Tawa W. Japanese Stage-Step Course: Workbook 1

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220 Stage 1-8 (Workbook 1)

! My mother will come to this area next Monday.

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding section, Stage 1-8.4, in the Grammar Textbook first.

1. Change the predicates of the following sentences into plain predicates.

Č$íÏ

ÁĀì

ê±

ðð

öĂ7Ã÷ûöāßĔøéóāç

ē øÏá

åù

êðÀ

ýà



õ7Ã÷ûV

üøÄ

óîá

åù

7êøéóāç

Ē øÏá

åù

ê5R

¹āĀ

7êøéóā÷ûðÀ

ýà

ėE

ìý

Ăéóāç

đ§

ÿý

Ă4

ðô



âÏ

ėe

ĂÿĂ7Ã÷ûðÀ

ýà

÷øéóāç

#ð:

îý

÷

Ăÿ

Ă7ÃçÞýûÌÆ

êā

÷ñ

Ėÿôøéóāç

" øÏ

ÁĀ



ì

êf

â3

øü

ât®

«Ăā

û

î÷

Ă7Ãàæç7âû'

ô¹

ê¬āîë

î÷

ôøéóāç

Đl

øÿé

÷

Ăÿ

Ă7Ãç7âûÃĕ9

ôÃ

ė(

éóāç

!Ëþ

øüÿ

ê

Ă¬÷

üĂ7ÃçÞýû0

ĀāÁĀ

üéóāç

ď íÏ|üöêøé·ôøéóāçÞýû@

Ûý

Ïėe

ĂéÃç

Ďïþ

öäĀ

ûG

ĂâĀù

ê»

éóāçËþ

øüÿ

û»

éÃç

PRODUCTION

2. Express the following in Japanese, using the plain forms (if it helps, you can translate them into

the polite forms first, and then express them in the plain forms).

Č This handkerchief is not the same as that one. This one is more expensive.

ē Park-san is the happiest man in the world, but he does not have much money.

Ē I won’t work in the dining room this semester [part-time work].

đ This furoshiki is not new, so I won’t use it.

# This job at school is not very good. So, I will work at another school.

" My roommate is sick. So, he won’t come to class today.

Đ This kind of meat is very expensive. So, I won’t buy it.

4: Plain Negative Imperfectives

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding section, Stage 1-8.5, in the Grammar Textbook first.

1. Change the predicates of the following sentences into the plain forms.

Č$§

íĀíĀ

Ï×

ùö

Ăìâ¿

ùâ

Þõ

ùøÏ

öÐ

³ā

7½

øò

ÌÆ

êā

ėñ

Ėéüÿç

ēÚ

÷Ð



íĀ

êºþ

öÏĀ

ûA

ÖÃ

7üÿçÞýûÔ

Ăæ

7Òþ

Ăõëõ

ûè

Ûā

ė

éüÿç

Ēx

Áâ

Ï×

ùö

ûÔ



/ô

7·ô

ä

íĀ

üéüÿçĂìâù³â}

ÿÏ

üýÐÿ7Ãç

đºþ

öÏĀ

û¾

óā

óĂ

ùÎ

êî

üéüÿ÷û¾

óā

óĂ

êù³â8

üā

óì

7üÿç

#¿Ç

ùâÞõ

÷²

Äÿü

ÏÊÍ

¸Ö

ë»

éüÿ÷ûù³â+

ü«

ý7üÿç

"¾

óā

ü°Ā

ûøÏ

 ĀĂ

î

æĂ



ëØ

öéüÿçù³âĂĂ

æĂ



7üÿç

Đ¿Ç

ùâÞõ

ùÒ

Ăõ

ýā

ĕĂÚ

÷Ð



íĀ

ė

ø¨

öéüÿ÷û

ø

÷ĝĮĝĮ-



Ð³Ăéüÿç

! ĘīĥĚĥë

øÿ

üĂ

ô

ėÿôòāâĂéüÿç

ďl

øÿé

÷

Ăÿ

ýÐÿ7ÃçÞýû

êÖ

ôÔ

Āõ

ëÈ

ýæ

éüÿç

Ď±

ÞĂ

÷ô

ýÏf

÷

ėÒ

ĂÐ

ü°Ā

ýā

ûc

õéüÿç

PRODUCTION

2. Express the following in Japanese, using the plain predicate forms (if it helps, you can translate

them into the polite forms first, and then express them in the plain forms).

Č Nakada-san’s grandmother got sick. So, he went home yesterday.

ē I was very short when I was a child. But now I am very tall.

Ē I went to my job at the dining hall yesterday. But I came back early.

đ I took a trip to Asia with my family. I really liked countries in Asia.

# My grandfather used to be famous, but no one knows him now.

" Yesterday was my birthday. So, many friends came to my house.

Đ I wanted to buy this for my friend, but I won’t. I don’t have much money.

! The deadline for this paper was last Friday. I submitted it very late.

ď I wanted to go to the movie with my friend, but I studied at the library instead.

Ď I had a cake at that café. It was very good.

5: Plain Positive Perfectives

Stage 1-8 (Workbook 1) 221

222 Stage 1-8 (Workbook 1)

ċ I watched a movie with my roommate last weekend. It was very good.

Ĉ I wrote an e-mail to my high school friends last night.

ć I bought this interesting book last night, and I read 100 pages this morning.

Ć I waited for my friend for one hour at the café.

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding section, Stage 1-8.6, in the Grammar Textbook first.

1. Change the predicates of the following sentences to the plain forms.

Č$W

ýs

êġĮĥġėÒ

ĂõéĂ

üýñ

Ėéóā7üÿçøÏá

åù

êøéñ

Ėéóāàç

ē øÏ

òô

Ïr

êøé±

ðð

öôøéóā7üÿ÷ûù³âösĂ7üÿç

Ēºþ

öÏĀ

ê×

ýā

÷øéóā7üÿçÞýû¿Ç

ùâÞõ

ë

Ăéóā7üÿç

đðÀ

ýà

÷øéóā7üÿçÞýû

°Ā

÷ô

üéóā7üÿç

#y×

Ìß

é7c

õéüÿ÷û¿

ùâ

Þõ

ê»

éóā7üÿç

" øé·ô®

ýéóā7üÿ÷û¾ã

óāóĂ

ëi

öéóā7üÿç

Đ

êê

êºþ

öÏĀ

ûù³â 

Ă¬÷

üýÐÿ7ÃçÞýû,

7ā

7Î

êî

üéóā7üÿç

PRODUCTION

2. Express the following in Japanese, using the plain forms (if it helps, you can translate them into

the polite forms first, and then express them in the plain forms).

Č I didn’t understand this homework, so I didn’t hand it in.

ē He wasn’t my friend, but he was always very kind to me.

Ē I didn’t have the time, so I didn’t go to town tonight.

đ I didn’t like that student. So, I didn’t see him at the library.

# The movie wasn’t good at all, but I stayed there until 10:00 p.m.

" Yamanaka-san worked until noon, so he did not come to the class today.

Đ I didn’t have a lot of money, so I didn’t study in Japan last year.

! The kanji in this book were very difficult. So, I didn’t read the book.

6: Plain Negative Perfectives

Stage 1-8 (Workbook 1) 223

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding section, Stage 1-8.7, in the Grammar Textbook first.

1. Change the predicates of the following sentences to the plain forms.

Č$øÏ

ß°

zäĀ

êù³â 

Ñ«ý

üĂ7ÃçÞýûÚ

÷ô

óĂ

÷ù³â©

Ãô

îĂ7üäĀç

ē íÏè?

Ûā£í

êù³â±

ðð

öĂ7Ã÷û¬āîë§

ÿý

ôîĂ7üäĀç

Ē øÏĪĮęĤÏU

üÿ

Ïx

àí

ê_

îý

[

òāÏY

àí

ßĔîĂ7üäĀç

đðÀ

ýà

ê6

òĂ



ëøéóā÷ûøÏT

öK

üÏ_

îý

ëø¨7üäĀç

# âĀh

òā

7ÃçĦħĬòāêâĀÃĕb

ô7üäĀç

òā

7ÃçĦħĬòāêéÞb

ýîĂ7üäĀç

ĐËþ

øüÿ

ûøÏ

öÐ

³ā

ë

ĂéüäĀç

! ĞĠĮĬğòāùÒ

ĂÐ

üä

ëíÏþ

Ûā

Ï*

ðā

}

÷ô

ėi

öéüäĀç

ďËþ

øüÿ

Ï½

øò

û

öäĀ

üì

ë

êÖ

ô»

éüäĀç

Ďþ

Ûā

ê

éĂ

ëõ

û<

sā

;

ü°Ā

üéüäĀç

ċÅ

òÑ

ôîéüÿçÞýû

éÁ

ù

ė.

éüäĀç

PRODUCTION

2. Express the following in Japanese, using the plain forms (if it helps, you can translate them into

the polite forms first, and then express them in the plain forms).

Č My brother is probably busy tonight. So, I won’t see him tonight.

ē This novel is probably not very interesting. So, I won’t buy it.

Ē The money is not in my wallet. It is probably on the desk.

đ That town is probably not very far. It is probably north of here.

# The Shinkansen ticket is very expensive. It will probably cost about 20,000 yen.

" She is very good at Chinese. She is probably Chinese.

Đ This is probably a new cell phone. It is very pretty.

! My sister will probably buy a new laptop next year.

ď My grandmother will probably give me a new one on my birthday.

7: Plain Volitional Forms

224 Stage 1-8 (Workbook 1)

Ď I won’t make dinner tonight. So, we will probably eat at the restaurant.

ċ It is close, so let’s go on foot.

Ĉ I bought this new CD. Let’s listen to it together.

ć We are always late. Let’s get here early tomorrow morning.

Ć We ate a lot every day last week. Let’s do exercise together starting tomorrow.

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding sections, Stage 1-8.8 (1) and (2), in the Grammar Textbook first.

(1) Politeness and honorifics; (2) Different politeness degrees of negative predicates

1. Read the following sentence and answer the subsequent questions.

ùĀ

òāêï

Ăé

ûÊ

ëĂÐüĔĂéÃç

2. What can you tell about the speaker’s relation with ´µÕýùĀòā? How can you tell?

3. What can you tell about the relationship between the speaker and the addressee? How can you

tell?

4. Read the following sentence and answer the subsequent questions.

ùĀ

òāêï

Ăé

ûÊ

ëĂÐüĔ¨ç

5. What can you tell about the speaker’s relation with ´µÕýùĀòā? How can you tell?

6. What can you tell about the relationship between the speaker and the addressee? How can you

tell?

7. Change the following polite negative sentences into less polite negative sentences but still using

~éÃ and 7Ã.

Č ²ê´

ùĀ

7êøéóāç

ē´

ùĀ

òāê¬āîë 

Ă¬÷

üôøéóāç

ĒðÀ

ýà

êøéøéóāç

8: Speech Levels

Fill in the chart below.

Meaning Positive Negative Positive Negative Volitional

imperfective imperfective perfective perfective

be (things)

be (animate)

understand

come

drink

eat

read

teach

see, look

study

buy

write

speak

be able to

sleep

get up

exercise

return

walk

swim

die

stand

9: Overall Review

Stage 1-8 (Workbook 1) 225

226 Stage 1-8 (Workbook 1)

Step 2

1. First, study the content and the important points of the following dialogues in the Grammar

Textbook, and familiarize yourself with the meaning of each dialogue.

2. With the sound files, practice until the words come easily without referring to the text. Change

roles with your partner and practice several times until the dialogue flows smoothly.

(1) Casual speech: Asking a question and responding

3. Listen to dialogue (1): (R: S1-8-1)

4. Respond with Āā to the following questions.

Example (1): freshman

Q: øîÿûÒoã

ĂõàāóĂ

A: Āāû¬Āç

Example (2): (this, eat)

Q: ísûñ

Ė¨?

A: Āāûâõ|āûñ

Ė¨ç

Čïþ

öäĀ

ûÂ

ì

·Ā

¶(Sunday; Tuesday; 3rd; 4th; 6th; 8th; 10th)

ē$Ãüû

ö¶(dislike; will eat; will buy; delicious; not delicious)

Ē$ðÀ

ýà

ûø¨¶(time; books; food; drinks; the letter; a computer)

(2) Female and male casual conversation

5. Listen to dialogue (2): (R: S1-8-2)

1: Conversational Devices

{Ãüû

ö¶

{ÕĀāûâõ|āû±

ÞĂ



öç

ðāî

ÏÚã

÷ôóĂ

íÏý£āût®

«Ăā

û§

ÿý

ĂÄàæç

ðùí

ÏÚã

÷ôóĂ

è

Ûā

ùĀ

ë§

ÿý

ĂàæçísûÁíÏý£ā¶

ðāî

ÏÚã

÷ôóĂ

ĩĭīĨÏßĔîĂ¶

ðùí

ÏÚã

÷ôóĂ

(after confirming) Āāç¬ĀÞ·çĩĭīĨÏÞ·ç

Stage 1-8 (Workbook 1) 227

6. Questions and positive responses (nominal predicates)

Example: American

Q: ĩĭīĨÏßĔîĂ¶

A(M): Āāû¬ĀÞ·ç(male speaker)

A(F): Āāû¬Ā·ç(female speaker).

Questions:

that person, Tanaka; this, Tanaka-san’s; this bag, Japanese; tomorrow, Monday; tomorrow, the 4th;

today, Smith-san’s birthday

7. Questions and negative responses (nominal predicates)

Example: American

Q: ĩĭīĨÏßĔîĂ¶

A(M): ĀĀāûu

õ÷

Ā·ç(male speaker)

A(F): ĀĀāûu

õ÷

ĀÄç(female speaker)

Use the same questions as above (6).

8. Questions and positive responses (adjectival predicates)

Example: cold

Q: Å

òÑ

ôîĂ¶

A(M): ĀāûÅ

òÑ

Ăàç(male speaker)

A(F): ĀāûÅ

òÑ

ĂÄàç(female speaker)

Questions:

this, expensive; this cake, not tasty; this class, boring; this apple, old; this novel, difficult; this outfit,

small for you; this bag, a bit big; this cell, cheap

9. Questions and negative responses (adjectival predicates)

Example: cold

Q: Å

òÑ

ôîĂ¶

A(M): ĀĀāû¬āîëÅ

òÑ

ôîĂ·ç(male speaker)

A(F): ĀĀāû¬āîëÅ

òÑ

ôîĂÄç(female speaker)

Use the same questions as above (8).

10. Invitation (verbal predicates) and accepting: the example sentences are for both genders.

Example (1): (this, eat)

Q: ísûñ

Ė¨¶

A: øûĂÿÞöéÃç

228 Stage 1-8 (Workbook 1)

Example (2): go now

Q: ï

Ăé

ûØ

ô¶

A: øûâõ|āûØ

ôûØ

ôç

Invitations:

(this tea, drink); (this cell, use); (this movie, watch); (this novel, read); (walk together); (this, buy);

(this music, listen).

(3) Responses by male and female speakers

11. Listen to dialogue (3) Male speaker’s responses: (R: S1-8-3)

12. Listen to dialogue (3) Female speaker’s responses: (R: S1-8-4)

13. Invitation (verbal predicates) and declining an offer (among people who know each other well).

Use the dialogue above as a model for the second invitation. Use the same list as above (10).

Example: (this, eat)

Q: ísûñ

ĖîĂ¶

A(F): ĀĀāûï

Ăé

êñ

ĖîĂÄç(female)

A(M): ĀĀāûï

Ăé

êñ

ĖîĂ·ç(male)

14. Invitation (verbal predicates) and declining an offer (polite).

Declining an offer using the imperfective negative sounds rather blunt in Japanese. It may be used

among close friends or family members, but the following may be more appropriate when the

speaker is offered something by someone who is more distant than friends and family.

õäÐù means “a little,” as introduced in Stage 1-7. This word may be used to decline all sorts of

offers in vague terms. See the Conversational Devices in Stage 2-8 for this usage. Use the same list

as above (10).

{

ĦħĬòāûísûñ

ĖîĂ¶

{

ĀĀāçï

Ăé

êĂîĂ·ç

{

ísê¶

{

¬sâĂîĂ·ç

{

ĞĠĮĬğòāûísûñ

ĖîĂ¶

{

ĀĀāçïêĂîĂÄç

{

ísê¶

{

¬sâĂîĂÄç

Stage 1-8 (Workbook 1) 229

Example: (this, eat)

Q: ísûñ

ĖîĂ¶

A: ï

Ăé

êõäÐù{{{ç

(4) Urging the other

15. Listen to dialogue (4) (R: S1-8-5)

16. Use the dialogue above as a model, varying the first line (underlined below), with the meanings

suggested below.

òøûØ

íĀýç

eat; drink; read; watch; study; write; practice; exercise; make dinner; walk in the town; buy the new

book; speak Japanese with our teacher; go to bed early; get up early; rest; work once more

17. Additional practice: Question and answer.

Example (1): movie

Q: 

æĂ



ûÁĀÞÐÿ¶

A(M): ùÐ³â·ýÐÿ·ç(male)

A(F): ùÐ³â·ýÐÿÄç(female)

Questions:

sushi at that place; that class; that teacher; that novel; that foreign student; that work (part-time);

that examination; that meal.

Example (2): (today, what day of the week)

Q: ïþ

öäĀ

û¯

îā

·Ā

A(M): Â

ì

·Ā

Þ·ç(male speaker)

A(F): Â

ì

·Ā

·ç(female speaker)

Questions:

this, what language; he, what class; she, what nationality; this, where it was made; now, time; birth-

day, when; this, whose; you, where the homeland

{

òøûØ

íĀýç

{

Ăé

¶Ò

Ăõ

ëØ

ýîĂ¶

{

Ăõ

¶ĂĂ·ç