Suk-in Chang. Modern Conversational Korean

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

160

Modern

Conversational

Korean

It

indicates

a

process

of

change

or

becoming

in

a

passive

sense.

4)

This

is

an

intransitive

verb

and

it

takes

no

object;

therefore,

the

noun

preceding

the

verb

must

take

the

subject

particle

of

Examples:

4|

cq

;*)

q

cf#

Korean

is

getting

easier,

<>l

#4^

4

4.

I'm

feeling

better.

-£-°l

&M

^J

4

4.

My

money

is

disappearing.

4)

The

tense

and/or

negation

is

expressed

in

the

regular

style:

VS

+

o>/<H/<*)

x|

+

*|

&+

tense

+

«H4

.

Examples:

4

4.

It

becomes

easier.

3JHr

4

4.

It

will

become

easier.

It

is

not

becoming

easier.

4.

It

will

not

become

easier.

It

is

getting

better.

1-

^l^14

4.

It

got

better.

It

is

not

getting

better.

It

did

not

get

better.

Note

114.

^ls|]>H

conjunction

so,

therefore,

for

that

reason.

7\)

Though

used

at

the

beginning

of

a

sentence,

^xefl*!

is

an

inde

pendent

conjunction

connecting

what

comes

after

with

the

situa

tion

given

before.

Examples:

^-*fl

^

Tomorrow

is

Monday,

so

Fm

going

to

the

office.

■fr7V<y44.

^-^fl^

^44.

Fm

on

vacation

these

days

so

I

have

free

time.

^-^M

^"4

4.

Fm

tired

so

Fm

going

to

sleep.

4)

^2-3]

*1

can

not

be

used

with

imperative

verb

endings

nor

with

propositive

verb

endings.

Lesson

41

161

Pattern

Practice

Additional

Vocabulary

things

3i2}3]-4

convenient

rented

room

-S-^S*^

inconvenient;

uncomfortable

foreign

country

A7$*\

to

be

close:

to

be

near

to

live

7-H

44

to

sightsee,

look

at

pronunciation

^°1

SX

4

to

be

elegant,

attractive

s

:

4.

S

:

2)

3)

2.

ji7|:

«^^*Vcf

s

:

1)

*4/7l*«l

#4

2)

3)

5.

-jl71:a#

s,

:

s,:

S,:

l)

#4

2)

44

3)

3.

i7i: «i^*l-4/^«15a4

s

:

°l^l

^

2)

A.*

3)

5U4

162

42.

*H

*\*\

Dinner

The

boss

urges

Mr. Paek

to

have

dinner.

to

get

cold,

cool

(food,

etc.)

-

7]

^Hl

before

(doing)

(Note

115)

/

£

l

after

(Note

116)

Please

begin

eating

before

your

food

gets

cold.

°1

-4

(^)

the

chief

director

Thank

you,

I'll

enjoy

my

dinner.

(Lit:

I'll

eat

well)

Please

help

yourself.

taste

(Note

117)

.

It

doesn't

taste

good,

but

please

have

some

more.

tifl

the

stomach

Hr—^f

to

be

full

(stomach

only)

t&o]

^tl^^..

No

thank

you,

I've

had

enough.

?}

^-^I^L

^^-«H1

^

Thank

you

for

the

dinner.

(Lit:

Thanks

to

y°ur

kindness,

I've

eaten

well).

Grammar

Notes

Note

115.

AVS+

7]

?\°\}

.

. .

pattern

(to

do)

before

7\)

VS+

7]

*\6\]

is

a

phrase

consisting

of

the

verbal

noun

AVS+

7]

and

the

noun

^

(before)

+

particle

<H].

14)

As

in

Lesson

41,

VS+

^1

forms

a

verbal

noun

which

then

may

be

used

as

either

the

subject

or

the

object

of

a

sentence.

*+)

Since

VS

+

7]

^ofl

is

an

idomatic

expression,

this

construction

will

be

learned

as

a

pattern.

Lesson

42

163

Examples:

Go

before

it

gets

late.

Eat

before

it

cools

off.

(I)

studied

Korean

before

(I)

came

to

Korea.

Go

before

it

starts

raining.

Note

116.

AVS

+

i-

/-&

^Ml.

. .

pattern

after

7})

Whenever

4-

is

used

with

a

verb,

the

verb

must

end

in

i-

/

-£-

before

^°fl

is

added.

M-)

Only

active

verbs

may

be

used

with

i-

/

-£•

^<H|

.

cf)

When

the

verb

stem

ends

in

a

vowel

i-

is

used;

when

it

ends

in

a

consonant

-£■

is

used.

Examples:

Let's

go

after

eating

lunch.

after

learning

Korean.

Note

117.

*#:

noun

flavor

y\)

Descriptive

verbs frequently

used

to

describe

flavors

are

given

below.

Examples:

to

be

hot

(spicy)

*]t}-

to

be

sour

to

be

salty

^t+

to

be

bitter

to

be

insipid

gH

4

to

be

puckery

to

be

sweet

^~^t[K\

to

be

tasty

Pattern

Practice

Additional

Vocabulary

to

be

lost;

to

disappear

to

ask

a

question

^K-i-)

M]

4

to

become

angry

to

wake

up

side

dishes

a

refrigerator

to

season

to

taste

2)

3)

164

Modern

Conversational

Korean

o]X\-\£

Sa

I

°?1,

2)

3)

2)

3)

s,:

1)

aj;^^

§Jcf

2)

-fMH

f1

DS4

3)

-S-^^l

165

43.

*HH

On

the

Street

Mrs.

Kim

meets

Mrs.

Pak

on

the

way

to

the

meat

market.

early

7}*\}£-

?

Where

are

you

going

so

early

(like

this)?

5L7]

meat,

beef,

pork;

fish

-

(3.)

^

JL

intend

(Note

118).

^

-^-^

meat

market

JL7]

#

*}&\3L

/^^l

(I)

am

going

to

the

meat

market

to

buy

some

beef.

East

Gate

Market

7H1-8-?

When

are

you

going

to

East

Gate

Market?

°1

^

after

a

while;

a

little

later

(Note

119)

-£--?-

afternoon

(Note

120)

-

(—)

^

3-

^^

want

to

do

(Note

118)

t^3I

I

intend

to

go

there

this

afternoon.

Grammar

Notes

Note

118.

AVS

+(£.)

^Jiverb

suffix

intend;

in

order

to,

plan

to

7})

The

suffix

—

(-£-)

^

JL

is

attached

to

the

stem

of

active

verbs

and

expresses

the

purpose

of

the

action

described

in

the

final

verb.

H-)

In

Lesson

39

we

studied

the

suffix

-

(-2-)

^

indicating

the

purpose

of

coming

or

going.

The

verb

suffix

-

(^.)e^

jl

is

interchangeable

with

-

(-2.)

&]

except

that

while

-

(^_)

e-|

is

always

followed

by

either

their

compounds),

the

suffix

-

(-£-)e^jl

can

166

Modern

Conversational

Korean

be

followed

by

any

active

verb.

*+)

Because

-

(£.)

tf

JL

already

has

a

future

connotation

it

may

be

followed

by

the

past

or

present

tense

in

the

final

verb,

but

it is

rarely

used

with

the

future

tense.

Examples:

3L

tlr^Ml

&^M

4.

I

came

to

Korea

to

work.

1

jliH

jl

#^u)

cK

I

bought

this

book

to

read.

I'm

going

to

the

office

to

meet

a

friend.

)

-

(3.)

(intend

to

do)

is

a

form

used

a

great

deal

in

Korean.

Examples:

o]

v]

6\]

7y&\

jl

^-u)

77}

?

Where

do

you

plan

to

go?

g_^

jl

^-^77]-

?

What

do

you

intend

to

eat?

(I)

plan

to

write

a

letter.

I

want

to sleep

now.

rm

not

going

to

buy

an

apple.

Note

119.

6|

«=K^V)

adu^rfe

after

a

short

while/later

on

7f)

c>|tt}.7|-

refers

to

the

future,

to

a

relatively

short

time

later.

*4)

The

opposite

of

ol«|-7}-

is

°V^]-,

i.e.

a

little

while

ago,

some

time

ago

Examples:

Q;

<#2fl

^.^<H^-

?

When

did

you

come?

A:

s-g-

°}t7}

^J:<H_a..

I

came

a

little

while

ago.

Q:

tJ

s\

£_x\

^lo)

jl

?

Will

you

have

some

coffee?

A:

4^-2-.

^-o"

^I^+C^f)

No,

I'll

have

some

a

little

later.

Note

120.

^-^-

noun

p.m;

afternoon.

-Sl^I

noun

a.m;

the

morning

7\)

JLJf.

and

^.^1

are

followed

by

the

particle

—

°fl

indicating

the

time

when

something

happens.

Examples:

}-jl

i.^.

I

go

to

school

in

the

morning

and

niM--S-.

meet

my

friend

in

the

afternoon.

Lesson

43

167

^ofl

9\ si

-i-

^Hd^M

cf.

Since

I

had

coffee

in

the

morning,

-

<$■

DM1

I'm

not

having

any

in

the

after-

noon.

Pattern

Practice

Additional

Vocabulary

diligently

<#3\-

an

onion

°\ik£-

a

barber

shop

late

31

:£

egg

Dl^l

a

beauty

shop

beef

1tMi-g-*l;#

South

Gate

-^^r^

a

bath

house

jL7l

pork

Market

*&

night

4.

1)

5.

s

:

^

2)

+^lsl*|

3)

-5

2.

i7i

:

o^

s,:

s2:

l)

-tsi

2)

**|

3)

3.

jL7i

:

-g-tflJt

>»i^

s

:

l)

rt

\

-ol

-*1

ttJ

2)

H^Hi

S2

:

3L7]

^

>^]-£

3)

°M£-

3)

^In2-^)

^

^M

^Af^cHl

7\V\

o\^c\

(6\])

7\a\]JL

?

-§r

4^1

7H1.SL?

1)

*el

2)

+*1S1*|

3)

h^^-

*|.4/

168

44.

^^r^

Meat

Market

Mrs.

Kim

goes

to

the

meat

market

and

buys

some

meat.

-1-3-7]

Korean

broiled

beef

-

#

stuff;

material

(Note

121)

3

(Note

122)

with,

by;

as

(see

Lesson

19;

Note

62)

3}

Do

you

have

any

beef

suitable

for

$H-SL?

pulgogi?

^

BH"

how

much

(Note

123)

"

C°l)

M"

about

(Note

123)

4|,

Sl^M^.

^"W

Yes,

we

do.

How

much

shall

I

give

^*K8.?

you?

-■5-

a

kun

(about

IVi

lbs;

600

gm)

^

cf

to

cut

up;

to

slice

(i|\jL7|

^}-5lS.)

2

-E-1?}-

#

Please

slice

two

kun

(of

meat

for

Korean

broiled

beef).

to

know

(see

Lesson

31

Note

91)

O.K.

(Lit:

Yes,

yes

I

understand).

Grammar

Notes

Note

121.

-#

weak

noun

1)

material;

stuff

2)

a

suitable

person

Examples:

1)

-i:JL7|#

material

for

pulgogi

^m-Q

material

for

Korean

clothes

:&#

material

for

clothes

*1

°)-7t}-

skirt

material

Lesson

44

169

material

for

trousers

ingredients

for

chap-ch'ai

(a

mixed

dish

of

vegetables

and

beef)

2)

^8#

potential

for

being

a

teacher

potential

for

being

a

president

Note

122.

D

VS

+

*-

/

-£-

noun

modifiers

y\)

In

Korean,

nouns

can

be

modified

in

two

ways:

1)

by

adding

t-

/

-£

to

the

stem

of

a

descriptive

verb,

or

2)

by

adding

i-

/

-c7

s.

to

the

stem

of

an

active

verb

(see

Lesson

63).

3)

Examples

of

ways

in

which

descriptive

verbs

are

changed

to

noun

modifiers

are

given

below.

Basic

Verb

Noun

Modifiers

Meaning

how;

what

kind

like this

like

that

busy

many

difficult

easy

beautiful

A

noun

always

follows

a

noun

modifier.

Examples:

°l

*q*

**

*q

°J

4

4.

This

(book)

is

a

good

book.

^

-i:

SHr

4

4.

I

bought

a

pretty

doll.

■§■*!

°J

4

4.

Broiled

beef

is

expensive

food.

Note

123.

^al-4

(number

noun

+

—

(°1)M-)

particle

1.

about;

approx

imately

2.

exclamation

7F)

—(°I)4

used

with

number

nouns

indicates

an

approximation.

Examples:

About

how

much

(money)

do

you

have?

About

how

many

people

do

you

think

will

come?

^

*tM

4-

i\

-2-3i<H

JL

?

About

how

many

times

did

you

read

it?

4)

noun+

(°l)4

is

also

used

to

express surprise

when

something

is

more

than

one

expects,

as in

the

following

dialogue: