Бородулин В.И., Ланцман М.Н. Справочник: Болезни. Синдромы. Симптомы
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ELP
5632
/0 0 &0 '0 5&0 + 80 ;
>008/+0?00)0+80&,/)0
;(+ (0&((0*0)48(0+(0+ ,)0?/;
0/8(=0/8>0/0&'0/8(8(0=0&;
&)0+0=0&=0=0)0&=0&
04(0/(0/000(004=0)?)
0)4+0+8>'00>
5&U80/80/800/),)04
/8(=0/808/(=0+08>)0(0)-0(;
80C 0&(0&'D=040480+?8 8
(80 ++80 40 0 &(0 0 (,
0 ?,0 K<L;+0 /,0 ?&)0 00&(0 &;
'0+,0?)40 00+,0/',00(/00(;
0&(0T0/0+/>0?00080&(
+404))0+0&0)40080&;
(004+0+(0&(
" 00/0(/0&(/+0804+0*
48(0+(0? ,0&0000+=0+;
/+=08+0'+=0+80/800/+0/=0
0&00/,003?,0)'0+8(0/=0/;
&0)0*0(+0+ +0>0? ,0&=
00 0(4/)0+80+),0(,-0/;
0 C+=0 //0 )=0 &+D=0 0 0 C+;;+ (=
(')0=0/)00/D00',0)0&(?+0;
?80&(0C@D0*0)4+0 0?&)00;
@0 8(0 +)0 ?0 &)
)00@0',0+0?)0@+'=0+'
C/D=0 +'=0 /'0 C&+'D=0 &+=0 &
*0 (0 +0 (/0 44,-0 /0 C;
D0? ,04/80:<F0
* o e 0?, )000&)8(0;
04,-0/8=0-0)=0/4/0;
8(0'
=004+0&(M0(?)0)4;
8+0 +00?+0/8(0/ M0@)0&8
)
)00N0&(0/>,
++800&(00(&(03/0?&0?;
)006808>0+80/0B<O R=0+ ;
80 >0 0 /8+0 /+0 +80 C0 0 ?)0
0(&(D=0/8>0 00/0:P0/8(0 0E0+0 0&=
(0 /8(0 0 +0 +0 +80 5+;
,)0 /0 0 ' 0 '=0 '?0 >=0
* 0 )0 /)=0 0 ?/0 0 0 /;
00040/(0*80?00& 8+0+=
&004(0/(=0/))0-0 4(0 '0 ;
( 0 +0(0/40 0 0 &004;
/8()0 8>,)0 (0 )-0 0 ?0 +?8 ;
80(80 8)))0(/)=0+)0/')004,0.
00+0&8080'?=08>0502
?&)0)400/8(0/))0/ ;/)
/
5632
ELE
" 0 0?,0 *?80 0;
/0&0>00/)00/?(=0? +8(0
+=0)=0&(0C@D0*?80 ;
=0 80 &=0 0 /0 +?,=0 80 +;
80 0 /,0 0 *0 + +0 >0 +),0 /=
&=0 0 /0 >0 )0 /8+0 <0 (,-
/0C+=0''=0&+=0+00/D0*0;
?)(0'&?0/0&8(00)(0+'0;
/)00000
01=
0<0/?040&(0/;
=0 )?0 0 /8+0 ?/+0 ' (0 ?/4;
M04/)0'0?0 0 8+0 ?+)+
&(=0)))0>+008/+0+800 00+00;
/00)40000&0 ?0( 0&(04;
0 ? 0 /)0 0 '0 0 =
&0 =0 &)8+0 ?/)+0 ? 8(0
C=0 8>)0 ?80 0 ??D=0 ++/';
8+0))+0*40?0& 0&(0/0;
/00/'0)?0=00 0;
'0 &(=0 0 &0 >,0 &(0 (/+
/,-+0?+0+00 0?
)00?&)0?)0
58+04&+0&8(0)),)0>=0/0+800/8>;
0 0+80? 0<00/0/)+0/0EPP<EKP0+
0=00?00004)=0000?80?&)
C&0 0 +)D0 %0 +40 &80 ?=0 ?;
;00=0(/0&8 00+0N0&800;
/,0? )0/,0+8=08)00,0*
&8(0 0&0 /8>=0 00? 0 ?
08(/00(/=000+0?)0?&)0000*0;
40/8(0/0&(0/8>0 +40&80 8+0+;
++0?&)0680?0<0?+/0
8/(A0&0)0&0/(008/(00+40&8;
000C0+0/408/(008>0:0D0*
&U+0/0+08)))0& &?)0/)0;
=0& 8000=0&0040/8(
0 /8+0 8/(+=0 (0 )-0 0 444-0 (80 *
0 /8(0 / 0 + )0 '?=0 0 ?
( 0 0/'0<0/ )0/ 0&
00&)+=0 /,-+)00+)+
5&)0',)0'=0&)8+0+;
+0+0C8>)04=0(4/D00;
/0&0+ ,)00>)=0 0 0+;
8=0&8 00(=00/8>=0?0'
C&&)0 +=0 &=0 D=0 &(0 &;
'A0&(0>8(0008/(=0/808/(=0);
0 ((0 (=0 80 /0 >0 >,)0 0 4
40 0 0 +0 8/(0 2 0 ( 0 &(
+404))0?+0&(@?=0 0+=0/8(;
0 / ,=0 ( +0 8+0 /'+0 0 0
&)(0+40&80+0 05
EL
5652V
. ? 0( 0&(0,000;
/,-(0/8(A08/0+800 00+00+00/=0/;
0 0?&)=0 /0&00+=0;
0?00&?0080/00+?
" 0&)0)0?00848(0&;
)(0?&)=0&8(0&0'00,;
-(00'=08/+00+8=0?+0&(;
0 &'0 0 +0 0 0 80 C+=0 +;
)0 D0 '&?0 ? 0 0 '=0 '+
0C?D=0+'=0+'=0?+'=0';
'=0+?0*08(0+(040+0/0;
&8(00C)'=0(D=0+/;
,)0'80&(00+8+0+0'0.)
?44)0+800 >)00(4/)0? ,0&0;
=0 //0 )=0 ''=0 &+=0 +=0 +
C0404/80<0 D06>0@0/,00
C+;;+ (=0&=0(')0=00/00/D0
+ +0 +=0 - 80 )'=0 +40 /0 ;
*0 0&( 0+0+),0&(
C@=0 )'0 &=0 &/D0 +0 &8+0 ( +
&(+0?80 &)0?=0/8()0+
0 0( 0&(00+0?+,
&&0 0 +=0 ?/0 4,-0 /8=0 0 /8(
?/8(0=0/4/08(0'
"0?
$* '0 &+80 80 >)0 &(
?++080(007+0>8(0&(0? ;
=0 -0&,/,)0'/ 00+> 80&(@?805
+0&80 8+0C0/+0+00/0D00;
8+0 C?(8,0 '0 0 0 /40 &0 (D0 N-
&(@?80&,/,)004(0/)(0(
? ,0 4/80 0 &80 &(@?80 4/8
&(@?80?,00>0?)0&( 0+8
0&+0/M0/00 ,)00/+0+
?)0<0&8+04+0(0=0/8+
&+=0-+0(0 &80*&80&(@?80 ?;
,)=00=00? 8(0&( 8(0?&0C0;
,0 /00+00&?D000/+0&(
&'0,&0?03?+)00&(0&8 0 ,)
0'00? ,)0?>+0 (0 +8>
0 /0 =0 -+0 0 /0 ?U)?+
?0 & 0 *8>0 &(0 /)0 &8
&0 4+0 &(=0 +0 0 (0 =0 /8+
>+00?0&(@?00/0+0? 040;
>0 0 ?)0 &( 0 +80 0 /
&80)?008+00+0/+0?0C/0-0
? 0 +0 &( 0 +8D0 +)+=0 ;
,=0 ,>+0 0 /0 3/0 0 ?)0 &(@?0 0 /
)),)0 80/800.0?+4800?;
)0&(@?0<0+( 0>0&(00?;
0?000+>0&U+0(+800/,;
>+0/+0 0'
5652V
EL
)0
0 4/8(0 0 &8(
&(@?(0 0&80/=00/'0(=00;
=0/0++80/),)00+0,00;
,0 >)0 &(=0 84,0 /'0 &(;
8(0=0,0'=0/,0 0'
*00?8+8(0((0&(@?(=0/0))0'00;
48(0&((0 08480 00 &8(00 +8=0
++80 0 ,M0 /0 +40 ?0 0 ;
05/00&>0 0048(0&((0?)
/ 0&),-)0'80'0804,)
0 >0 0 ?;0 0 0 +0 /0 &=
I8+0+J0C/0/0L00+0&8 0?8,D0/0;
&,/)0 /)0 )0 ?)0 0 /;
0 >)0 <0 0 &0 &8(0 0 +=0 0 =0 0
+=00M000+)00>0+40
*0&)(0'0'0 0+80 ;
)00/0KP<EPP0+0000&00)/0 0+0;
&0)8=0 /0?80?(=0/40+0
*00)0+0?/))000)A0?0;
)00=00/0<0+;?)0?)04/=
(0<0?;)005&)0'0'0;
4/,)0/U++0+80=0&00 +=0;
'?+008+0/+=0 +050/0&,/;
,)0/8>=0,-))00 +0 )0&?=0?;
)0 ( 0 &(0 0 @+?+80 (=0 (/=0 (/>
=0'?0&00?00'00/8(
/ 00&,0+0 8(0=00'80;
0'00<0+0&&8(0 =00/0/0 0@0;
?0 ,)0/0T0/0&,-(000/
8)),0& 800000?=0
'0<040/8(=0)80(0(8=0/04;
800 +0 00T08(0&8(0/
?0 0 0 *0 ++0 00 ;
0?&)0+0?)0+/?0(0=0;
0/'00(/+00 ;/ ,0/
*0 /'0 /0 &(@?0 0 ( +
&(+=0+=0&'+0=0&?+00+0
0?,0+,00&(,M00/?0+;
0&()
"
&8(0&(@?+0+=00?+
(=0&( (=000&(/+0<0( ;
(0+/
*?)+0 0 ?'0 0 0 0 '?;
0+ 0/0)),)0&00;
'=0 )40 &-0 )0 &0 *0 +0
&0&(/+0 0?00'?0(;
0/00@040/)00+0)/0);
,0&8(=08+0?0( 0 0&(@?
0 008+0&?+000;
'00/'008>0.)0@040& 0(> ;
40&(0/00 0/4+0 +-,
EL
5652V
. ? 0( 0&(0,000;
/,-(0/8(A08/0+800 00+00+00/=0/;
0 0?&)=0 /0&00+=0;
0?00&?0080/00+?
" 0&)0)0?00848(0&;
)(0?&)=0&8(0&0'00,;
-(00'=08/+00+8=0?+0&(;
0 &'0 0 +0 0 0 80 C+=0 +;
)0 D0 '&?0 ? 0 0 '=0 '+
0C?D=0+'=0+'=0?+'=0';
'=0+?0*08(0+(040+0/0;
&8(00C)'=0(D=0+/;
,)0'80&(00+8+0+0'0.)
?44)0+800 >)00(4/)0? ,0&0;
=0 //0 )=0 ''=0 &+=0 +=0 +
C0404/80<0 D06>0@0/,00
C+;;+ (=0&=0(')0=00/00/D0
+ +0 +=0 - 80 )'=0 +40 /0 ;
*0 0&( 0+0+),0&(
C@=0 )'0 &=0 &/D0 +0 &8+0 ( +
&(+0?80 &)0?=0/8()0+
0 0( 0&(00+0?+,
&&0 0 +=0 ?/0 4,-0 /8=0 0 /8(
?/8(0=0/4/08(0'
"0?
$* '0 &+80 80 >)0 &(
?++080(007+0>8(0&(0? ;
=0 -0&,/,)0'/ 00+> 80&(@?805
+0&80 8+0C0/+0+00/0D00;
8+0 C?(8,0 '0 0 0 /40 &0 (D0 N-
&(@?80&,/,)004(0/)(0(
? ,0 4/80 0 &80 &(@?80 4/8
&(@?80?,00>0?)0&( 0+8
0&+0/M0/00 ,)00/+0+
?)0<0&8+04+0(0=0/8+
&+=0-+0(0 &80*&80&(@?80 ?;
,)=00=00? 8(0&( 8(0?&0C0;
,0 /00+00&?D000/+0&(
&'0,&0?03?+)00&(0&8 0 ,)
0'00? ,)0?>+0 (0 +8>
0 /0 =0 -+0 0 /0 ?U)?+
?0 & 0 *8>0 &(0 /)0 &8
&0 4+0 &(=0 +0 0 (0 =0 /8+
>+00?0&(@?00/0+0? 040;
>0 0 ?)0 &( 0 +80 0 /
&80)?008+00+0/+0?0C/0-0
? 0 +0 &( 0 +8D0 +)+=0 ;
,=0 ,>+0 0 /0 3/0 0 ?)0 &(@?0 0 /
)),)0 80/800.0?+4800?;
)0&(@?0<0+( 0>0&(00?;
0?000+>0&U+0(+800/,;
>+0/+0 0'
5652V
EL
)0
0 4/8(0 0 &8(
&(@?(0 0&80/=00/'0(=00;
=0/0++80/),)00+0,00;
,0 >)0 &(=0 84,0 /'0 &(;
8(0=0,0'=0/,0 0'
*00?8+8(0((0&(@?(=0/0))0'00;
48(0&((0 08480 00 &8(00 +8=0
++80 0 ,M0 /0 +40 ?0 0 ;
05/00&>0 0048(0&((0?)
/ 0&),-)0'80'0804,)
0 >0 0 ?;0 0 0 +0 /0 &=
I8+0+J0C/0/0L00+0&8 0?8,D0/0;
&,/)0 /)0 )0 ?)0 0 /;
0 >)0 <0 0 &0 &8(0 0 +=0 0 =0 0
+=00M000+)00>0+40
*0&)(0'0'0 0+80 ;
)00/0KP<EPP0+0000&00)/0 0+0;
&0)8=0 /0?80?(=0/40+0
*00)0+0?/))000)A0?0;
)00=00/0<0+;?)0?)04/=
(0<0?;)005&)0'0'0;
4/,)0/U++0+80=0&00 +=0;
'?+008+0/+=0 +050/0&,/;
,)0/8>=0,-))00 +0 )0&?=0?;
)0 ( 0 &(0 0 @+?+80 (=0 (/=0 (/>
=0'?0&00?00'00/8(
/ 00&,0+0 8(0=00'80;
0'00<0+0&&8(0 =00/0/0 0@0;
?0 ,)0/0T0/0&,-(000/
8)),0& 800000?=0
'0<040/8(=0)80(0(8=0/04;
800 +0 00T08(0&8(0/
?0 0 0 *0 ++0 00 ;
0?&)0+0?)0+/?0(0=0;
0/'00(/+00 ;/ ,0/
*0 /'0 /0 &(@?0 0 ( +
&(+=0+=0&'+0=0&?+00+0
0?,0+,00&(,M00/?0+;
0&()
"
&8(0&(@?+0+=00?+
(=0&( (=000&(/+0<0( ;
(0+/
*?)+0 0 ?'0 0 0 0 '?;
0+ 0/0)),)0&00;
'=0 )40 &-0 )0 &0 *0 +0
&0&(/+0 0?00'?0(;
0/00@040/)00+0)/0);
,0&8(=08+0?0( 0 0&(@?
0 008+0&?+000;
'00/'008>0.)0@040& 0(> ;
40&(0/00 0/4+0 +-,
EL:
5652V
/8(8(04=000&'0+400;
0C?'D0/40*80/40/)0+
/)00&04)=00+0/0/+080)4;
0& )0(4/00>0/4+0>8(0&;
(0+=00&(@?(0040/000&
/8,0080&=040'00/+,00',
?44)000)?0+80? ,080/=0'';
,0=0)'0- 8(00 (0/0.)
&&80 0 '0 +),0 &0 >0 0 /)
C+'=0'D00+/8080C&DM0;
+0/0 0+0+80&0@;
0 0 /0 &0 0 480 &(0
/+0 ?000C4000 0&(/+;
0,00+-,0D
>0? 0+0')0&(00&(A0?0&;
(08,0 0/4+=0?+0+8,0(08+
+000&08480480@;
0@0 )0&8 0&80+8+
/0 0&(@?0?+4008+0;
+00+0+>0&8 0&,00(0 )(=0;
/0 @0 )0 )=0 0 0 ?0
)0*?)+00+0)),)0&>80/;
0&(@?8=0 ;/ )0/ =0+/?0;
(002 80'00&(@?(0?, ,)00/;
048(0+=0/0C/00D0*0/;
(0 4)(0 ')0 +40 &80 ?/0 0 0 /+=
?+0 0 /+0 +0 0 +0 0 0 /0 0 +)'
8(0 )(00&(@?(0/)080'=
?, ,-)00/00&048(0 0
.0'00&8(00?+0&)00'008;
/),-(0&>0 0 +80 &(/+0 /')0 /;
00?+0 (00&( (0+/
*?0&(@?(0?00(0+8=0;
=0 800(0&00'=0 )
4=0@0 )0*08(0+> 8(
&(@?(=0 8(0&)(0'0'0?0;
(0800+0 848+0 +0 '+00;
/ +0 +0 =0 , ,-+0 &(,0 0 ',
'0&(=0+0()0 ,0/&00 ;
0/0+0*0/8(0 '0 0 8;
?/000FP<LPQ0&8(=00EP<EKQ0&8(0+ )
? 0 >
* &8(0 &(@?0 ?, )0
++0 0 '+0 0 8(0 &( 8(
?&=0 &0 0 +0 /+0 ?0 .)0 /4/)
')0 0?+8(0&(0&(/+0/
/0 00?&=000/(0 0(
'M0/0?&000&8+08+08;
+0?&)+00/+0'8+0&?)+0*?;
80 /8(0 & 0 /8+=0 +0 ?0 0 ;
>8(0/040? 0+,0&-?/8=0?;
,-0+))08>,-0)+0?+
T!""x
ELK
& 2$'
0')0&?0,/0048(=0(;
?,-))0( +0 +=04+0;/0;
=0000+800+
?&/0<0&'80.)0 0&00{lfGqiik
hqicjqdgcg=04,-)0+-0?00'0'80+,0/
(0 0?++0P=<0++=0/0&8,0>/0&
/0+8050 8004,-0/=0(>0)
?0 +80 0 8+0 +0 0 + 8(0 /(0 (),
4?&00 0P<LP0/0) 00?')0&;
,0&'8
3 +0 ?&/)0 '0 )),)0 (?)8
480<0 +008080=000/0*?+
&'?0048(0+0&80&0C+4/0/D=0+;
@/+=0+=0=00+'0<0(00/00+4/+
/=00& (=0/04/=0+0&0+0;
/4)0+0 0?&/0&'?
0?+0 0&'80 ,0 ?0?80&
-000/8(8(0=04/,040;
40 0 (/0 0 0 )++0 0 0 &8+0 4;
8+=0000&0+)08)=04=0>=004
0 &0 0 -0 80 +=0 >=0 +=0 &8?8=
+8=0/ 00040+)048(=0?;
40&'+0&0 0?&,0/)=0)'8=0;
(=0 8=0 ?(00/0&)0+0 )
0 0 /=0 /0 /U+0 ?&+0 &,/)0 0 ?+;
;0/=0/0/+>0480)0+
) 0 0 3&'80 /0 &)
0/0/0(0/00/40+)'=0 -0E<0/0
&?0 -005/0&80+ ,0&-0/+=
?&=0 /=0 >0 =0 40 0 .
4,)00 ,0&=0 ?/4=0&0 0&0 );
'8=0 0 ? 8(0 (0 +8>'0 0 (=0 ?&80 %40 + )
&&)0 +0 40 &?0 )0 =0 &?0 ;
/+0/=00(?)0(/00?&+00+=
&)+00+8>'(00(0T ,)0 00?=0+;
0?80"(/0+40&80&?=00;
+,-0C+4,-)D=0+,-0C&),-D00&;
&0 T0 &+8(0 0 +0 /0 &?0 ?+40 +;
?80 &0 *0 (/0 (=0 0 0 80
8,04)0(008(000+0';;
0(4/)0*0(0 (0)0&
F0+00 0&?0&'?0 )0( +
*0 ( +0 &'?0 &/,0 ?+)0 ;/;
0=0000+808)0+0&8;
0/M00)40/00+)'0+ )0&&)
/40+)0+0C+D0&,/,)080);
480 4)0 0 0 /0 /8(0 =0 ?+)
8(0(0?+480+=0/=0?8=0/;
8=08=0&8=0&?80C&?80)0/;
0D00/0?,)04)00+8=0+;
-0 0C8=08=0/8D=040!
EL:
5652V
/8(8(04=000&'0+400;
0C?'D0/40*80/40/)0+
/)00&04)=00+0/0/+080)4;
0& )0(4/00>0/4+0>8(0&;
(0+=00&(@?(0040/000&
/8,0080&=040'00/+,00',
?44)000)?0+80? ,080/=0'';
,0=0)'0- 8(00 (0/0.)
&&80 0 '0 +),0 &0 >0 0 /)
C+'=0'D00+/8080C&DM0;
+0/0 0+0+80&0@;
0 0 /0 &0 0 480 &(0
/+0 ?000C4000 0&(/+;
0,00+-,0D
>0? 0+0')0&(00&(A0?0&;
(08,0 0/4+=0?+0+8,0(08+
+000&08480480@;
0@0 )0&8 0&80+8+
/0 0&(@?0?+4008+0;
+00+0+>0&8 0&,00(0 )(=0;
/0 @0 )0 )=0 0 0 ?0
)0*?)+00+0)),)0&>80/;
0&(@?8=0 ;/ )0/ =0+/?0;
(002 80'00&(@?(0?, ,)00/;
048(0+=0/0C/00D0*0/;
(0 4)(0 ')0 +40 &80 ?/0 0 0 /+=
?+0 0 /+0 +0 0 +0 0 0 /0 0 +)'
8(0 )(00&(@?(0/)080'=
?, ,-)00/00&048(0 0
.0'00&8(00?+0&)00'008;
/),-(0&>0 0 +80 &(/+0 /')0 /;
00?+0 (00&( (0+/
*?0&(@?(0?00(0+8=0;
=0 800(0&00'=0 )
4=0@0 )0*08(0+> 8(
&(@?(=0 8(0&)(0'0'0?0;
(0800+0 848+0 +0 '+00;
/ +0 +0 =0 , ,-+0 &(,0 0 ',
'0&(=0+0()0 ,0/&00 ;
0/0+0*0/8(0 '0 0 8;
?/000FP<LPQ0&8(=00EP<EKQ0&8(0+ )
? 0 >
* &8(0 &(@?0 ?, )0
++0 0 '+0 0 8(0 &( 8(
?&=0 &0 0 +0 /+0 ?0 .)0 /4/)
')0 0?+8(0&(0&(/+0/
/0 00?&=000/(0 0(
'M0/0?&000&8+08+08;
+0?&)+00/+0'8+0&?)+0*?;
80 /8(0 & 0 /8+=0 +0 ?0 0 ;
>8(0/040? 0+,0&-?/8=0?;
,-0+))08>,-0)+0?+
T!""x
ELK
& 2$'
0')0&?0,/0048(=0(;
?,-))0( +0 +=04+0;/0;
=0000+800+
?&/0<0&'80.)0 0&00{lfGqiik
hqicjqdgcg=04,-)0+-0?00'0'80+,0/
(0 0?++0P=<0++=0/0&8,0>/0&
/0+8050 8004,-0/=0(>0)
?0 +80 0 8+0 +0 0 + 8(0 /(0 (),
4?&00 0P<LP0/0) 00?')0&;
,0&'8
3 +0 ?&/)0 '0 )),)0 (?)8
480<0 +008080=000/0*?+
&'?0048(0+0&80&0C+4/0/D=0+;
@/+=0+=0=00+'0<0(00/00+4/+
/=00& (=0/04/=0+0&0+0;
/4)0+0 0?&/0&'?
0?+0 0&'80 ,0 ?0?80&
-000/8(8(0=04/,040;
40 0 (/0 0 0 )++0 0 0 &8+0 4;
8+=0000&0+)08)=04=0>=004
0 &0 0 -0 80 +=0 >=0 +=0 &8?8=
+8=0/ 00040+)048(=0?;
40&'+0&0 0?&,0/)=0)'8=0;
(=0 8=0 ?(00/0&)0+0 )
0 0 /=0 /0 /U+0 ?&+0 &,/)0 0 ?+;
;0/=0/0/+>0480)0+
) 0 0 3&'80 /0 &)
0/0/0(0/00/40+)'=0 -0E<0/0
&?0 -005/0&80+ ,0&-0/+=
?&=0 /=0 >0 =0 40 0 .
4,)00 ,0&=0 ?/4=0&0 0&0 );
'8=0 0 ? 8(0 (0 +8>'0 0 (=0 ?&80 %40 + )
&&)0 +0 40 &?0 )0 =0 &?0 ;
/+0/=00(?)0(/00?&+00+=
&)+00+8>'(00(0T ,)0 00?=0+;
0?80"(/0+40&80&?=00;
+,-0C+4,-)D=0+,-0C&),-D00&;
&0 T0 &+8(0 0 +0 /0 &?0 ?+40 +;
?80 &0 *0 (/0 (=0 0 0 80
8,04)0(008(000+0';;
0(4/)0*0(0 (0)0&
F0+00 0&?0&'?0 )0( +
*0 ( +0 &'?0 &/,0 ?+)0 ;/;
0=0000+808)0+0&8;
0/M00)40/00+)'0+ )0&&)
/40+)0+0C+D0&,/,)080);
480 4)0 0 0 /0 /8(0 =0 ?+)
8(0(0?+480+=0/=0?8=0/;
8=08=0&8=0&?80C&?80)0/;
0D00/0?,)04)00+8=0+;
-0 0C8=08=0/8D=040!
ELF
T!""x
C+=0@'=0(/00/D060 0
0?0T0+4 0/0(=0@//+=004-0<0=
=0+@/+0+0 0(/>0 0&?=
&)0 0 +=0 ?>))0 ?0 E=K<0 /0 0
&?=0 -00+=0&04/)0?/8+05/
00@+0/0&,/,)04/+80/800+4/)
N0?,0&)00'/80&?
*0 0 ?8++0 +0 &'?0 8)),)0
+ (0?=0&8480?+)0;/
=0'8000+80T0(0&;
8(0&4,)0480'00&'?
T0 0&8(00()0'0'0(),)
0 80))A08=0?8=0?8=0/?=
+80>)
.? 8)0 0 /8(0 @/+ 0 +?
C)=000&8+048+D=0 000;
?(0&8(0/00/00+);
,0 0'=00 0',00.)0+8(0&;
/0 ?)0 )0 ')0 6//0 *+))
40 0 ')0 )?8)0 ++=0 ')0 ')=
')00+,'=0/00=0+/
++,''=0')0+&00/
90?)04)0 )0/ )0&
,=0,0)00&'+0*&0 )040
+0 040?++0=K0+00&
" 08(0?,00+0/000&;
)(0 ( 0 &'?0 C0 0 )0 '=
(/D0+),0&0'0)/00 0<
F0 /0 0 &0 0 0 :0 /0 0 40 +'
? ,0++ 0/0C&?&,-=0;
8D0*0 (0?0 0&'?0?80?;
0 '/8=0 ;0 0 *&>
/40/+0&,/,00 00
* ? 0N-008?/0"00&';
?0 00+ )0*?00>0/&00;
40;/00+40&80&)8+
* 0 ?0 +0 8(=0 +/';
(00(?)8(0+)0+ 08)),048(=
&8(0&'?+080480/40?&,000?8;
+8(0 8(0 &)(0 0 0 &8 8(0 0 '0 & 0 /)0 0 ;
/,-+0/+0/?'0+-0&0EPQ0+0(;
0?0980&8(048(0?,00/,00&&;
0 ?00+0?)0?&0&000 +0 ?00+0
&00000&+0*084/+0&0
0?-800+)0?,000+0*+00/8
=0&0&'?+=0 /400?)(0 % 80 /8
0&'?8(0(?)(0)0?0/0+ 0&&;
0+0)0&8?08/4)00+=0/80880<00+
*00&'?8(0(?)(0/40&80& 0';
/4/0C=0+&?=00&D=0,00&80/?;
',0*/00&+8(04-00&00&'?8(
#95X0237
ELL
(?)(00/,0"'=0&,-(00 (0&'?=04/
?0E<0+0/0 0+00CD00,04
(040'
FH"
,.
0<0')0&?0?080> 8(0;
'=0(?,-))0)?8+04+0+ 0;
00>=0' +0 +=0&+=0+++0;
'=08,004
?&/0<0kihedqiik0jsobc=0+')0/4)0 ;
/)0&)00&>+0 +04004,-0/
C/=0 D0&0&,>00+0())0/0(
+)'008(0/(=0+0+=0=0+)+0;
>=0+&80&80?+4)050(>0)0?0+;
8=00&80&,00) 00/0?/+0/?;
',-(0/
3 +0?&/)0'0 )),)0&0 00&;
08/0?&/)0?0?+0&0 )
0/0/0&'0/00(/00 00&;
?=0040/000/08?/)00)/0 08/;
0 ?&/)0 /4)0 0 0 +0 0 0 &;
?0C0D=00/00,04?0C( 0;
D06 00&0@/+ 08=0@+
(00/,00&00/))(0-0+8>=0&;
-0)=00/(0 4/)(0?&/0/00;
4,-,0/00)+0 0 + 0 40 0(/
0&0/800-8(0/=0?)?8(04)+=
/4-+0?&/0&,>0=0040 ?0?)?80;
00/ 0?&/0 ,0+(
&>)0?&+0(/)00000+)'8=
0+40&,/)00 00/
)003&'80/0/4;
)000/0K0/=0 -0EP<E:0/0?0 )0&8 0;
=0()0/0+ )00 0*0+0?
+/08>)0+0=0)00:<L;+0/,0/08;
(0'=0)),)0&=0/+=0)0&=0&;
'=0 4)0 0 2+0 /4)0 0 8(0 '(0 <
/M0 400(/0+/=00&>+0&)+0+4/
00 0+0T4008(0/0&?0+ ,)
&/00(0400B<O;0/0&?0040/004
0)))0??)080<080)8>0/++0/
<0++=0 ?,-00/080&8 0&)=0/;
4)0<K0/=00)4+0 0+40&80+ 0*;
)0 8(0 @+0 80 ?+40 0 0 0 (/
/00/400+0+00$?80-=00;
+0?&=0&40&8+0+=0)00 0 80/
?0> 040?/=000/?/>0&0+ )
=0+)000?+00'0E;0/0&?0&8 ;
0-8,)0 80?00 008(0/0&;
? +40 &80 >=0 0 (0 >,)0 (=0 0 /
48 (800?0&?0 0000+8A
+ )0)0&//)0C+=00j0O<:P R0
BP<OP0/00E0+D03/08)))0/)00C/(8
ELF
T!""x
C+=0@'=0(/00/D060 0
0?0T0+4 0/0(=0@//+=004-0<0=
=0+@/+0+0 0(/>0 0&?=
&)0 0 +=0 ?>))0 ?0 E=K<0 /0 0
&?=0 -00+=0&04/)0?/8+05/
00@+0/0&,/,)04/+80/800+4/)
N0?,0&)00'/80&?
*0 0 ?8++0 +0 &'?0 8)),)0
+ (0?=0&8480?+)0;/
=0'8000+80T0(0&;
8(0&4,)0480'00&'?
T0 0&8(00()0'0'0(),)
0 80))A08=0?8=0?8=0/?=
+80>)
.? 8)0 0 /8(0 @/+ 0 +?
C)=000&8+048+D=0 000;
?(0&8(0/00/00+);
,0 0'=00 0',00.)0+8(0&;
/0 ?)0 )0 ')0 6//0 *+))
40 0 ')0 )?8)0 ++=0 ')0 ')=
')00+,'=0/00=0+/
++,''=0')0+&00/
90?)04)0 )0/ )0&
,=0,0)00&'+0*&0 )040
+0 040?++0=K0+00&
" 08(0?,00+0/000&;
)(0 ( 0 &'?0 C0 0 )0 '=
(/D0+),0&0'0)/00 0<
F0 /0 0 &0 0 0 :0 /0 0 40 +'
? ,0++ 0/0C&?&,-=0;
8D0*0 (0?0 0&'?0?80?;
0 '/8=0 ;0 0 *&>
/40/+0&,/,00 00
* ? 0N-008?/0"00&';
?0 00+ )0*?00>0/&00;
40;/00+40&80&)8+
* 0 ?0 +0 8(=0 +/';
(00(?)8(0+)0+ 08)),048(=
&8(0&'?+080480/40?&,000?8;
+8(0 8(0 &)(0 0 0 &8 8(0 0 '0 & 0 /)0 0 ;
/,-+0/+0/?'0+-0&0EPQ0+0(;
0?0980&8(048(0?,00/,00&&;
0 ?00+0?)0?&0&000 +0 ?00+0
&00000&+0*084/+0&0
0?-800+)0?,000+0*+00/8
=0&0&'?+=0 /400?)(0 % 80 /8
0&'?8(0(?)(0)0?0/0+ 0&&;
0+0)0&8?08/4)00+=0/80880<00+
*00&'?8(0(?)(0/40&80& 0';
/4/0C=0+&?=00&D=0,00&80/?;
',0*/00&+8(04-00&00&'?8(
#95X0237
ELL
(?)(00/,0"'=0&,-(00 (0&'?=04/
?0E<0+0/0 0+00CD00,04
(040'
FH"
,.
0<0')0&?0?080> 8(0;
'=0(?,-))0)?8+04+0+ 0;
00>=0' +0 +=0&+=0+++0;
'=08,004
?&/0<0kihedqiik0jsobc=0+')0/4)0 ;
/)0&)00&>+0 +04004,-0/
C/=0 D0&0&,>00+0())0/0(
+)'008(0/(=0+0+=0=0+)+0;
>=0+&80&80?+4)050(>0)0?0+;
8=00&80&,00) 00/0?/+0/?;
',-(0/
3 +0?&/)0'0 )),)0&0 00&;
08/0?&/)0?0?+0&0 )
0/0/0&'0/00(/00 00&;
?=0040/000/08?/)00)/0 08/;
0 ?&/)0 /4)0 0 0 +0 0 0 &;
?0C0D=00/00,04?0C( 0;
D06 00&0@/+ 08=0@+
(00/,00&00/))(0-0+8>=0&;
-0)=00/(0 4/)(0?&/0/00;
4,-,0/00)+0 0 + 0 40 0(/
0&0/800-8(0/=0?)?8(04)+=
/4-+0?&/0&,>0=0040 ?0?)?80;
00/ 0?&/0 ,0+(
&>)0?&+0(/)00000+)'8=
0+40&,/)00 00/
)003&'80/0/4;
)000/0K0/=0 -0EP<E:0/0?0 )0&8 0;
=0()0/0+ )00 0*0+0?
+/08>)0+0=0)00:<L;+0/,0/08;
(0'=0)),)0&=0/+=0)0&=0&;
'=0 4)0 0 2+0 /4)0 0 8(0 '(0 <
/M0 400(/0+/=00&>+0&)+0+4/
00 0+0T4008(0/0&?0+ ,)
&/00(0400B<O;0/0&?0040/004
0)))0??)080<080)8>0/++0/
<0++=0 ?,-00/080&8 0&)=0/;
4)0<K0/=00)4+0 0+40&80+ 0*;
)0 8(0 @+0 80 ?+40 0 0 0 (/
/00/400+0+00$?80-=00;
+0?&=0&40&8+0+=0)00 0 80/
?0> 040?/=000/?/>0&0+ )
=0+)000?+00'0E;0/0&?0&8 ;
0-8,)0 80?00 008(0/0&;
? +40 &80 >=0 0 (0 >,)0 (=0 0 /
48 (800?0&?0 0000+8A
+ )0)0&//)0C+=00j0O<:P R0
BP<OP0/00E0+D03/08)))0/)00C/(8
ELB
#95X0237
D0280/'0(=0.0400?0&?00++8
,=0&80?+48=0?+40&/
0/+0+80&-0)0&0&8 0 >;
)03/000 ,-)08?/)0C40+;
8=0+>00&=0 >000D008>;
)0 +=0 (/>)0 + =0 )0 )0 &=
+ 0&'=0)),)0?800&0&?=0
&(/+0 000'/0'/8=0(?,-)0;
+0 (0 ++0 &,>0 =0 ?,0 0 (
/00/=00)408(0())0+)0+;
0 50 ,0 &8 0 0 0 0 *?+0 ?+4
'/0+040&&)0+=0(/)=0;
0@?000C@?)D=0 )0?0';
/80 ,0 -0 0 >0 4+=0 ( 0 +=0 ;
>)(00/=00+0&
,>00+400&0C 0 =000&8;
8+0/+0+800 ?+0/(0++D00
C+)0840++0'=0+0 )D
&0 ?8+0 4)+0 )),)0 > 0
')0>=080&,/,)0&8 00<;0/0&;
?0*0 0&0&/=0 80'0?),)=0 ;
/0.=0?0(/)=00&,0/&?80/
C+D0*0&/00>0&804,)00&00;
0/?/>0&0.0&80)),)00);
40 +8>'0 4=0 ?+0 ++0 ?/4)0 &,>8=0 ,
?0'=0/,-00?,-+)0
%0 40 &,/)0 0 4)=0 0 +)=0 4=
=0+&&=0=0'=0('=0+/=0+00/
.?,000 080&?;
=0/8(0@/+ 0+?0C00&8+00&;
)+=0&0&??40/8D00?0&;
8(0/0 0 0 &,/,)0)0 0 )/;
8+0/+=0)=080+'?=0@?)
+8+0+00&0 8+0/4/+0/?0)))
8/0?&/0?00C+D0.)0@0?0
80&0K<EP0+0008,000KP<EPP0+04 0&
0/0/8=0/4-04 =00),00&,05
,0 ?0:<K0/05&)?0/)0& 0;
/)000+ =000'0//0/4+;
0 0 /)0 80 0 )),)0 +;
8+0+/+0/0N-0+))0')0)+0;
+,'0CD00@'8+0/++05=000vc=
)0&804=0 )00:<K;0/)0&?0.;
+0+0 )0EAEFP008>
" 0 ?')0 &)?05/+0?0 8(0 ;
0 8?/)0 &0 )))0 (>0 (/0 0 0 8(
F<L0 /0 0 )0 +0 +80 &0 /4
&,/00804+=0?+0+0?>,0/00;
0000EP<E;0/)0<0(/0? ,0,0/0;
0 0 )+,=0 8-,0 ++=0 8;
,0 -0 C&=0 +)80 /=0 =0 =0 4/0 >=
+0>=0=0 80)&000/D
#95X0237
ELO
%/+?0 0, 0&808A0;
+'=0+'=0&0.)0/-)0'/00&;
0 0 +0 0 &+0 +40 /0 ;
',0 0 ',0 /?'0 0 /)0 ? 8
4/A0808=0+/?=0,00/0*0;
?)+0+),0/ ;/80080/=0'&;
?0 ?0 =0 &0 8=0 0 40 +
80
88,0?0'0'=0>(0&,>0=00;
0 08?/)=0000;0/)00++0;
)0+0+80C0 )0&+D
*?
0 4+0 &,>+0 0 &)8
0?)04=0&00'0>00?;
0=0?0+40&80&)8+
* 0 50 0 &,>0 0 ));
,)0; 0+))A0&0;
8(0=0&40)0/& 0/=0?/0;
'0+80/)0008(00
0 &=0 &,/0 8(0 0 /?)=0 ?;
/=000?'0-8(0/=0&&00+;
(+0 0 0 0 C&,/0 0 0 8=
+80-=000)/0&??40/00/D00;
+0++0)040+/'00?0&+0;
-0+8>00&-0)=0040?0;
8+00+0'+0C&0//8(0'=0/)0+;
+0&4)=0 &; (0 4/00/D
T0'=0,-(00&00@0/))0C 4/)D=0;
/)0/0& 0/0=0040;
/)08000+-,00*04+0?
& 0/)0?0?')00',08);
)0(00*04+0?0 ;
(0 '0 /)0 )0 & 0 /
00+ 000 0'0?0-0/0;
/04
8?/>(0 88,0 ?0 '0 0 (+0 ';
+0?0& 0/)000+ 00/;
+0 '+0 ?0 0 //0 /4+
0&>0080?0&'80/40/;
+&,/,00 00+=00+)004+) 0;
-)) /0& 0/000+
0:;+ +)'0/)0& 0/0//0;
/4+00)000 00+0&>+0/)
++,0<0E ?00/,00 0E;0+000/,-+004
E0?000/00 08>)0+800(/>)0&-
))0C>0=0)0&=00&D0/)
&-0?000& 0/0=0+ =0;
008)0?8(0&00 0 )0';
8(0 ?0 0 (0 /)(0 '0 +40 &8
)00/0&,/)
'000&,>00?0 0&;
0 -8(0 /)0 0 '=0 0 +0 8(=0 0 /,
ELB
#95X0237
D0280/'0(=0.0400?0&?00++8
,=0&80?+48=0?+40&/
0/+0+80&-0)0&0&8 0 >;
)03/000 ,-)08?/)0C40+;
8=0+>00&=0 >000D008>;
)0 +=0 (/>)0 + =0 )0 )0 &=
+ 0&'=0)),)0?800&0&?=0
&(/+0 000'/0'/8=0(?,-)0;
+0 (0 ++0 &,>0 =0 ?,0 0 (
/00/=00)408(0())0+)0+;
0 50 ,0 &8 0 0 0 0 *?+0 ?+4
'/0+040&&)0+=0(/)=0;
0@?000C@?)D=0 )0?0';
/80 ,0 -0 0 >0 4+=0 ( 0 +=0 ;
>)(00/=00+0&
,>00+400&0C 0 =000&8;
8+0/+0+800 ?+0/(0++D00
C+)0840++0'=0+0 )D
&0 ?8+0 4)+0 )),)0 > 0
')0>=080&,/,)0&8 00<;0/0&;
?0*0 0&0&/=0 80'0?),)=0 ;
/0.=0?0(/)=00&,0/&?80/
C+D0*0&/00>0&804,)00&00;
0/?/>0&0.0&80)),)00);
40 +8>'0 4=0 ?+0 ++0 ?/4)0 &,>8=0 ,
?0'=0/,-00?,-+)0
%0 40 &,/)0 0 4)=0 0 +)=0 4=
=0+&&=0=0'=0('=0+/=0+00/
.?,000 080&?;
=0/8(0@/+ 0+?0C00&8+00&;
)+=0&0&??40/8D00?0&;
8(0/0 0 0 &,/,)0)0 0 )/;
8+0/+=0)=080+'?=0@?)
+8+0+00&0 8+0/4/+0/?0)))
8/0?&/0?00C+D0.)0@0?0
80&0K<EP0+0008,000KP<EPP0+04 0&
0/0/8=0/4-04 =00),00&,05
,0 ?0:<K0/05&)?0/)0& 0;
/)000+ =000'0//0/4+;
0 0 /)0 80 0 )),)0 +;
8+0+/+0/0N-0+))0')0)+0;
+,'0CD00@'8+0/++05=000vc=
)0&804=0 )00:<K;0/)0&?0.;
+0+0 )0EAEFP008>
" 0 ?')0 &)?05/+0?0 8(0 ;
0 8?/)0 &0 )))0 (>0 (/0 0 0 8(
F<L0 /0 0 )0 +0 +80 &0 /4
&,/00804+=0?+0+0?>,0/00;
0000EP<E;0/)0<0(/0? ,0,0/0;
0 0 )+,=0 8-,0 ++=0 8;
,0 -0 C&=0 +)80 /=0 =0 =0 4/0 >=
+0>=0=0 80)&000/D
#95X0237
ELO
%/+?0 0, 0&808A0;
+'=0+'=0&0.)0/-)0'/00&;
0 0 +0 0 &+0 +40 /0 ;
',0 0 ',0 /?'0 0 /)0 ? 8
4/A0808=0+/?=0,00/0*0;
?)+0+),0/ ;/80080/=0'&;
?0 ?0 =0 &0 8=0 0 40 +
80
88,0?0'0'=0>(0&,>0=00;
0 08?/)=0000;0/)00++0;
)0+0+80C0 )0&+D
*?
0 4+0 &,>+0 0 &)8
0?)04=0&00'0>00?;
0=0?0+40&80&)8+
* 0 50 0 &,>0 0 ));
,)0; 0+))A0&0;
8(0=0&40)0/& 0/=0?/0;
'0+80/)0008(00
0 &=0 &,/0 8(0 0 /?)=0 ?;
/=000?'0-8(0/=0&&00+;
(+0 0 0 0 C&,/0 0 0 8=
+80-=000)/0&??40/00/D00;
+0++0)040+/'00?0&+0;
-0+8>00&-0)=0040?0;
8+00+0'+0C&0//8(0'=0/)0+;
+0&4)=0 &; (0 4/00/D
T0'=0,-(00&00@0/))0C 4/)D=0;
/)0/0& 0/0=0040;
/)08000+-,00*04+0?
& 0/)0?0?')00',08);
)0(00*04+0?0 ;
(0 '0 /)0 )0 & 0 /
00+ 000 0'0?0-0/0;
/04
8?/>(0 88,0 ?0 '0 0 (+0 ';
+0?0& 0/)000+ 00/;
+0 '+0 ?0 0 //0 /4+
0&>0080?0&'80/40/;
+&,/,00 00+=00+)004+) 0;
-)) /0& 0/000+
0:;+ +)'0/)0& 0/0//0;
/4+00)000 00+0&>+0/)
++,0<0E ?00/,00 0E;0+000/,-+004
E0?000/00 08>)0+800(/>)0&-
))0C>0=0)0&=00&D0/)
&-0?000& 0/0=0+ =0;
008)0?8(0&00 0 )0';
8(0 ?0 0 (0 /)(0 '0 +40 &8
)00/0&,/)
'000&,>00?0 0&;
0 -8(0 /)0 0 '=0 0 +0 8(=0 0 /,
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