Suk-in Chang. Modern Conversational Korean
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Tables
And
Figures
Tables
1.
Approximate
Pronunciation
Of
Vowels
2
2.
Pronunciation
Of
Consonants.
3
3.
Some
Syllables
With
More
Than
One
Consonant
4
4.
Korean
Parts
Of
Speech.
5
5.
Examples
Of
Honorific
And
Humble
Speech
6
6.
Examples
Of
Verb
Endings
7
7.
Complexity
Of
Korean
Phonemes
332
8.
Condensed
Table
For
The
Vocalization
Of
Korean
Vowels
333
ft.
Articulation
Of
Consonants
333
10.
Condensed
Table
For
Articulation
Of
Korean
Consonants
335
Figures
1.
Vocal
Apparatus
331
2.
Triangular
Representation
Of
Vowels
332
8.
Condensed
Table
For
The
Vocalization
Of
Korean
Vowels
333
9.
Articulation
Of
Consonants
333
10.
Condensed
Table
For
Articulation
Of
Korean
Consonants.
335
xi
Guide
To
Pronunciation
Pronunciation
of
the
Basic
Vowels
10
Pronunciation
of
the
Basic
Consonants
.
-i
i-
n
a
14
.U
&
A
O
X
19
.
x
=7
^
s:
-3T
24
Pronunciation
of
Complex
Vowels
27
fl
fl
A
-H
-rl
-4
•
28
fl
H
-H
Jl
^
32
Pronunciation
of
Double
Consonants
37
Pachi'm
(Prop
Consonants)
42
-i
-
o
43
*-*
,
47
Pronunciation
of
Double
Consonants
with
Pach'im 50
Consonants
Clusters
as
Pach'im
,
TA
HA
V*
21
W
E*
BE
I
54
?i
^
9i
st
59
Distinguishing
Similar
Vowels
fl 11
64
>
i
and
-u
69
1
-r
and
-
71
=1
-ir
--1
4
and
-A]
76
_)
80
-H
83
xiii
Distinguishing
Similar
Consonants
tJ
■
hh
m
87
-i
77
=7
89
n
ix
h
93
;*
^
*
96
a
^
.
99
a
.104
Phonemic
Assimilation
Consonant
Assimilation
106
Consonant
Assimilation
109
Consonant
Assimilation
113
Consonant
Assimilation
116
Consonant
Assimilation
120
Fortisation
(Changes
Producing
Tense
Sounds)
-i
—►tt
n—+tx.
&
-*mj
122
a
—►>*
;*
-*^
126
Sound
Changes
Producing
Aspiration
*
129
Palatalization
133
Changes
in
Lateral
(W
e)
Sounds.
137
Harmony
of
Sounds
139
Contractions
139
Dropping
Sounds
Dropping
Vowels
142
Dropping
Consonants
143
Dropping
Consonants
^
147
Adding
Sounds
150
Changes
in
Initial
Sounds
155
Elongation
of
Vowels
157
xiv
Foreword
This
is
a
book
which
is
addressed
to
a
very
important
task,
that
of
aiding
foreign
residents
of
Korea
in
the
acquisition
of
the
language
of
this
country.
Many
persons
who
come
to
live
here
don't
want
to
spend
all
their
time
with
fellow
expatriates
or
the
well-beaten
paths
of
urban
centers.
Many
would
like
to
say
a
few
words
in
the
market
or
on
the
tele
phone.
Others
would
like
to
strike
out
on
their
own
to
visit
places
of
cultural
and
historical
interest.
Curiosity
about
one's
surroundings
also
leads
foreign
residents
to
an
acute
need
for
communication
skills.
There
has
been
a
need
for
an
introductory
textbook
for
persons
who
are
in
terested
in
Korean
conversation
but
are
unable
to
enroll
full
time
in
a
language
institute.
This
excellent
language
text
by
Prof.
Chang
fills
this
requirement
admirably.
It
is
also
expected
that
second
and
third
generation
Koreans
living
overseas
will
find
this
work
of
inestimable
value.
The
approach
to
pro
nunciation
and
sentence
structure
will
be
useful
to
young
people
and
adults
in
their
attempt
to
maintain
an
affinity
with
the
thought
patterns
and communication
styles
of
their
fatherland.
The
educational
approach
and
comprehensive
nature
of
this
work
is
impressive.
Not
only
the
dialogues,
but
also
the
grammar
notes,
pronun
ciation
practice,
and
the
excercises
provide
a
framework
for
progress
towards
the
goal
of
a
working
ability
in
Korean
in
everyday
life!
Learning
a
new
language
shows you
that
nouns
and
verbs
and
adjec
tives
can
be
put
together
in
many
different
ways.
One
way
in
English,
another
way
in
Korean.
This
makes
language
study
interesting
and
strenuous.
Be
sure
to
practice
speaking
whenever
you
can;
even
if
you
can't
find
someone
to
speak
Korean
with,
talk
to
yourself
in
a
mirror
1
If
you
begin
to
study
one
more
language,
you
will
come
to
have
a
xv
wider
vision
for
your
life.
With
this
in
mind,
I
sincerely
hope
that
you
will
practice
Korean
every
day,
every
week,
every
year.
If
you
keep
on
doing
this,
you
will
do
it
better
and
better.
Be
sure
to
practice
speaking
whenever
you
can.
Even
if
the
words
don't
sound
exactly
right,
please
don't
stop.
Remember
it
takes
a
long
time
to
learn
a
new
language,
but
if
you
work
hard,
Korean
will
really
become
your
"second
language."
Yonsei
University
Sungkyu
Cho
Seoul,
Korea
Director
Korean
Language
Institute
xvi
Preface
In
her
twenty
years
of
teaching
Korean
to
foreign
residents
of
The
Land
of
the
Morning
Calm,
the
author
has
seen
them
develop
close
relationships
with
Koreans
as
their
ability
to
communicate
improved
with
the
ability
to
talk
with
Koreans
in
all
walks
of
life.
Instead
of
reliance
on
an
interpreter,
the
ability
to
communicate
directly in
Korean
gives
one
a
feeling
of
self-confidence
and
helps
one
get
along
directly in
everyday
life
as
well
as
in
professional
relations.
As
one
foreign
resident of
Korea
has
put
it,
"Every
word
you
know
is
useful."
Furthermore,
the
response
of
Koreans
is
generally
quite
positive.
After
conducting
his
first
staff
meeting,
the
new
director
of
a
foreign
agency
in
Korea
overheard
two
of
his
secretaries
saying,
"My
that
was
a
good
meeting;
and
the
best
thing
of
all
was
that
at
the
end,
the
director said
'komap-sumnida'
(thank
you)
in
Korean!"
This
book
is
written
at
the
request
of
the
Korean
Language
Institute
(K.L.I.)
of
Yonsei
University.
It
is
written
for
foreigners
who
have
only
a
short
time
in
which
to
study
the
Korean
language.
With
this
in
mind,
the
author
of
this
text
has
concentrated
on
practical,
useful
con
versation
found
in
modern
Korea.
Each
lesson
is
designed
for
one
clock
hour
of
study.
Specifically,
the
organization
of
the
text
consists
of
groups
of
5
lessons:
four
lessons
of
mostly
new
material
followed
by
one
lesson
of
review.
Thus,
if
the
student
spent
one
hour
a
day
for
five
days
a
week,
it
would
take
18
weeks
(the
equivalent
of
one
semester)
to
finish
the
90
lessons
which
comprise
the
body
of
this
book.
Each
lesson
consists
of
a
dialogue,
grammar
notes,
pattern
practice,
and
(for
the
first
40
lessons)
pronunciation.
The
dialogue,
which
comes
first
in
each
lesson,
is
designed
to
include
conversation
appropriate
to
various
circumstances
in
which
the
foreign
resident
of
Korea
might
find
him/herself.
The
author
has
specifically
attempted
to
include
brief,
interesting,
and
useful
material
in
the
dialogue;
material
which
xvii
can
be
heard
and
used
in
the
student's
day
by
day
life
in
Korea.
Such
practical
matters
as
using
the
telephone,
shopping
in
the
market,
and
greeting
one's
friends
and
acquaintances
are
treated
more
than
once,
with
the
simple,
more
basic
matters
treated
earlier,
and
more
complex
and
difficult
material
occuring
later
in
the
text.
The
earlier
lessons
also
include
Romanization
of
the
Korean.
However,
dependence
on
Romanization
can
easily
become
a
handicap
later,
and
the
author
emphasizes
the
importance
of
learning
Korean
from
hangul
(the
Korean
alphabet),
which
is
not
very
difficult
to
learn.
The
Romanization
should
be
used
only
as
a
rough
guide
to
pronunciation,
while
attention
is
focussed
mainly
on
the
hangul
and
on
verbal
communication.
Each
new
dialogue
contains
some
new
vocabulary
and
grammar.
These
are
discussed
in
the
section
on
grammar
notes.
However,
not
every
student
of
Korean
is
a
grammarian.
The
sections
on
grammar
labelled
"Words
and
Phrases"
may
simply
be
studied
as
a
review
of
words
and
sentence
patterns
with
the
more
technical
grammatical
aspects
left
to
the
instructor.
The
first
lessons
do
not
treat
specific
grammar
to
any
large
extent;
rather,
phrases
are
presented.
An
attempt
has
also
been
made
to
limit
the
amount
of
professional
linguistic
jargon
in
relation
to
grammar.
Most
explanations
are
given
in
everyday
language
with
which
the
student
is
likely
to
be
familiar.
In
order
to
put
the
language
into
cultural
context
to
the
greatest
possible
extent,
some
of
the
vocabulary
is
also
discussed
in
the
section
on
grammar.
Because
some
of
the
students
may
be
studying
alone
without
the
benefit
of
a
native
speaker,
the
author
has
given
extensive
discussion
to
many
of
the
grammatical
forms
encountered
in
the
dialogues.
The
value
of
the
grammar
notes
is
that
the
student
is
enabled
to
find
connections
and
to
see
how
different
parts
of
the
language
fit
together.
The
third
section
of
the
lessons
in
this
text
consists
of
pattern
prac
tice.
Here,
the
student
is
given
new
vocabulary
and
4-6
exercises
designed
to
consolidate
learnings
from
the
the
dialogue
through
substi
tution
practice,
questions
and
answers,
matching,
etc.
After
this,
the
student
needs
to
use
the
material
in
a
meaningful
way
to
produce
his/
her
own
social
intercourse.
Opportunity
for
this
is
provided
by
role
playing
exercises,
pictures,
etc.
as
a
stimulus
to
conversation.
A
fourth
section
on
pronunciation
is
included
in
lessons
one
through
forty.
It
is
the
author's
experience
that
pronunciation
needs
to
be
emphasized
from
the
very
beginning.
A
combination
of
hearing
from
a
xviii
native
speaker
and
of
learning
from
the
explanations
given
in
this
text
is
the
most
beneficial
means
to
the
acquisition
of
Korean
pronuncia
tion.
It
was
not
possible
to
do
without
professional
linguistic
vocabulary
in
this
section.
Reference
to
the
diagrams
in
the
Appendix
should
help
students
to
understand
the
mechanics
of
pronunciation.
In
addition
to
practice
of
the
individual
sounds
of
the
Korean
language,
practice
of
these
sounds
as
they
occur
in
Korean
words
is
given.
While
the
English
translation
of
these
words
is
given,
the
student
need
not
remember
all
the
vocabulary
in
this
section;
just
practicing
the
pro
nunciation
of
the
words
is
sufficient.
The
first
lessons
also
include
a
section
on
writing.
The
general
principle
is
to
make
the
strokes
from
top
to
bottom
and
from
left
to
right.
This
applies
not
only
to
the
letters
of
the
alphabet
but
also
to
the
syllabic
clusters
of
Korean
words.
The
review
lessons
are
very
much
like
the
exercises
in
the
pattern
practice
except
that
some
practice
in
reading
is
included
from
Lesson
55.
A
further
word
on
the
linguistic
terminology
used
in
this
text:
While
all
professional
jargon
could
not
be
replaced,
a
definite
attempt
was
made
in
this
direction.
In
the
attempt
to
simplify
explanations,
the
author has
even
devised
new
terminology
in
a
few
cases.
A
case
in
point
is
the
word
insert
which
is
found
from
time
to
time
in
the
grammar
notes.
I
am
obliged
to
many
friends
and
former
students
for their
en
couragement
and
counsel.
Particularly,
I
want
to
thank
Helen
R.
Tieszen
of
Yonsei
University
for
helping
with
the
translation
into
English;
without
her
continued
assistance,
this
book
could
not
have
been
completed.
I
am
also
grateful
to
Edward
Klein,
Basil
M.
Price,
Sean
Goldrick,
and
Ruth
and
James
Grayson
who
read
the
manuscript
and
made
many
useful
suggestions.
I
wish
to
cite
Cho,
Song-kyo,
Director
of
the
JCorean
Language
In
stitute
as
well
as
the
K.L.I..staff
as
a
whole,
particularly
Kim
Un-suk,
Yi
Kyu-hui,
Yim
Myong-ja,
Hong
Kyong-p'yo, Paik
Bong-ja,
Son
Yon-
ja
and
Yi
Hui-kyong.
Appreciation
is
also
extended
to
Sue
Bae
of
the
Royal
Asiatic
Society,
Korea
Branch
for
her
encouragement
and
to
Kim
Jin-wang
and
the
staff
of
the
Seoul
Computer
Press
who
under
took
the
publication
of
this
book.
Seoul,
Korea
Suk-in
Chang
July
1982
xix