Adelaar Willem, Muysken Pieter. The languages of the Andes
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614 Appendix
Pijao: Colombia (Tolima); strong Cariban influence, but language probably not
Cariban.
Cayuvava: isolate. Bolivia (Beni): 2 semi-speakers in group of 800 (field data Crevels).
Chacha: unclassified. Peru (Amazonas, possibly also in La Libertad and San Mart´ın);
extinct.
Chapacuran: language family; one language in Bolivia.
Mor´e or Itenez: Bolivia (Beni): 76 s., including 21 active speakers (field data Angenot
de Lima).
Extinct languages that belonged or may have belonged to this family:
Chapacura or Huachi: Bolivia (Santa Cruz).
Herisebocona: Bolivia (Santa Cruz).
Kitemoca: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); possible speakers left.
Napeca: Bolivia (Santa Cruz).
Rocorona: Bolivia (Santa Cruz).
Charr´uan: language family (languages: Chan´a, Charr´ua, Guenoa or Minuane):
Argentina (Entre R´ıos); Uruguay; all extinct; possibly related to Guaicuruan.
Other extinct ethnic groups of Entre R´ıos and Santa Fe (Argentina) that may
have been associated with this language family: Carcara˜n´a, Colastin´e, Corond´a,
Mbegu´a, Mepene, Quiloaz´a, Timb´u.
Chibchan: language family; more languages in Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua and
Panama.
Bar´ı or Dobocubi or Motilones bravos: Colombia (Cesar, Norte de Santander):
3,530 s.; Venezuela (Zulia): 1,500 s.
Chimila or Ette taara: Colombia (Magdalena): 900 s.
Cuna or Tule: Colombia (Antioquia, Choc´o): 1,166 s.; more in Panama.
Damana or Arsario or Guamaca or Malayo or Marocasero or Sanj´a or Wiwa:
Colombia (Cesar): 1,850 s.
Ika or Arhuaco or B´ıntukua: Colombia (Cesar, Magdalena): 14,300 s.
Kogui or K´aggaba: Colombia (Magdalena): 9,765 s.
Uw Cuwa or Tunebo: Colombia (Arauca, Boyac´a, Norte de Santander, Santander):
7,000 s.; Venezuela (Apure): some.
Extinct languages belonging to this family:
Cat´ıo Chibcha: Colombia (Antioquia).
Duit: Colombia (Boyac´a).
Kanku´ı or Kankuamo or At´anquez: Colombia (Cesar).
Muisca: Colombia (Cundinamarca, Distrito Capital).
Nutabe: Colombia (Antioquia).
Chiquitano or Bes-iro: isolate. Bolivia (Santa Cruz): 5,855 s. in ethnic group of c. 47,000;
varieties: Churapa, Sansimoniano, Ta o.
Inventory of Andean languages and language families 615
Chocoan: language family; two languages.
Ember´a or Cat´ıo or Cham´ı or Saija: Colombia (Antioquia, Caldas, Cauca, Choc´o,
C´ordoba, Risaralda): 71,400 s.; Ecuador: 60 s.; more in Panama.
Waunana or Wounaan or Noanama: Colombia (Choc´o, Valle del Cauca): 7,960 s.
Chon: language family with one surviving language.
Tehuelche or Aonek’enk:Argentina (Santa Cruz): 4 s.
Extinct languages belonging to this family:
G¨un¨una Yajich or Puelche:Argentina (Chubut, R´ıo Negro).
Haush:Argentina (Tierra del Fuego).
Selk
nam or Ona:Argentina (Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Magallanes).
Tehues or Teushen:Argentina (Chubut, Santa Cruz).
Extinct language that possibly belonged to this family:
Querand´ı:Argentina (Buenos Aires, La Pampa).
Other language names associated with this group: Chechehet, Divihet, Het, Hongote,
Taluhet, etc.
Chono: unclassified. Chile (Ais´en); extinct; affiliation with Kawesqar suggested.
Cof´an or A’inga´e: isolate. Ecuador (Sucumb´ıos): 800 s.; Colombia (Nari˜no, Putumayo):
1,457 s.
Comeching´on: unclassified. Argentina (C´ordoba); extinct; possibly a cluster of lan-
guages, rather than a single one; subgroups: Camiare, Henia;affiliation with
Huarpean suggested.
Copall´en: unclassified. Peru (Amazonas); extinct.
Cueva: unclassified language of eastern Panama; extinct.
Culli: unclassified. Peru (Ancash, Cajamarca, La Libertad); presumably extinct.
Diaguita or Kak´an: unclassified language or language family. Argentina (Catamarca, La
Rioja, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Tucum´an); Chile (Atacama, Coquimbo). Many
subgroups (Calchaqu´ı, Capay´an, Hualf´ın, Pular, Quilme, Tolomb´on, Yacampis,
etc.); extinct; extent of internal diversification unknown.
Esmeralde˜no or Atacame: isolate. Ecuador (Esmeraldas); extinct.
Guahiboan: language family, four languages.
Cuiba: Colombia (Arauca): 2,275 s.; some in Venezuela (Apure).
Guayabero: Colombia (Meta, Guaviare): 1,060 s.
Hitn¨u or Macaguane: Colombia (Arauca): 542 s.
Sikuani or Guahibo or Hiwi (includes Amor´ua, Chiricoa, Masiguare and Tsiripu):
Colombia. (Arauca, Casanare, Guain´ıa, Meta, Vichada): 21,410 s.; Venezuela
(Amazonas, Apure): 9,220 s.
Guaicuruan: language family, three languages (and one in Brazil: Kadiw´eu).
Mocov´ı:Argentina (Chaco, Santa Fe): 3,000–5,000 s.
Pilag´a:Argentina (Formosa): 2,000–5,000 s.
616 Appendix
Toba:Argentina (Chaco, Formosa, Salta, Santa Fe) 36,000–60,000 s.; Paraguay (Pres-
idente Hayes, San Pedro): 755 s. (Emok–Toba or Toba Qom).
Extinct languages belonging to this family:
Abip´on:Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Santa Fe).
Mbay´a:Argentina (Chaco).
Payagu´a:Paraguay (on the Paraguay river).
Guamo: language family. Venezuela (Apure, Barinas, Gu´arico, Portuguesa); all extinct.
Harakmbut or Hate: Language with some internal variety, located in Peru (Cuzco, Madre
de Dios): 800–1,600 s.; several subgroups: Amarakaeri, Arasairi, Huachipairi,
Kisamberi, Pukieri, Sapiteri, Toy(o)eri or Tuyuneiri;ithas been linked to the
Katukinan family in Brazil (Adelaar 2000); further connections with Macro-Ge
and Tupi possible.
Hibito-Chol´on: language family, two languages both probably extinct; the name
‘Cholona’, from Spanish la lengua cholona (Loukotka 1968), is in error.
Chol´on or Seepts´a:Peru (San Mart´ın).
Hibito:Peru (San Martin).
Huancavilca: unclassified. Ecuador (Guayas); extinct; it may have included the language
of the island Pun´a.
Huarpean: language family; all extinct.
Allentiac:Argentina (San Juan, San Luis).
Millcayac:Argentina (Mendoza).
Huaorani or Huao or Auca or Auishiri or Sabela: isolate. Ecuador (Napo, Pastaza):
1,200 s.
Humahuaca: unclassified language or language family. Argentina (Jujuy); all extinct;
subgroups: Fiscara, Humahuaca, Jujuy, Ocloya, Osa, Purmamarca, Tiliar; pos-
sible overlap with Atacame˜no influence sphere.
Itonama: isolate. Bolivia (Beni): less than 10 aged speakers in an ethnic group of 5,000
(field data Crevels).
Jirajaran: language family; all extinct.
Ayam´an or Ayom´an:Venezuela (Lara).
Gay´on:Venezuela (Lara).
Jirajara:Venezuela (Lara).
Jivaroan: Language family, four languages.
Aguaruna or Awahun or Aents:Peru (Amazonas, Cajamarca, San Mart´ın): 34,000–
45,000 s.
Achuar (including Shiwyar)orAents: Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe): 4,000 s.; Peru
(Loreto): 2,800–4,700 s.
Huambisa:Peru (Amazonas, Loreto): 4,000–8,000 s.
Inventory of Andean languages and language families 617
Shuar: Ecuador (Zamora–Chinchipe, Morona-Santiago): 35,000 s.; Peru (Loreto): a
few.
Extinct languages associated with this family:
Malacato: Ecuador (Loja).
Palta: Ecuador (Loja).
Xoroca: Ecuador (Zamora–Chinchipe).
Kams´a or Sibundoy or Coche: isolate. Colombia (Putumayo): 4,022 s.
Kawesqar or Alacaluf or Aksan´as: isolate. Chile (Magallanes): less than 20 s.
Leco or Rik’a or Buruwa: isolate. Bolivia (La Paz): c. 50 speakers living in dispersed
locations (field data van de Kerke).
Lengua–Mascoy: language family, five closely related languages.
Angait´e:Paraguay (Boquer´on, Concepci´on, Presidente Hayes): 971 s.
Guan´a:Paraguay (Concepci´on, Presidente Hayes): 24 s.
Lengua (or Enxet): Paraguay (Boquer´on, Presidente Hayes): 9,387 s.
Sanapan´a:Paraguay (Presidente Hayes): 789 s.
Toba Mascoy:Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Boquer´on, Concepci´on, Presidente Hayes):
1,312 s.
Lule–Vilela: language family with one surviving language.
Vilela:Argentina (Chaco, Santa Fe): possibly a few speakers left; community merged
with Mocov´ı and Toba.
Extinct languages belonging to this family:
Lule:Argentina (Salta, Santiago del Estero, Tucum´an).
Tonocot´e:Argentina (Santiago del Estero, Tucum´an); may be related to Lule, or
independent; no data.
Mac´u–Puinave: language family, three languages; more in Brazil.
Yuhup–Hupd´a: Colombia (Vaup´es): 363 s.; more in Brazil.
Kaku´a-Nukak (Nukak is Mac´u del Guaviare): Colombia (Guaviare, Vaup´es): 525 s.;
more in Brazil.
Puinave: Colombia (Guain´ıa, Vichada): 5,380 s.; Venezuela (Amazonas): 774 s.
Macro-Ge:Widely extended language phylum with a few representatives in the pre-
Andean region.
Bororo family:
Bororo: Bolivia (Santa Cruz): 4 s.; migrants from Brazil; more in Brazil.
Otuque (includes Covareca and Curuminaca): Bolivia (Santa Cruz): extinct.
Ge family (Kaingang subgroup):
Guayana:Argentina (Misiones): extinct.
Ingain:Argentina (Misiones): extinct.
Guat´o: Isolate. A few in Brazil near the border with Bolivia (Santa Cruz).
618 Appendix
Matacoan: language family, four languages.
Chulup´ı or Ashlushlay or Nivacl´e:Argentina: 200–1,200 s.; Paraguay (Boquer´on,
Presidente Hayes): 7,780 s.
Chorote or Manjui or Yofuaha:Argentina (Salta): 1,200–2,100 s; Paraguay (Bo-
quer´on): 208 s.
Mak´a:Paraguay (Alto Paran´a, Asunci´on, Caaguaz´u, Central, Concepci´on, Itap´ua,
Presidente Hayes): 990 s.
Mataco or Wich´ı or Weenhayek (varieties: Guisnay, Noct´en, Vejoz): Argentina (Chaco,
Formosa, Salta): 35,000–60,000 s.; Bolivia (Tarija): 1,800 s.
Mochica or Muchik or Yunga: isolate. Peru (La Libertad, Lambayeque); presumably
extinct.
Mosetenan: language family, two closely related languages.
Chimane or Tsimane: Bolivia (Beni): 4,000–8,000 s. (Sakel 2003).
Moset´en: Bolivia (La Paz): 750–800 s. (Sakel 2003).
Movima: isolate. Bolivia (Beni): 1452 s.
Munichi or Otanabe: isolate. Peru (Loreto): 3 s. (in 1988).
Omurana or Mayna: isolate. Peru (Loreto): extinct.
Otomaco or Taparita: language family. Venezuela (Apure): extinct.
P´aez or Nasa Yuwe: isolate (with variety Paniquit´a). Colombia (Cauca, Huila): at least
40,000 s. within ethnic group of 119,000.
Pano–Tacana: language family consisting of two distinct branches.
Panoan:
Amahuaca:Peru (Madre de Dios, Ucayali): 247 s.; more in Brazil.
Capanahua:Peru (Loreto): 120 to 267 s.
Cashibo–Cacataibo or Uni:Peru(Hu´anuco, Ucayali): 1,500–1,800 s.
Cashinahua or Junikuin:Peru (Ucayali): 900–1,000 s.; more in Brazil.
Ch´acobo or No
iria: Bolivia (Beni): 550 s.
Isconahua:Peru (Ucayali): 50 s.
Marubo:Peru (Loreto); now only in Brazil.
Mayo–Pisabo:Peru (Loreto): 100 s.
Mayoruna–Mats´es:Peru (Loreto): 1,177–2,500 s.; more in Brazil.
Nahua or Yora or Parquenahua:Peru (Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali): c. 170 s.;
uncontacted groups associated with the Nahua: Chandinahua (300), Chiton-
ahua (50), Maxonahua or Cujare˜no (100), Morunahua (100); closely related to
Yaminahua.
Pacaguara: Bolivia (Beni): 9–18 s.
Sharanahua or Onicoin:Peru (Ucayali): 450–500 s.; associated groups: Marinahua
(50–150), Mastanahua (150); more in Brazil.
Inventory of Andean languages and language families 619
Shipibo–Conibo (includes extinct Shetebo): Peru (Loreto, Ucayali): 16,000–
27,000 s.
Yaminahua: Bolivia (Pando): 137 s.; Peru (Ucayali): 380–1000 s.; more in Brazil.
Extinct languages belonging to this subfamily:
Arazaire:Peru (Cuzco); the name seems to coincide with Arasairi, one of the
neighbouring Harakmbut groups.
Atsahuaca or Chaspa:Peru (Madre de Dios).
Nocam´an:Peru (Ucayali).
P´anobo or Huariapana:Peru (Loreto).
Remo:Peru (Loreto); also in Brazil (Amazonas).
Sensi:Peru (Loreto).
Yamiaca or Ha˜au˜neiri:Peru (Madre de Dios).
Tacanan:
Araona: Bolivia (La Paz): 81 s.
Cavine˜na: Bolivia (Beni, Pando): 1,180 s.
Ese
ejja or Chama or Huarayo: Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Pando): 225 s.; Peru (Madre
de Dios): 500–600 s.
Reyesano: Bolivia (Beni): possibly a few elderly speakers within ethnic group of
4,000.
Tacana: Bolivia (La Paz): 1,820 s.
Toromona: Bolivia (La Paz): 25–200 s.
Panzaleo: unclassified. Ecuador (Cotopaxi, Pichincha, Tungurahua): extinct.
Puquinan: language family with only one surviving member.
Callahuaya: Boliva (La Paz); professional language predominantly based on Puquinan
lexicon, only used as a second language; a few users.
Extinct language:
Puquina: Bolivia (La Paz); Peru (Arequipa, Cuzco, Moquegua, Puno, Tacna); Coli
may have been the name of the coastal variety of Puquina formerly spoken in
Moquegua and Tacna.
Quechuan: language family with an undetermined number of local varieties usually
referred to as dialects.
Quechua I:Peru (Ancash, Huancavelica, Ica, Hu´anuco, Jun´ın, La Libertad, Lima,
Pasco): 750,000 s.
Quechua II:Argentina (Jujuy, Santiago del Estero; formerly also Catamarca
and La Rioja): 70,000–130,000 s.; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro,
Potos´ı, Santa Cruz, Sucre, Tarija): 2,400,000 s.; Chile (Antofagasta): a few;
Colombia (Caquet´a, Nari˜no, Putumayo; formerly also Cauca and Huila):
17,855 s.; Ecuador (Azuay, Bol´ıvar, Ca˜nar, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Imbabura,
620 Appendix
Loja, Morona–Santiago, Napo, Pastaza, Pichincha, Sucumb´ıos, Tungurahua):
1,400,000–2,000,000 s.; Peru (Amazonas, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho,
Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios,
Moquegua, Piura, Puno, San Mart´ın): 2,675,000 s.
Quingnam: unclassified. Peru (Ancash, La Libertad): extinct; possibly identical with the
Lengua (Yunga) Pescadora mentioned in colonial documents.
Sacata: unclassified. Peru (Cajamarca): extinct.
Saliban: language family, two languages.
Piaroa or Dearuwa or Woth¨uha: Colombia (Vichada): 800 s.; Venezuela (Amazonas):
9,000–11,000 s.
S´aliba: Colombia (Arauca, Casanare): 1,300 s.
Sanavir´on: unclassified. Argentina (C´ordoba, Santiago del Estero): extinct.
Sechuran: language family, all extinct.
Olmos:Peru (Lambayeque).
Sechura or Sec:Peru (Piura).
Tabancale or Aconipa: unclassified. Border area of Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe) and
Peru (Cajamarca): extinct.
Tall´an: language family, all extinct; possibly related to Sechuran.
Catacaos:Peru (Piura).
Col´an:Peru (Piura).
Taushiro or Pinche: unclassified. Peru (Loreto): 7 s. in 1975; possibly related to Zaparoan.
Tekiraka or Abishira or Auishiri (with variety: Vacacocha): isolate. Peru (Loreto): pre-
sumably extinct.
Ticuna or Tucuna: isolate. Colombia (Amazonas): 6,585 s.; Peru (Loreto): 1,787 s.; more
in Brazil (c. 32,000 s.).
Timote–Cuica: language family or isolate with internal variation. Venezuela (M´erida,
Trujillo); presumably extinct, but possible language survival in Mut´us (M´erida)
to be verified.
Tiniguan: language family with one surviving language.
Tinigua: Colombia (Meta): 2 s.
Extinct languages belonging to this group:
Majigua: Colombia (Meta).
Pamigua: Colombia (Meta).
Tucanoan: language family.
Angutero:Peru (Loreto): 100 speakers, mixed with the Secoya (Wheeler 2000).
Bar´a or Waimaj˜a: Colombia (Vaup´es): 96 s.
Barasana (including Taiwano or Eduria): Colombia (Vaup´es): 1,910 s.; more in Brazil.
Carapana: Colombia (Vaup´es): 412 s.; more in Brazil.
Cubeo: Colombia (Vaup´es): 6,035 s.; more in Brazil.
Inventory of Andean languages and language families 621
Desano: Colombia (Vaup´es): 2,136 s.; more in Brazil.
Koreguaje–Tama: Colombia (Caquet´a): 2,100 s.
Macuna or Sara: Colombia (Vaup´es): 922 s.; more in Brazil.
Makaguaje: Colombia (Putumayo): 50 s.
Matap´ı: Colombia (Amazonas): 200 s.
Orej´on or Maijuna or Coto:Peru (Loreto): 288 s.
Piratapuyo: Colombia (Vaup´es): 630 s.; more in Brazil.
Pisamira: Colombia (Vaup´es): 25 s. (in ethnic group of 54).
Secoya (or Pioj´e): Ecuador (Sucumb´ıos): 350 s.; Peru (Loreto): 678 s.; also known as
Pai Coca in Ecuador.
Siriano: Colombia (Vaup´es): 715 s.; more in Brazil.
Siona: Colombia (Putumayo): 700 s.; Ecuador (Sucumb´ıos): 250 s.; also known as
Pai Coca in Ecuador.
Tanimuca-Letuama (also Retuar˜a): Colombia (Amazonas): 1,800 s.
Tatuyo: Colombia (Vaup´es): 294 s.
Tetet´e: Ecuador (Sucumb´ıos): probably extinct.
Tucano or Yepa Masa: Colombia (Vaup´es): 6,837 s.; more in Brazil.
Tuyuca: Colombia (Vaup´es): 570 s.; more in Brazil.
Wanano: Colombia (Vaup´es): 1,172 s.; more in Brazil.
Ya(h)una: Colombia (Amazonas): 95 s.
Yurut´ı: Colombia (Vaup´es): 610 s.; more in Brazil.
Presumably extinct groups (no recent data):
Coret´u or Curet´u: Colombia (Amazonas).
Icaguate: Colombia (Putumayo).
Encabellado:Peru (Loreto).
Yupua or Sok´o or Uri or Durin˜a: Colombia (Amazonas); cf. Landaburu (1996a).
Tupi: widely extended language stock, represented in the area by one family; Tupi is
possibly related to Cariban and to Macro-Ge (Rodrigues 2000).
Tupi–Guaran´ı:
Ach´e or Guayak´ı:Paraguay (Alto Paran´a, Caaguaz´u, Caazap´a, Canindey´u): 538 s.
Chiriguano or Ava or Guaran´ı Boliviano:Argentina (Salta): 15,000 to 20,000 s.;
Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Sucre, Tarija): 33,670 s. (a local variety in Bolivia is called
Izoce˜no); Paraguay (Boquer´on): 24 s. (the local variety is called Guarayo).
Chirip´a or Av ´a-Guaran´ı:Paraguay (Alto Paran´a, Amambay, Caaguaz´u, Canindey´u,
Concepci´on, San Pedro): 1,930 s.; more in Brazil (Nhandeva).
Cocama-Cocamilla:Peru (Loreto): 11,000 to 18,000 in ethnic group; language
becoming obsolete; some in Brazil.
Guaran´ı Correntino or Goyano:Argentina (Corrientes, Formosa, Misiones, Santa
Fe): 100,000–500,000 s.
622 Appendix
Guaran´ı or Paraguayan Guaran´ı:Paraguay: c. 4,648,000; more in Brazil.
Guarayo: Bolivia (Santa Cruz): 5,933–10,029 s.
Guarasugw´e or Pauserna: Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz): 4 s. in 1974; probably extinct;
may be extinct in Brazil as well.
Jor ´a: Bolivia (Beni): 5 s. in 1974; possibly extinct.
Mby´a:Argentina (Misiones): 2,500–3,500 s.; Paraguay (Alto Paran´a, Caaguaz´u,
Caazap´a, Canindey´u, Guair´a, Itap´ua, Misiones, San Pedro): 2,435 s.; more in
Brazil.
Omagua:Peru (Loreto): ethnic group of c. 600; language nearly extinct; more in
Brazil (Cambeba).
Pa˜ıTavyter˜a:Paraguay (Amambay, Canindey´u, Concepci´on, San Pedro): 500 s.
Sirion´o or Mbia: Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz): 400 s.
Tapiet´e: Bolivia (Tarija): 70 s.; Paraguay (Boquer´on): 123 s.; Argentina (Salta):
384 s.
Yeral (from Portuguese l´ıngua geral )or
˜
Nengat´u:Venezuela (Amazonas): 730–
2,000 s.; more in Brazil; some in Colombia (Guain´ıa, Vaup´es).
Yuqui or Bia: Bolivia (Cochabamba): 125 s.
Urarina or Kacha or Simacu or Itucale: isolate. Peru (Loreto): 564–3,000 s.
Uru–Chipaya: language family with two surviving languages; historical varieties com-
monly referred to as Uruquilla.
Chipaya: Bolivia (Oruro): 1,000 s.
Uchumataqu or Uru of Iru-Itu: Bolivia (La Paz): 2 s.
Extinct languages belonging to this family:
Murato: Bolivia (Oruro); no data.
Uru of Ch’imu:Peru (Puno).
Yaguan: language family with one surviving language.
Yagua or Yihamwo: Colombia (Amazonas): 294 s.; Peru (Loreto): 760–4,000 s; some
in Brazil.
Extinct languages belonging to this family:
Peba:Peru (Loreto).
Yameo:Peru (Loreto).
Yahgan or Yamana: isolate. Chile (Magallanes): 2 s.
Yaruro or Pum´e: isolate. Venezuela (Apure): 5,000 s.
Yuracar´e: isolate. Bolivia (Cochabamba): 2,675 s.
Yur´ı: unclassified. Colombia (Amazonas): 200 s.
Yurumangu´ı: isolate. Colombia (Cauca, Valle del Cauca): extinct.
Zamucoan: language family, two languages.
Ayoreo or Moro: Bolivia (Santa Cruz): 771 s.; Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Boquer´on):
815 s.
Inventory of Andean languages and language families 623
Chamacoco:Paraguay (Central, Boquer´on): 1,187 s.
Extinct languages belonging to this family (possibly Ayoreo dialects):
Guara˜noca: Bolivia (Santa Cruz).
Zamuco: Bolivia (Santa Cruz).
Zaparoan: language family (information Cabeceras Aid Project).
Andoa or Shimigae:Peru (Loreto): 5 s. in 1975; reportedly extinct.
Arabela:Peru (Loreto): 30–40 s. to 100 s.
Cahuarano:Peru (Loreto): 5 s. in 1976; reportedly extinct.
Iquito:Peru (Loreto): 22–26 s., 15–20 semi-speakers.
Z´aparo or Kayapi: Ecuador: 1–4 s.
Extinct languages: Gae, Coronado, Oa, etc. (Ecuador).
Languages which cannot be classified for absence of data:
Arma-Pozo: Colombia (Caldas, Risaralda).
Atunceta: Colombia (Cauca, Valle del Cauca).
Anserma (incl. Caramanta, Cartama): Colombia (Antioquia, Risaralda).
Bolona: Ecuador (Loja, Zamora–Chinchipe).
Campaces: Ecuador (Manab´ı, Los R´ıos, Pichincha).
Canelo: Ecuador (Pastaza).
Carabayo: Colombia (Amazonas); uncontacted group.
Chancos: Colombia (Choc´o, Valle del Cauca).
Chango: Chile (Antofagasta, Tarapac´a).
Chitarero: Colombia (Norte de Santander).
Chono: Ecuador (Guayas, Los R´ıos).
Ciaman: Colombia (Cauca, Valle del Cauca).
Colima: Ecuador (Guayas?).
Gorgotoqui: Bolivia (Santa Cruz).
Guaca and Nori: Colombia (Antioquia, C´ordoba).
Guane: Colombia (Santander).
Guanaca: Colombia (Cauca, Huila).
Hacaritama: Colombia (Norte de Santander).
Idabaez: Colombia (Choc´o).
Jamund´ı: Colombia (Valle del Cauca).
Jitirijiti: Colombia (Valle del Cauca).
Irra: Colombia (Caldas, Risaralda).
Lache: Colombia (Boyac´a, Santander)
Lili: Colombia (Valle del Cauca).
Malaba: Ecuador (Esmeraldas).