Suk-in Chang. Modern Conversational Korean

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50

Modern

Conversational

Korean

Pronunciation

of

Double

Consonants

with

Pach'im

1)

Read

the

following

words:

77

XX

7*~

Initial

^

pheasant

*£

daughter

*S-

bread

*&

rice

^

spare

time

Medial

*4

71

♦

^t^l-4

Final

to

bind

m

out;

outside

•

to

be

distinct.

•

delight

speech

&4-

to

be

nice

and

•

salty

out

side

to

exist

2)

Writing

order

of

the

syllables:

l

2

3

4

*

1

C

-Ml

XX.

3)

Writing

practice:

1

2

3

rg-

5E^*]-4

>]^.

o]4

»J.^

Of

T"

1

V21*

>^^>

Ol

Tli

T3J.M,

51

11.

Jf-

^

Request

Mrs.

Kang's

place

is

a

mess.

ajumoni

(Note

30)

to

be

tired

Are

you

tired

now,

ajumoni?

—not

(Note

31)

why

to

be

so;

(be)

like

that

(Note

32)

No,

I'm

not

tired.

Why

do

you

ask

(like

that)?

cleaning;

sweeping

a

little

(Note

33)

request,

favor

(Note

34)

Please

clean

(the

room)

for

me.

Yes,

please

wait

a

minute.

Grammar

Notes

Note30.

^V^HM

aunt/

°>*M

uncle

A)

These

terms

refer

not

only

to

a

relative

but

to:

1.

any

person

older

than

yourself

to

whom

you

feel

close,

such

as

your

parent's

friend.

2.

someone

whom

you

do

not

know

but

for

whom

other

titles

such

as

*&s$^

or

*V-S-^

are

inappropriate.

A

peddler

in

the

market,

one's

cook,

or

one's

driver

are

called

6V^HM

or

Note

31.

VS

+

*1

&c+

negative

ending

-

*]

(negative

verb

suffix)

plus

S^(not)

52

Modern

Conversational

Korean

As

seen

in

Lessons

4

and

9

the

verbs

to

be

(

°\*\

and

SA^f)

have

the

two

negative forms,

°M4

and

&*+.

Most

other

negative

declarative

and

interrogative

statements

may

use

VS+

*]

Examples:

o>n.^|

&°K2_.

I'm

not

sick.

°l

^j^-c:

^*1

&°KS-.

These

aren't

good

matches.

7\*\

&*}£-.

He/She

doesn't

go

to

school

today.

°K8-.

(I)

don't

read

the

newspaper.

MO

Honorifics

for

this

pattern

are

formed

as

follows:

VS4(-£.)4

+

Examples:

7\x\*\

&*Ka_.

He/She

doesn't

go.

tl-^1*)

$&*}£-.

He/She

doesn't

read.

&°K3-.

Mr.

Kim

doesn't

come.

?iol--2-.

He/She

doesn't

say

any

thing.

The

pattern

—

*|

?Jcf

can

also

be

reversed

and

expressed

as

<>}■

VS

(t)

4

or

dJ

VS

4

.S.

/

>a

u|

cf

(see

Lesson

9).

Examples:

sf)

Negative

forms

are

interspersed

thoughout

this

book.

We

have

already

seen

oH1}

(Lesson

4),

&4

and

°i

(Lesson

9).

Two

other

frequently

encountered

negative

forms

are

given

below:

1.

The

imperative

form

°J;t+

,

is

an

auxiliary

verb

and

the

basic

form

becomes

VS+

*1

^4

as

in

°J:*W

°M1

-2-

(Please

don't

talk)

and

*+*l

"Ml-S-

(Please

don't

ride).

2.

*

is

an

adverb

with

the

meaning

of

cannot

The

basic

sentence

pattern

here

is

VS+

*|

^h1}*

as

in

AA^-%r

SM

*«H-S-

[(I)

can't

read

the

newspaper].

*^nJ-l:

*«fl^-

[(I)

can't

speak

Korean].

Note

32.

^4

descriptive

verb

to

be

so;

(be) like

that;

(be)

that

way

A)

Descriptive

verbs

can

be

used

in

the

present,

future,

and

past

tenses

and

in

the

declarative,

interrogative

and

exclamatory

forms.

Lesson

11

53

*+)

Descriptive

verbs

are

used

in

imperative

or

propositive

sentences

mainly

in

the

adverbial

form.

^B

^L^cf

is

the

contraction

of

ji^^)-^.

Basic

Forms

Contractions

Meanings

Adverbials

like this

like

that

like

that

over

there

how

is,

somehow

The

expression

sfl

.ilsHIJL

as

given

in

the

dialogue

is

actually

a

contraction

of

sfl

.

Note

33.

#•

adverb

a

little;

please.

A)

The

context

or

situation

determines

which

of

the

above

meanings

is

applicable.

Examples:

SM-3-.

(We) have

some

matches.

Please

have

an

apple.

Note

34.

^-^t

noun

request,

favor

7>)

This

noun

is

often

combined

with

-s}^

to

form

a

verb.

It

may

be

used

as

a

greeting

as

in

today's

lesson,

in

which

case

it

has

the

very

general

meaning

of

"Please

give

me

guidance."

*+)

-t-^

is

frequently

used

in

ordinary

conversation

where

a

request

is

really

being

made.

Examples:

Please

give

me

some

cold

water.

Please

teach

me

English.

Please

teach

me

Korean.

Pattern

Practice

Additional

Vocabulary

tlir^-

to

be

laborious

^«1]

tobacco

oj-.H.cf

to

be

sick

<<$*£

matches

*l-*«Lcf

to

be

busy

^*1

wastepaper;

toilet

tissue

review

1**m-

to

speak

54

Modern

Conversational

Korean

s

:

2)

°>i£t+

3)

2.

JL71

:

nj^i-4

s,:

1)

tl^

2)

oj-n/cf

3)

ttl-JGL

3

.

JL7l

:

^4:

S,

:

^^

S2

:

ofl,

1)

^fl

2)

W

3)

s,

S,

2)

o^^/ti^^cf

3)

Consonant

Clusters

as

PachHm

Consonant

clusters

occur

only

as

pach'im.

Between

vowels

both

con

sonants

are

pronounced

but

when

they

are

final

sounds

or

when

they

are

followed

by

another

consonant,

ta

becomes

1

,

ha

becomes

o

,

w*

becomes

l

,

and

ei,

sti,

a*, be,

become

e

.

1)

Read

the

following

words:

Syllable

Ending

Followed

by

a

Consonant

Followed

by

a

Vowel

portion

*d5L

also

spirit

^o\

the

spirit

price

&i+

is

not

(here)

#o|

the

price

Lesson

11

55

1st

birthday

sit

and

#p\

sitting

to

scratch

%\o\

scratching

to

be

short

^J-o).

short

1st

birthday

and

^^|

the

first

birthday

to

lick

and

$t°V

licking

2)

Writing

order:

1

2

3

4

i

*

■e

JS.

JE.

O

3)

Writing

practice:

1

2

3

a

a

a

a

4

4

4

4

*

#

°V

o>

o>

If

ft

#4

1+4

1+4

1+4

56

12.

<H^

7H1-3-?

Where

Are

You

Going?

Dr.

Kim

and

Dr.

Yi

are

both

waiting

at

the

taxi

stand.

-

o))

at,

to,

in

(Note

35)

o|

the

surname

Yi

«M-

doctor

(Ph.D.)

(Note

36)

(°fl)

?MI-3-.

o]

*$*}*£

?

Where

are

you

going

Dr. Yi?

3]

-T-T-

Ministry

of

Foreign

Affairs

7}&.

rm

going

to

the

Ministry

of

Foreign

Affairs.

-6\]A]

at,

in

(Note

37)

<^

work

-&>>Hl-SL?

Do

you

work

there?

7\

7} a]

[7]

7]

°\]

a\

)

at,

there

(Note

38)

meeting

No.

I'm

attending a

meeting

there.

(Lit:

No.

There's

a

meeting

there).

Grammar

Notes

Note

35.

-°fl

particle

at,

in,

to

?})•

While

-ofl

as

a

time

particle

will

be

studied

in

Lesson

32,

in

the

present

lesson

-

<>fl

as

a

place

or

location

particle

is

presented.

Examples:

7>Jl.

I

am

going

to

the

market.

Si^iL.

(It)

is

in

the

hand

bag.

<H

^

°fl

7f^L

?

Where

are

you

going?

Lesson

12

57

Note

36.

*M-

noun

Ph.D.

7\)

«M-^

is

the

title

for

a holder

of

the

Ph.D.

degree.

4)

The

title

for

a

medical

doctor

is

4

Note

37.

-°\]*]

particle

at,

in;

from

7\)

The

particle

-<H]>H

,

depending

on

the

context

or

situation,

has

several

quite

different

uses:

1)

Indication

of

the

location

where

an

action

is

taking

place.

Here

the

particle

-<HH

is

attached

to

the

noun

and

is

always

followed

by

an

active

verb.

Examples:

<H-S_.

I

eat

at

home.

*+*fl-a-.

I

study

at

school.

<&■§■

*H-S-.

I'm

working

at

the

office.

2)

Indication

of

a

starting

point;

from

.

. .

Examples:

I

came

from

America.

lxm--S-.

I

will

leave

(from)

my

house

at

three

o'clock.

Note

38.

>\7]

adverb;

pronoun

there

7\)

°i7]t7l7l

and

^7]

all

have

to

do

with

place.

<H^1

means

here,

7\ 7]

means

there,

and

*17]

means

over

there.

H-)

0^7]

is

either

an

adverb

or

pronoun.

When

the

subject

particle

is

attached

to

<H

7]

I

t\

7]

I

x\

7]

it

is

a

pronoun.

In

all

other

cases

it is

an

adverb.

Examples:

<*)

7]

7}

o]

v\

6\]

&.

?

What

(place)

is

this?

<H

71-fe-

^

*o)ofli.

This

(place)

is

Seoul.

<*M

8Jt-S->flA.

Sit

here,

please.

7]

7]

31

a\]

a.

Please

stay

there.

^f)

The

final

syllable

of

place

pronouns

may

form

a

contraction

with

the

particle

which

follows

it:

The

syllable

-<H]

may

sometimes

be

omitted

from

-°fl>H

as

shown

in

the

following

examples:

58

Modern

Conversational

Korean

(at,

in,

from)

there

(at,

in,

from)

here

(at,

in,

from)

over

there

(at,

in,

from)

Taegu

(at,

in,

from)

America

Additional

Vocabulary

7<J-^lil

lecture

room

Pattern

Practice

*r#iJ

operating

room

in.*ril

faculty

room

4-f^S

office

^

sleep

l.

2-7)

:

o]

«|a>^

s,:

s.:

a

company;

a firm

do

office

work

refreshments;

snacks

a

kitchen

to

sleep

?

*1

nM-id.

2.

1)

1)

2)

S

:

2)

s.:

3)

3)

3)

4.

Lesson

12

59

2)

3)

Consonant

Clusters

As

Pach'im

The

following

clusters

take

the

pronunciation

of

the

final

consonant,

i.e.

the

clusters

ct,

ot, ea,

and

«i

take

the

final

sounds

~»

,

u,

w

,

and

a,

respectively.

1)

Pronunciation

of

consonant

clusters:

hen

life

chicken

house

ft"°

(even)

life

H*

to

step

&K

to

recite

(a

poem)

the

chicken

the

life

steps

recites

2)

Writing

order

of

the

syllables:

1

2

3

4

#

4

^

o

I1-

#■