Suk-in Chang. Modern Conversational Korean

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140

36.

<>1

^ft!:

^4

Strange

Customs

Mr.

Doe,

unfamiliar

with

Korean

customs,

was

about

to

walk

onto

an

ondol

floor

with

his

shoes

on.

M°<t

The

West

-

-f-

plural

suffix

(Note

102)

^1

shoes

-^l^

put

on

one's

shoes

Do

Westerners

wear

shoes

even

inside

aroom?

common,

usual

how;

in

what

way

(Note

103)

l

°11-9-.

tH^W-fc-

Yes,

we

usually do.

How

is

it

in

Korea?

"n"

just;

always

to

take

off

In

Korea

we

always

take

off

our

shoes.

Really?

Excuse

my

rudeness.

Grammar

Notes

Note

102.

-1-

plural

suffix

7\)

The

singular

and

plural

are

often

not

distinguished

in

Korean.

That

is,

if

the

general

meaning

is

clear,

most

Korean

nouns

do

not

distinguish

between

singular

and

plural.

4)

However,

-ir

may

be

suffixed

to

nouns,

particles,

or

adverbs

to

indicate

the

plural.

Examples:

^

book

*J}-i-

books

*\-^it

person

^^-f-

people

Lesson

36

141

Where

are

you

going?

+^**

^^-^

^^K

We

are

going

home.

We/They

are

going

to

the

office.

We/They

have

come

from

Pusan.

We/They

are

writing

with

pencils.

Please

sleep.

Note

103.

H^^f

irregular

descriptive

verb

how:

in

what

way

A)

Some

but

not

all

descriptive

verbs

ending

in

-s-

are

irregular

in

that

the

final

*

is

dropped

in

certain

contexts.

That

is,

when

the

verb

stem

is

followed

by

i-,

n, e,

o

and

A,

the

-&

is

dropped

and/or

replaced

by

the

second

consonant.

Examples:

BV

Meaning

-u

-p

-e

-o

-

A

how

(is)

like

that

(is)

like

that

(is)

like this

(is)

red

(is)

yellow

(is)

white

(is)

black

(is)

blue

H-)

There

are,

however,

regular

verbs

ending

in

*

which

never

change

their

stems,

such

as:

good

^S^-

all

right

much

4&

^

disagreeable

put

in:

take

in

^^f

put:

lay

down

Pattern

Practice

Additional

Vocabulary

-S-°j=

the

Orient

^H-^

Canada

Europe

^jA)

sl

Mexico

the

Middle

East

^l^r^t

to

wash

one's

face

England;

the

British

Isles

4

mountain

142

Modern

Conversational

Korean

1)

2.

3.

JL7]:

s

:

2)

s,:

2)

2)

4.

Add

the

plural

suffix.

2)

3)

3)

4*

3)

s

:

3)

.

s

:

Dropping

Sounds

Dropping

Vowek.

In

the following

examples

repetitious

°\,

and

dl

phonemes

are

dropped.

UJ-

went

7}°}a]—>7}a-

stood

A]

°]

*]-+

A]A

wrote

*±o]a]—>^a-

poured

^-°]

-*^

to

be

broken

*fl

<H

*\

—*^fl

A

to

be

pierced

«fl

<H

—^1

mind;

heart

41-

-^

►c^|

ty u|

77}

?

where

is

it

^^^^f

it

is

there

►aa^jiJi+

it

is

here

]

go

and

then...

1

stand

and

then...

)

write

and

then...

pouring

(gerund)

]

break

and

then

take

apart

next

Lesson

36

143

Dropping

Consonants.

In

recent

times,

the

spelling

of

many

words

has

been

changed

so

that

it

is

more

in

keeping

with

pronounciation.

Some

are

included

here

in

their

primary

form

along

with

recent

spell

ing

because

it

often

helps

the

student

to

memorize

compounds

when

the

parts

can

be

recognized

separately.

1)

Dropping

s

:

Separate

Parts

New

Spelling

Meaning

pine

♦

fire

i}-

shovel

*Hrsky

^

honorific

suffix

«}-*

needle

ll

work

(familiar)

*%;

daughter

^

honorific

suffix

°Hr

son

M

honorific

suffix

pine

tree

shovel

for

hot

ashes

God

sewing

honorable

daughter

honorable

son

144

37.

4]

*1

Location

Mary

Jones

can't

find

the

paste,

and

her

ruler

has

also

been

mis

placed.

paste;

starch

Where

is

the

paste?

above,

on

(Note

104)

paper

It's

on

the

desk

and

(some)

paper

and

a

dictionary

are

also

on

the

desk.

inside

ruler

Is

there a

ruler inside

the

desk?

no

(Note

105)

eraser

paper

No,

there

isn't

any

ruler,

but

there

is

an

eraser

and

some

stationery.

Grammar

Notes

Note

104.

£|

noun

above,

on

7\)

This

is

one

of

.the

nouns

indicating

location

or

position.

Other

nouns

denoting

location

are

given

below:

°\-^H

below,

under,

underneath,

beneath

^

the

very

bottom,

under

°sk

before,

front,

in

front

of

^

behind,

back

7l"9:t11

center,

between

Lesson

37

145

A}°]

between

*S

beside,

side,

next

to

7A

beside

(a

person)

*&

the

inside

(of

something

spacious),

the

interior

^

inside

(of

something

small),

the

interior,

the

depths,

the

heart

tJ"

outside

Location

nouns

are frequently

used

with

such

particles

as

o\]

,

Examples:

->H]_3-.

Please

come

forward.

&M-B-.

It's

in

the

center.

*J)

Afo|^i^

^c^^l.

(I)

saw

it

between

the

books.

cf)

o\dj\

and

*ti

are

very

similar

and

often

used

interchangeably,

but

*ti

refers

to

the

very

bottom and

*>}${

simply

means

under

or

underneath.

°}&H

noun

1.

the

lower

part;

the

bottom;

the

foot;

the

base.

2.

lower,

following,

below,

under

^

noun

1.

the

lower

part;

the

foot;

the

base;

the

bottom

Examples:

lower

part

of

a

mountain

bottom

of

the

sea

under

the

desk

Note

105.

°>i-l-2-

exclamation

no

7\)

For

positive

questions,

the

useage

of

the

words

^]

and

6W^-

are

the

same

as

the

English

Yes

and

No

(Lessons

1

&

4),

but

when

the

question

is

stated

in

negative

form,

the

response

pattern

is

com

pletely

different

from

the

English

where

yes

and

no

affirm

or

deny

the

facts

themselves.

In

Korean

however,

ofl

means

that

one

agrees

with

the

negative

portion

of

the

question

and

means

one

disagrees.

Examples:

Positive

Questions:

Q:

*]-t-4H1

7j-q

7?\

?

Are

you

going

to

the

office?

A:

<

^l-^^i^]

7j.qcf.

Yes,

I'm

going

to

the

office.

*}jt-/£.°\]

°J:

7J-M^f.

No,

I'm

not

going

to

the

office.

146

Modern

Conversational

Korean

Negative

Questions:

Q:

^I-^^chI

7}x)

S^M

77}

?

Aren't

you

going

to

the

office?

A:

<

4-¥-^oii

7\7]

^^q^f.

No,

I'm

not

going

to

the

office.

dWA,

4+iN

#M4.

Yes,

I'm

going

to

the

office.

M-)

The

English

yes

and

no

are

as

difficult

for

a

Korean

learning

English

as

the

Korean

<*fl

and

°W^-

are

for

Americans

and

Europeans.

Therefore,

it

is

always

wise

to

reconfirm

the

response

with

a

full

statement.

Pattern

Practice

Additional

Vocabulary

Q

a

blackboard

^r^i

a

handkerchief

scissors

4M-S-

■

a

waste

basket

a

purse;

a

pocket

dL^7}%-

a

garbage

can

health

^-5-(*l-4)

to

bathe

sea;

ocean

1)

^/^^/-f^

2)

2.

1)

^^J: 2)

+41

3)

*l

/

■?■■¥■

/

+4

3.

Jt7|:

sq*j-^/;4

s,:

]

7}

2)

^^^^/*^l

3)

4.

Jt7i

:

*HMM

7]-i+

s,:

S.iffl,

4+iflZbl

Lesson

37

147

1)

4|*r*W

2)

&}<>]

#4

3)

Dropping

Sounds

Dropping

Consonants.

1.

In

the

following

only

the

pronunciation

changes;

the

spelling

remains

the

same.

1)

The

a

sound

is

dropped

in

the

following:

-g-

«£cj-—je.

Hfc^

can't

wash

^}

"g;^-^

*$t*)-

to

wash

(clothes)

^-

#±r\—*2.

2i*\

can't

write

in

vain

tJ-

^cf—7]-

^cf

to

wear

a

hat

^

^

cf-*^l

^

^

to

chew

thorou^ily

^-

%lcf—s.

^lcf

can't

hammer

2)

The

*

sound

is

nearly

silent

in

the

following:

very

^^I—^Jr^l

simply

to

be

sorry

^

^

^1

-*

^

^

°1

very

peacefully

-gr^-gr*3

bank

2.

In the

following

the

spelling

changes

in

accordance

with

the

dropped

sound.

1)

In

the

following

-i

or

«

is

dropped:

(Note:

the

spelling

also

reflects

the

dropped

sound).

3-^J-**^i

June

^

*H

Al

^

October

2)

*

is

dropped

in

the

following:

>71^e+

to

make

ready

^-r11^—

M-r^

to

lower

j=.^cf

to

loosen

^^^f—"V^^f

to

fit

3.

In

the

following

the

dropped

syllables

may

or

may

not

be

reflected

in

the

spelling.

Both

spellings

are

correct.

^4*1

not thinking

°]e)3L

like

this

^.^

-c-

intending

to

eat

if

(it's)

like

that

148

38.

JL^Ml-3-?

Are

You

Tired?

Upon

returning

home

from

work

Mark

visits

with

the

boarding

house

ajumoni.

to

be

tired

*|

x\

_$_>*fl

A.

JL^M)

-3.

?

Please

come

in.

Are

you

tired?

(not)

much;

(not)

particularly

(Note

106)

No,

Fm

not

particularly

tired.

together

with

(Note

107)

With

whom

did

you

have

lunch

today?

the

faculty;

the

staff

I

ate

with

the

office

staff.

Grammar

Notes

Note

106.

^5.

adu^rfc

(in

negative

statements)

particularly,

especially

y\)

^5.

may

be

used

only

in

negative

statements.

Examples:

The

price

of

the

medicine

is

not

very

expensive.

The

Korean

language

is

not

particularly

difficult.

%]

^1

^J^-M

C+.

I

don't

particularly

read

books.

M-)

A

synonym

for

*i5-

is

^.^1

,

also

used

in

negative

sentences.

Note

107.

-^1-jl

^^1

idiomatic

expression

together

with

Lesson

38

149

A)

The

connecting

particle

^\5L

has

been

previously

studied

in

Lesson

13,

and

;ti:ol

is

an adverb

meaning

"together,

with."

*4)

—sf

^-o|

has

the

same

meaning,

but

—

t}ji

Q0]

is

used

more

in

everyday

speech.

Examples:

With

whom

do you

go?

?

Do

you

work

with

Mr.

Kim?

7^°]

is

often

used

without

the

prefix

t]-jL.

Examples:

^-o)

7\t\

to

go

with

(someone)

to

eat

with

(someone)

to

do

with

(someone)

*ko\

7^x\x=\-

Let's

go

to

the

movie

theater

to

gether.

I

go

with

my

friend.

Pattern

Practice

Additional

Vocabulary

*£

a

foot

^ &

price

of

medicine

t

an

eye

-^-^

a

theater

-§-

one's

body

ofl

o]

a

lover

nM

4

feel

prickly,

to

throb

with

pain

°)-g-

-4^

a

neighbor

l.

3L7)

:

jL^frt

Si:

sa:

1)

iy.o|

of^cf

2)

-fe-o]

v+«Lcf

3)

2.

A7i

:

i*

^

>y

/

^-4-^14

s

:

l)

tt^*/«1l+4

2)

**/*}-i+

3)

3. JL71

:

i*

^J

/

s,: