Tawa W. Japanese Stage-Step Course: Workbook 1

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210 Stage 1-7 (Workbook 1)

Step 3

1. One of the most difficult and troublesome things about learning Japanese is the reading or writ-

ing of personal and place names in kanji. The reason for the difficulty is the unpredictable use

of kanji. There are, however, many kanji used in names that have conventional readings.

Family names are a little easier to read than given names. Many common names include kanji

that indicate nature. For instance, ë, ă, ®, S, ¨, , and , to list a few. They also often con-

tain kanji of location or the cardinal directions; for instance â, ã, đ, §, ª, , Q, and N, to

list a few.

It is often the case that the first syllable of the second kanji is read with the voiced variation. For

instance, the two kanji of the name ăđĬĤģĦČ is reversed as đă and the second kanji is

then read with the voiced variation, as in ģĦĖ. But unfortunately the kanji may not always

change to the voiced variation. For instance, ă is ĈóĤ without the voiced variation.

2. See if you can read the following family names.

Kanji Kana Kanji Kana

ëđ ëă

Să ®¨

N® ă®

ă ă

® Qă

¨ăâă

¨ ëã

3. Given names are often difficult to read because the number of possible combinations one can

use from existing kanji is infinite and the readings for kanji combinations may also be provid-

ed in original ways. In fact, the Japanese government has allowed an additional 284 kanji to be

used in given names in addition to the officially recognized 1,945 ÛÙĬĒěīīĦĪĒČĨ(the

number is likely to increase by roughly 200 by the fall of 2010). Even rather common given

names may be read in a few different ways. For instance, |³ may be read as çďĆ or ĠĆ,

and can only be determined by the person in question or other authoritative source. Most

commonly the number of kanji for one given name is between one and three. Hiragana may be

used as part of a given name or as the entire given name, and it is most often used for female

given names.

1: Kanji Recognition

Stage 1-7 (Workbook 1) 211

4. Use the summary of new vocabulary to practice reading some of the kanji words used in this

chapter. Repeat until you can recognize them easily.

5. The following is a sample questionnaire for a certain residential program. The questionnaire

was devised to match students with compatible roommates for the program. Use these for the

reading practice, and do the question-and-answer activity with it.

įĨì

ēç

ĜÂ

čð

ħ

Ġ¡ĆĢğę

ĠXĞĦ÷

ēĀóę

ĠXčēóĀĉĪ÷Đ

ĕĤġ

čĩæĈ

ĂĪ

ĜÔ

ĥá

ħ

YĜì

ēç

ĜÔ

ĥá

ħ

ĠĀĞ÷

ĵĨì

ēç

Ęþ

čĪ

ėčĜŒœĢĘþ

čĪ

ĢÇďÒğę

ĠXĞĦ÷

ĕĤġ

čì

ēç

ĈĩæĈĘþ

čĪ

Ĺ²

ÆĀĞ÷

ŒœĈę

ĠXĞğĜĘþ

čĪ

ĝÇę

ĠXčēóĀĉĪ÷

ķĨí¸

ĆīĆī

üõ

ĢĠ

čĄ

ģė

ĹĞ¡ĆĢğę

ĠXġĤĦ÷

ŒTľļTė~

ħĆĢğĔ

Ėĩ

ĠXġĤ÷

XĈĜā

ûĢ

Ģñ

čģ

ĞĆĢčēĀóę

ĠXčēóĀĉĪ÷

ŒTľļTX°¶

ĥĪğħ

Ĺä

ħĆĢğę

ĠXġĤ÷

ĶĨ¬

ĩ

Ģ¢

øĆ

ĢĜÇďÒüć

ĝī

ğę

ĠXĞĦ÷

ĕĤġ

č¬

ĩ

čĆĕĩXĞğĜ¢

øĆ

čáĪģėĆĕħēóĀĉĪ÷

ĖĦÒĜ¢

øĆ

üć

ĝī

ğę

ĠXĞ÷

,ĨēģĤüúö

ĩďĂĪ

ĩĩÖÕ

ĢĈĖď

čÇĪģÖÕ

ĢĈĖď

XĞĦ÷

ĕĤġ

üúö

ĩďĂĪ

ĩĩÖÕ

ĢĈĖď

čĎą

ėĝĪ

ĦÒüÜĚý

óċīğħĉĩ

XĜëđ

ðĀģĦ

çĪĢh

ĩĀĞ÷

ëđ

ðĀģĦ

çĪčĢYĈê

ēĤĀ

ğħYĜ`

ġô

Ħģā

ûĢ

XĞ÷

ëđ

ðĀģĦ

çĪĢĐ

ĕĤġ

čŀŁłĹú

ĩġě

ė

¡ĆĢğę

ĠXĞ÷

+ĨőŐōŎŏĹġYĩĀĞĦ÷ÇĪģőŐōŎŏXĞĦ÷Ą

ģĪ



ĦĪ

ĴÒĩüőŐōŎŏXĞĦ÷

Ėĩ

ğħ

ü

ġě

ĦĪ

XőŐōŎŏĹġYĩĀĞ÷

ĩ

ġċī



ĦĪ

ė<

čď



ĦĪ

ĴÒĩőŐōŎŏġYĩĀĞ÷

3: Discourse Practice (Reading)

2: Reading Kanji

212 Stage 1-7 (Workbook 1)

*Ĩ[

ĝĦ

ėĄ

ģė

Ħ¯

ĠĤĩĆĢğēóĀĞĦ÷

ĕĤġ

čēĀóñ

čģ

ĞĆĢğę

ĠXčēóĀĉĪ÷

ĖĦÒĜŐTĿŅTŏč`

ġô

Ħģā

ûĢ

üć

ĝī

ğĩĩXĞ÷

°¶

ĥĪğħ

Ĺä

ħĆĢğę

Ġģā

ûĢ

ğĩĩXĞ÷

Now it is your turn to answer the questions in the questionnaire. Submit your responses (copy the

questions) on a separate sheet of paper.

įĨìĜÂħĠ¡ĆĢğęĠXĞĦ÷

ĵĨìĘþėčĜŒœĢĘþĢÇďÒğęĠXĞĦ÷

ķĨí¸üõčĄĹĞ¡ĆĢğęĠXġĤĦ÷

ĶĨ¬Ģ¢ĢĜÇďÒüćğęĠXĞĦ÷

,ĨēģĤüúöĩĩÖÕčÇĪģÖÕXĞĦ÷

+ĨőŐōŎŏĹġYĩĀĞĦ÷ÇĪģőŐōŎŏXĞĦ÷ĄõĴÒĩüőŐōŎŏXĞĦ÷

*Ĩ[ėĄĦ¯ĠĤĩĆĢğēóĀĞĦ÷

 Functional words

Word Function Word Function

ğ particle: subject ĔĬĖĩČ~ prefix: emphatic

ĆĢ nominalizer ~Ĥĩ suffix: speaker’s desire

ó particle: than ė particle: experiencer

úöĬĩďĂĪČ superlative marker X particle: boundary

æĈó the speaker’s plan

4: Discourse Practice (Writing)

Summary of Vocabulary

Stage 1-7 (Workbook 1) 213

 Pronouns

Kanji Kana Meaning

— ÇďÒ which of the two

— ÇďÒĈ both; neither

 Conversational devices

Expression Meaning

Çď a spoken form of ÇďÒ

ÇīġĀġĤĦ “What happened?”

ďěĢ a colloquial expression of îĬĞĆČġ

áčĩ$ĀĉĪø “That’s too bad.”

ĥĔÊĬĖĩĒČė “Please take care.”

èèĢ used when trying to come up with something to say

ĔUsĬĖĩĒěīČXĞ “All right.”

 Nouns

Kanji Kana Meaning Kanji Kana Meaning

ê ēĤĀ head eóÿ ĥħóĈü gift

©ĉ spine; back WO ĉĦĩ world

¿V eye — őŊő Asia

±ħď mouth L Ġĉæ season

Åčģnose  ġĠ four seasons

]Ħĥface Î¦ď ĦøĈď rich

ùY hand; arm ā± ĒĪĆī population

Íēġ foot; leg ć óěīĝī both

¥òòear i ďô map; atlas

Ãħ« neck ÿ ħĖĈü fruit

´üÚ Ħòü$ hair of the head aG ðçĩ vegetable

ĥÑ ĥģĦ stomach Hėħ meat

214 Stage 1-7 (Workbook 1)

Kanji Kana Meaning Kanji Kana Meaning

½ ħĞó medicine \ çĦģ fish

»ÿ Çīæ animal — ŀŁł video

g#īelephant  ĩò meaning

/. ĠóĪ giraffe ¹ÈĪ area

— Œœ bread ÜĚý óċīğħĉĩ foreign student

Ęþ ĘčĪ cooked rice; meal 1F "¤ġĠ furoshiki

— ņœŉŌ handkerchief

 Nouns (verbs with

Ğ¡

)

Kanji Kana Meaning Kanji Kana Meaning

r çĪ! stroll tJ "ħġċī review

{Ě æīğħ commuting Ê ġĘĢ work; job

ÜĚ óċīğħ study abroad — őŐōŎŏ part-time work

ñ XĪĕ phone call

 Adjectival nouns

Kanji Kana Meaning Kanji Kana Meaning

ãù ÈĤ bad at; unskilled  «ĪÝī poor

åĒ ĥģĒ same Kp ĞYĠ nice; good-looking

|ĉ ġēĕĉ happy

 Adverbs

Kanji Kana Meaning

— ôĢ far more

Stage 1-7 (Workbook 1) 215

 Adjectives

Kanji Kana Meaning Kanji Kana Meaning

? *=? low ? ?,? painful

? ;9? round ? ::? large number

? 6>? young .? <=.? small number

 Verbs

Kanji Kana Polite form

-form Meaning

49 :349 :34;< :347 teach; inform; show

29 /29 /2;< /27 show

= 8= 88;< 8?7 ask

(>59 !-6(>59 >5;< >57 make a phone call

:1<= :.>1<= <8;< <?7 be hungry

1>6=  1>6= >68;< >6?7 be thirsty

 Shapes

Kanj Kana Meaning Kanji Kana Meaning

 3>= square (noun)  %->= triangle

? 3>=? square (adjective)  $4-5? oval

 #+0+5? rectangle

 Body parts

Kanji Kana Meaning

 *,? forehead

 0:0"'casual cheek

 ;);)& eyebrow

Supplementary Vocabulary

216 Stage 1-7 (Workbook 1)

Kanji Kana Meaning

ĀæÚ Āæı eyelashes

ùÃ Yħ« wrist

 īX arm

 ø chest

 Ćġ waist

 ġó hip

C "ĢĈĈ thigh

— "ħÒčÞ calf

ÍÃ ēġħ« ankle

 Words for

×Ĭ «Č

× - «İ is a generic term that is used to refer to all the fingers. The specific name for each finger

is as follows.

Kanji Kana Meaning Kanji Kana Meaning

I× ĥð « thumb āġ× ûĢçġ « index finger

đ× ģĦ « middle finger ½× ħĞó « ring finger

× Ć « little finger Íü× ēġü « toe

½×ĬħĞó «Č

literally means “medicine finger.” Medicine in Japan used to be in powdered form,

and the ring finger was often used to test the medicine.

 Expressions with body parts

There are quite a few expressions with body parts that are used frequently, some of which are

shown below.

êĬēĤĀČğuĬĕ¡Čĩ stupid (literally, “a bad head”)

êĬēĤĀČėÓĬħČ¡ get upset (literally, [something] “comes to the head”)

¥ĬòòČğzĬĢĥČĩ hard-of-hearing (literally, “far ears”)

¥ĬòòČėĞ¡ hear

¿ĬVČğuĬĕ¡Čĩ bad eyesight (literally, “bad eyes”)

¿ĬVČėĞ¡ see; notice

Stage 1-8 Plain Forms of Predicates

Step 1

This chapter focuses on forms, so no new vocabulary items are introduced except for a few that are

necessary for the rules of the conjugations.

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding sections, Stage 1-8.1 (1) through (3), in the Grammar Textbook first.

(1) The goal of this section; (2) Polite forms; (3) Plain forms

When do you use the plain and polite forms?

Plain: (1) in speaking

(2) in writing

Polite: (1) in speaking

(2) in writing

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding sections, Stage 1-8.2 (1) and (2), in the Grammar Textbook first.

(1) Base forms; (2) Verb grouping

1. From what are all conjugations of predicates derived?

2. What are the base forms of the following predicates?

Č$Nominal Predicates: ²

Äÿü

êþ

Ûā

ßā

7Ãç

ē Adjectival Predicates: ïþ

öäĀ

êÅ

òÑ

Ă7Ãç

Ē Verbal Predicates: Ëþ

øüÿ

ûþ

Ûā

ëØ

öéÃç

3. We can tell, with very few exceptions, what group each verb belongs to by its base form. The

following are some of the verbs that have been introduced up to this point. Identify the group

number (the ones with * are those that cannot be identified by the forms; that is, they look as if

1: Different Speech Styles of Predicates

2: Preparation for Conjugating Plain Predicates

218 Stage 1-8 (Workbook 1)

they are group 1, but actually they belong to group 2). The verbs that consist of a kanji compound

noun plus Ã¨ are not listed here.

Verb Group # Verb Group # Verb Group #

Äý¨ êîó¨ Ăô

ýæ¨ * ø¨ Ã¨

ýô ðö¨ à¨

ÿĖ¨ ÏÑ ¨

öô ·Ñ ·¨

ýĀ êîÃ ýô

ýÓ¨ ÞÃ ô¨

7ö¨ Ă¨ ìô

7¨ ýĀ ìýĀ

ü¨ * ĂÐüĔ¨ ø¨

Ö¨ ôÞò¨ âĀ

ĂÿÞô ÃÑ ÖÃÑ

éì öíæ¨ ĂĀ

ìô¨ Ă¨ * ¨

îô êĂ¨ * ÃÄ¨

ðôs¨ øÓ¨ øô

ü¨ üé¨ êß¨

êßé¨ ðæ¨ ðÄ¨

ðüæ¨ ó¨ ø¨ô

êü¨ * øĀ ýý¨

4. Even when you do not know or have not learned the verbs, you can still conjugate them except

for a few group 2 verbs that look like group 1 verbs that are exceptions (noted by * in the above

chart). Try the following verbs that you have not learned yet.

Stage 1-8 (Workbook 1) 219

Verb Group # Verb Group # Verb Group #

ð·ĕ ýÃ àÑ¨

üč ö¨ * ö¨

ùĀ ÏĖ¨ ðí¨

òÄĕ òÃ Ï¨

CONFIRMATION

Read the corresponding section, Stage 1-8.3, in the Grammar Textbook first.

1. Change the following sentences into the plain forms.

Č$²

Äÿü

êíÏÚ

÷Ð



íĀ

ÏÚã

÷ôóĂ

7Ãç

ē$øÏ%

ý

Ï

÷

ßý

Ăá

åù

êù³âösĂ7Ãç

Ē$íÏþ

Ûā

Ï

üäĀ

óì

êù³ân

ðâ

ü|

Ă7Ãç

đ$ísêù³ân

ðâ

ü|

Ă

üäĀ

óì

7Ãç

#$²

Äÿü

ÏF

øà

ê»o

Ăàā

û±

ÞĂ

÷ô

ėP

¬ì

zäĀ

üéÃç

"$¿Ç

ùâÞõ

êâĀÃĕ»

éÃç

Đ$²

Äÿü

êËþ

øüÿ

ûM

ôë

ëÈ

ýæ

éÃç

!$íÏ¼

æĂ

Ï2

üä

êè





ëĂĂ7Ãç

PRODUCTION

2. Express the following in Japanese, using the plain predicates (if it helps, you can translate them

into polite forms first, and then express them in the plain forms).

Č That foreign student is really rich.

ē Jones-san is really good at speaking Japanese.

Ē The food in Japan is good.

đ The population in China is very large.

# I have a stomachache.

" I will teach English to Japanese students next year.

Đ I will work at the college library starting next month.

3: Plain Positive Imperfectives