00;
+0/0?&)0? 0 ,)0?00;
=008(0&8(0 80+ 0?80,
++80/ ;/0/ 0C/8>=0(/)=0;
?)00/D0%40?)0()0008)),)0&8
0C&80?D=0+>)0 0@'=0/0;
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