Tawa W. Japanese Stage-Step Course: Workbook 1

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230 Stage 1-8 (Workbook 1)

Example (3): (go, when)

Q: Ăìûþ

Ûā

ëØ

ôÏ¶

A(M): 

÷ì

Þ·ç(male speaker)

A(F): 

÷ì

·ç(female speaker)

Questions:

eat, what; drink, what; ate, what; drank, what; went, where; met, whom; meet your teacher, when

Example (4): did homework yesterday

Q: ºþ

öÏĀ

ûC

ü°ô

)

ÞĂ

ûüÿ¶

A: ĀĀāûüîýÐÿç

Questions:

talked to the teacher; watched that Japanese movie; wrote e-mail to your mother; friend came to the

school; read the letter from the teacher; walked in the park; waited for me; went home; rained;

bought that expensive bag; studied at the library.

Submit responses on separate sheet.

Part 1 (R: S1-8-6): Listen to the voice messages and summarize each message in English.

Step 3

1. In recognizing and writing kanji, the learner must pay attention to certain features. For

instance, the length of strokes is very important. Compare the following two kanji.

 . . . when the second horizontal line is shorter than the first, the character means “the last”

in order.

 . . . when the second horizontal line is longer than the first, it means “incomplete.”

The following examples are characters distinguished by the way the horizontal and vertical

strokes cross:

[ . . . when the vertical stroke does not extend outside the square (O), it means “rice field.”

 . . . when the vertical stroke extends outside the square above and below, the character

means “to say” in the humble manner.

 . . . when the vertical line extends outside above the square but not below, the character

means “reason.”

2: Listening

1: Kanji Recognition

Stage 1-8 (Workbook 1) 231

 . . . when the vertical line extends outside below the square but not above, the character

means “turtle shell.”

2. What is the difference between the following pairs?

á (person) and J (enter)

j (power) and L (sword)

 (nine) and j (power)

 (cow) and Q (noon)

3. Do you know any other pairs of kanji that are quite close in shape but different in meaning?

4. Use the summary of new vocabulary to practice reading some of the kanji words that were used

in this chapter. Repeat until you can recognize them easily.

About diary writing

þÕëÐö is the word for “diary” or “journal.” Diary or journal entries are normally written in

the plain forms. They usually begin with the date and abbreviated day of the week ÕÂ, , , r,

À, , þ. The day’s weather is often recorded.

5. With dpÕ÷î

ëÐ



2: Reading Kanji

3: Discourse Practice (Reading)

See Yaeko S. Habein. Decoding Kanji. New York: Kodansha International, 2000.

qÂ

÷ì

g\þ

ëõ

Õ

ú 

ø

ºþ

öÏĀ

êÜ

Óā

÷w

ÿ

ìøÐÿçþ

Ûā

ù¼

æĂ

ÏÜ

Óā

ÞÐÿçþ

Ûā

ÏÜ

Óā

êÖòüýÐÿ÷û¼

æĂ

Ïê

Ûā

ùĀ

ë

Ñ«ý

üýÐÿçÞýû¼

æĂ

ÏÜ

Óā

êøé·ô7öîýÐÿçÜ

Óā

ÏÉ

øù

7û¾

óā

óĂ

ùÎ

êî

üÿç¬ÏÉ

øù

7û¿

ùâ

Þõ

ù

öÐ

³ā

7

Ð³û

î÷

ôÎ

êî

üÿç¬ÏÉ

øù

7ûÊ

ëÈ

ýæ

Ð³Ãĕ

ÿçï½

Óò

ûù³âX

ð¬

ô

öÿç½

øò

ÌÆ

êā

êñ

ĖîýÐÿçÊ

7

üäĀ

óì

ė©

Ãí

ü

ā7ûĭĮĤėü³û¬ÏÉ

øù

7ûð

å¨

ÌÆ

êā

ėñ

üäô

ÁĀ

7ñ

Ėÿçï

íā



£ā

ûĢĮĪĜĮ÷ø¨÷û]

ā

ûØ

ýîĂç©

Ãí

üĪěģėk



³û

êÖ

ô

·ĀçËþ

øüÿ

ê

ô¨é

7Ô

Āõ

ëÈ

ýæ

¨çÔ

Āõ

ê¬

āîë

ùð

ôîĂç

ô¨é

7Ò

Ăõ

ýā

ĕĂÞç

232 Stage 1-8 (Workbook 1)

6. Without dpÕ÷î

7. Answer the following questions in Japanese.

Č$íÏá

åù

êĂìíÏþ

ëÐ



ėm

öéüÿýç

ē ¬Ïþ

ÏI

³ā



êÁĀ7üÿýç

Ē Ü

Óā

êĂìøéüÿýç

đ Ăôìøéüÿýç¯

îā

ÏÜ

Óā

7üÿýç

# Ü

Óā

êÁĀ7üÿýç

" íÏá

åù

êĂì¾

óā

óĂ

ùÎ

êî

üéüÿýç

Đ ÁĀü³¾

óā

óĂ

ùÎ

êî

üéüÿýç

!ÊÍ

¸Ö

ëĂìÈ

ýæ

éüÿýç

ďÊÍ

¸Ö

7¯

îë

ėüéüÿýç

Ď 

·Ā

Ï½

øò

êĂìÌ|

öéüÿýç

ċ íÏá

åù

ê½

øò

ÌÆ

êā

ù

å¨

ÌÆ

êā

ėñ

Ėéüÿýç

Ĉ Áí7ñ

Ėéüÿýç

ćï

íā£ā

û¯

îë

÷øéÃýç

Ć íÏáêï

íā£ā

ÁĀüéÃýç

ą Ëþ

øüÿ

ê¯

îë

ėüéÃýç

Ą íÏá

åù

ÏÔ

Ăæ

ê

ùð

Ă7Ãýû1

õý

Ă7Ãýç

ă Ô

Ăæ

é7ÁÏĕĂýýéÃýç

qÂg\þÕú 

ºþêÜÝ÷wìøÐÿçþèÙù¼ÙÏÜÝÞÐÿçþèÙÏÜÝêÖòüýÐÿ÷û¼ÙÏê

è¥ëüýÐÿçÞýû¼ÙÏÜÝêøé·ô7öîýÐÿçÜÝÏÉ7û¾ãùÎüÿç¬ÏÉ

7û¿Çù¢¤7Ð³ûôÎüÿç¬ÏÉ7ûÊÍëÈÐ³Ãĕÿçï½ûù³âXôöÿç½

ÌÆêñĖîýÐÿçÊÍ7¡ė©üā7ûĭĮĤėü³û¬ÏÉ7ûðÌÆėñ`7ñĖÿçï

ûĢĮĪĜĮ÷ø¨÷û]®ûØýîĂç©üĪěģėk³ûô·ĀçËþê7ÔëÈ¨çÔê¬

āîëôîĂç7Ò×ªĕĂÞç

ĉ ¯

îā

7Ô

Āõ

ëÈ

ýæ

éÃýç

Ċ íÏá

åù

êÁāîá

åù

ÞùS

ðâ

ĂéÃýç

Write two diary entries, one following the directions below and the other on a topic of the student’

choice. Follow the content below:

Describe how you met a person and became friends. Use both the imperfectives (positive and neg-

ative) and the perfectives (positive and negative).

2. Write a diary entry of your own for one day.

 Functional words

Word Function

Ä particle: sentence-final

 Conversational devices

Expression Meaning

Āāûā casual way to say “Yes”

ĀĀā casual way to say “No”

âõ|ā “of course”

òø vocalization used when the response is uncertain

~ßĔîĂ¶ a way to confirm the speaker’s assumption

 Expressions

Expression Meaning

ïÕĂéêõäÐù a polite way to decline an offer

4: Discourse Practice (Writing)

Summary of Vocabulary

234 Stage 1-8 (Workbook 1)

 Verbs

Kanji Kana Classification Meaning

čüč 2; intransitive die

ĕ ð·ĕ 2; intransitive swim

Stage 1-9

Bridging Stage One and Stage Two

This chapter will be a bit different. It consists of sections on structures designed to bridge the

material studied in Stage 1 in advancing to Stage 2. Relatively few new vocabulary items are

introduced. Fuller exercises of the last section on Derived Verbs will be given in later chapters

(Stages 2-4 and 3-4) of Workbook 2 when these verbs are dealt with in full. No new vocabulary is

added in the Derived Verbs section. It is recommended, however, that students learn in this chap-

ter how these derived verbs work and how they are used, following the exercises given below.

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding sections, Stage 1-9.1 (1) and (2), in the Grammar Textbook first.

(1) Plain forms in the final and non-final positions; (2) Examples of predicates in the non-

final position

1. Insert appropriate words in the following statements.

 When plain predicate forms are used in the final position of a sentence in speech, it indicates

that ____________________________________________________.

éÌWhen plain predicate forms are used in the final position of a sentence in writing, it indicates

that ___________________________________________________.

èÌ When predicates are used in the non-final position of sentences, __________________ are

used, in most cases, regardless of the speech (or written) styles used.

2. Expand the underlined parts as suggested. Be sure to confirm the meaning of each sentence.

Ì¹Ô

xÖ

¦½Ù×Ã



È8

Ú²

to speak Japanese; to write Japanese; to listen to Japanese; to teach Japanese; to eat fruit and

vegetables; to eat fish; to take a walk; to work at the library; to review Japanese with my friend.

é ÔÌÌÌÌÌÌ¦½Ù×Ã

ÈÚ·²

can speak Japanese; can write Japanese; can read Japanese; can teach Japanese; can draw a map;

can buy good fish here; can see interesting animals there; can buy beautiful furoshiki and

handkerchiefs at that department store.

èÙ×Ã

½´Øà²

speaking Japanese; writing Japanese; reading Japanese; listening to Japanese; talking on the

phone; showing the videos to children; asking questions in Japanese; working at the dining hall;

drawing a map to the college; making rice.

1: When to Use Plain Forms

236 Stage 1-9 (Workbook 1)

3. Expand the underlined parts of the responses to the questions as suggested. Be sure to confirm

the meaning of each sentence.

 Q: øùýü÷´Ý½

»Ý

ÛÄ

à·ØËÞ

A: øùýü÷´Ý½Ù×



È8

ÚÓÛÄ

à·ØË

he likes to study Japanese; his father is good at Japanese; he is bad at Japanese; he is happy; he is

poor; his father is tall; his mother is short; he will teach in Japan next year; he will show a Japanese

video to the students tomorrow; he will call his friend tonight.

éÌQ: ÔÌÌÌÌÌÌ¦½Ù×ÃtÍà¼¿ßÇ

ÅÜ

à·²

A: Ù×Ã½´Øà

ÛÇ

ÅÜ

à·²

difficult; not difficult; not easy; important; fun; many students will study next semester; the

teachers are good; the students are good; will be important.

è Q: Ñ»Ë½Ñ¾tÍà¼¿Ý»ÏÛêº

Ú·ØËÞ

A: ¹Ô

xÖ

¦½ÕÑ¾½Ù×¾ÓÛºÚ·ØË

tall; short; Chinese; Korean; a student of Japanese; will teach in Japan next year; will do her study

abroad in Japan next fall; poor; happy; good at speaking Japanese.

çÌQ: Ñ»Ë½K

Ûß

´ÝtÛº

Ú·ØËÞ

A: ¹Ô

xÖ

¦½ÕKN´ÝtÑ¾½Ù×¾ÞºÚ·ØË

if she is a student at this college; if she can speak Japanese; if she has a headache; if she is hungry;

if she is happy; if she took a walk at the park; if she commutes to school; if she works at the dining

hall; if she will call a teacher tomorrow morning.

4. New vocabulary: (R: S1-9-1)

 :+ÔÞÀà¦à

: This adjective is used for “small” as well as “cute” things.

1. úû´Ý½àÍÜ¹½ÅØ%ÓÛÄ

à·²

fashion conscious

2. 

Ûß



ÚÒß

Ñ'

§

:

Àà

à

@Ö

êª

ßÏÛÈÚgÛÇ

ÅÜ

à·²

cute

3. Ñ¬Ð¡

ÊÎ

³Òß

½ààd

à

Ú

êÜußÏÛ½Þ» 

Þ

ØàÛº

Ú·ØË

grades considerably

4. Åf

Ú%Ö

´ÝËãÅ±

Ñu

à½¿ÏÞº

Ú·ØË

guest (see below) restroom

5. Ñ

Îß

ÈÖ

à

½Ù×J

ØÎß

[

ÞÝ

½(

Þ



ÊÒ



Öt

ÛÞ»r

ÁÈ

ßÛÄ

à·ØË

custom differ

Stage 1-9 (Workbook 1) 237

 ÅfÔÚ%Ö¦´Ý

: The noun fÔÚ%Ö¦ “guest” may be used without the honorific prefix ÅÌand ´Ý,

but in referring to specific guests, these two elements are necessary.



Ëã

: This phrase expresses that a certain thing is for the use of a certain person. When this

phrase modifies a noun,  should be used, as in ¯°ÔÏ¿Ü¦Ëãôüõöýó “a computer for

children.” When it modifies a verb, t should be used as in ¯°ÔÏ¿Ü¦Ëãtôüõöýóêª

ÔÞ¦ß “to buy a computer for a child.”

PRODUCTION

5. Preparatory task: Do mechanical practice as needed to memorize the new vocabulary for this

unit. Use the structures of this unit whenever appropriate.

6. Translation self-check: The example sentences with the new vocabulary given above have been

translated here into equivalent English sentences (the translation is not word-for-word). Try

checking the accuracy of your translation by translating them back into Japanese.

7. Question-and-answer: Express the following.

ÌQ: øùýü÷´Ý½Ñ¾tÍà¼

»Ý

ÛÄ

à·ØËÞ

A: Ñ¾½Û¼Üàà

¾ÓÛÄà·ØË

a foreign student from England; very cute; quite fashion conscious; smart; can speak Japanese very

well; will go home tomorrow.

éÌQ: úû´ÝtÍà¼¿ßÇ

ÅÜ

à·²Þ

A: µß²OÆúû´Ý½Û¼Ü

ÑË·

Èàà¾ÓÛÇà·²

pretty; not so pretty; fashion conscious; not so good student; cute; not so cute; good at Japanese and

Chinese.

èÌQ: K

Ûß

´ÝtÛº

Ú·ØËÞ

A: úû

´Ý½ÏÉÉÐÞºÚ·ØË

what kind of grade she received; if Jones-san will go to Japan next year; where the restroom of this

department store is; what kinds of customs are different in her country; where the guest will sleep;

where she bought the cute pair of shoes.

1. Park-san always tells me that I am fashion conscious.

2. I think you can buy cute outfits at that store in Tokyo.

3. I heard that it is quite difficult to receive a good grade in that teacher’s class.

4. I asked where the restroom for guests is.

5. That foreign student said that Japanese customs are quite different from those of her country.

238 Stage 1-9 (Workbook 1)

8. Discourse practice: Respond to the following questions. Ask further questions based on the

responses you receive.

ÌÑ»Ë½¯

¿Ü

Â

ÛÚ

Õ¿Ý»ÏÛÈÚ·ØËÞ¿Ý»ÏÛÈÚ·ÝØËÞ

é Ñ»Ë½¯

¿Ü

Â

ÛÚ

Õ¿Ý»d

à

Ú

êÜuà·ØËÞ¿Ý»¡

ÊÎ

³Òß

ààd

à

Ú

êÜuà·ØËÞµ¡¸

¬ÐtÍà¼¿ßÇ

ÅÜ

à·ØËÞ

è Ñ»Ë|

Òß

ØÝ

½àÍÜÑ»Ët¿Ý»ÏÛêÄ

à·²Þ

ç Ñ»Ë

Öt

ÛÙ×J

ØÎß

[

ÞÝ

½r

ÁÈ

ßÛÇ

ÅÜ

à·²Þ¿Ý»ÏÛÈr

ÁÈ

ßÛÇà·²Þ

æ Ñ»Ë½Ù×tÍà¼¿Ý»ÏÛêº

Ú·ØËÞ

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding sections, Stage 1-9.2 (1) through (4), in the Grammar Textbook first.

(1) About complex sentences; (2) Adjectival clauses; (3) Adverbial clauses joined by

Þu

;

(4) Adverbial clauses joined by

ÂÔÛÚ¦

oÔ·Æ¦t

, and

ÔÑÛ¦

1. Complete the following sentences concerning the nature of complex predicates:

ÌA complex sentence consists of at least two ( ) in a single sentence.

éÌThese two clauses form a relationship in which one is the ( ), and the other is the

( ) clause.

èÌThe function of a dependent clause is the same as that of an ( ) or an ( ),

and the clause is called either an ( ) or an ( ) clause.

çÌIdentify the different clauses of the following English sentences and name each clause:

I read the book that John bought yesterday.

I did not go to school today because I was not feeling well.

When I was not feeling well, I did not call my mother.

Is the man who is standing over there your brother?

2. Insert the following adjectival clauses in the underlined part. Be sure to understand the mean-

ing of each completed sentence.

Ì¹½ÕÙ

Úß

Õª

iË×ê¤§·ØË

I received from the guest; it was the assignment; I will give to my mother tomorrow; my father

gave me; my sister read last year; my friend bought yesterday.

éÌÙ

Úß

Õ1

Ý



êØË¾½Ó²Þ

you talked; I saw at the park; went to Japan for study-abroad last year; went to the restroom; ate

sushi; will eat sushi; did not eat sushi; do not eat sushi.

2: Complex Structures

3. Complete the following question-and-answer exchanges.

Example:

Q: ¿ßØ¼ Ô»âá»Ý¦¡

ÊÎ

³Òß

êT

²

§·ØËÞ

A: 2

.Òß

ÓiËÞuÕT

²

§·ØË

Question

þ»â

¿ßØ¼

, or

»Ýÿ

Response with ~

Þu

Example: did not come to class was sick

1. like kittens they are cute

2. bought her a new bag she is fashion conscious

3. your parents talked to the teacher my grades were bad

4. he did not like Japan he said that the custom was different

5. you bought a dictionary did not understand meanings

4. Insert appropriate clauses in the underlined part. Be sure to understand the meaning of each

completed sentence.

Q: àÍ,

´Ý

{

Ø·ØËÞ

A: 

ÛÜ



ÓÁ

È

ßÁ

t¨

ËÂ

ÛÚ

Ôt¦Õ,

´Ý

{

Ø·ØË

when my homework was done; when the movie finished; when Nakada-san’s class began; after

doing my homework; after getting up; before eating breakfast; before drinking tea; after talking to

my mother on the phone; before writing e-mail.

5. New vocabulary: (R: S1-9-2)

Stage 1-9 (Workbook 1) 239

1. ¡

ÊÎ

³Òß

Ù×Ã-

ØÝ

zÝ

ê¤ÞuÕàà¢

Æà

¼Ý

Û£

Æà

¼Ý

ÈP

·²

Japanese–English dictionary English–Japanese dictionary

2. v

»Þ



¬ÐÈØË

ØÍ



ÜÝ

½

Þ

ØÞiËÞuÕ

ÏË

ÆgÏÛÈÚ·ÝØË

question answer

3. 



ØÒ



ÞÝ

S



Û

êØË

ÑÛ

Õ~

m

t

Ü¿

·²

return

4. e

ß







Þgo

·Æ

tÕÙ×tàg

½½

Ý



êØ·ØË

errand go out

5. úû´Ý

ØÎÖ



Óà

ê±

ÍÓ

iËÂtÕ(

Þ

~

m

t

xÖ

×ê

À²

·ØË

help forget