Suk-in Chang. Modern Conversational Korean

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130

Modern

Conversational

Korean

4)

"I

+isr

=

=7

to

oppress

^Mt

parachute

^^t}^

to

congratulate

to

be

full

*^*]-4

to

be

glorious

^1-4

to

belong

North

Korea

tMr*l-4

to

lodge

together

5)

-§-

+

-i

= ^

%jl

good

and

^-jl

many

and

^l-#^l

blue

and

^1&5L

gentle

and

6)

^

+

-s-

=

e

a

few

/i«;an

-^-^]-t4

to

play

yut

^^

^

i=f

skin

is

white

131

33.

Q*}^^}?

How

Much

Is

It?

Mary

Doe

has

to

go

to

the

book

store

but

she's

not

acquainted

with

Korean

money,

so

she's

learning

about

it

from

her

ajumoni.

a

unit,

value

(Note

98)

What

denomination

bill

is

this?

-

^-

connective

suffix

(Note

72:

Lesson

23)

This

is

Wl,000

and

that's

W10,000.

coins

Do

you

have

some

coins?

and

(Note

40:

Lesson

13)

Yes,

I

have

W100

and

W50

coins.

small

change

convert;

exchange.

Then,

please

exchange

this

for

small

money.

Grammar

Notes

Note

98.

-

*M

suffix

a

unit

(of

worth

or

value)

7\)

The

suffix

-*^e)

preceded

by

a

number

plus

a

classifier

indicates

a

unit

of

worth

or

value.

Examples:

W1000

a

W100

notebook

132

Modern

Conversational

Korean

30-^

^2}

-r-M.

30^Jl^|

*|-e)

*}

1,500^

*]-e}

Additional

Vocabulary

^^

socks

<t-M-

check

-*liJ"*l

spinach

^-^

carrot

l.

i7i

:

-&

1,000^

l)

^"J:

1,250^

2.

JL7]

I

Pl^i

;*l^

^

a]

^-

clothes

for

5-year-olc

a

W30

stamp

a

30

cm.

ruler

U"

a

1500

gr.

chicken

Pattern

Practice

*l"3i^

bicycle

^^*

^l-^f

to

get

on

^-^

*]*$

bread

^

^1

underwear

sa:

°]3l

1,000-^

^^^

2)

*r3.

^H]1-!1^-.

s

:

°l^i

^i^

*[?

\

children

cash

chalk

3)

-Sr^g

500^

2)

3)

3.

50^

/

ioo^

s8:

1)

41*

2)

vflsl

3)

a).^

8041

/

1,20041

2,80041

/

5,00041

°$

tt

-431

/

4

.

JL7l

:

^V^

S

:

2)

^ri

3)

Lesson

33

133

Phonemic

Assimilation

Palatalization.

When

the

consonants

n

or

h

occur

before

1 ,

the

pronunciation

changes

to

*1

or

*1,

respectively

as

shown

below.

stubbornly

sunrise

-*^

«H

undershirt,

sweat

clothes

together

1i°l-*t3i^l

sunshine

afield

^o]-+xl*\

the

end

,

the

bottom

<£°]-+

4i*l

an

iron

pot,

kettle

to

be

buried;

to

smear

to

be

cleared

away

to

be

closed

to

harden

134

34.

^^

^

Korean

Friends

Pak

Yong-su

is

surprised

that

John

Doe

has

so

many

Korean

friends.

also

(Lit:

at

also

(Note

99)

Korean

friend

-*!"§■

°fl2E.

^^r

%&^'7\'

Do

you

also

have

Korean,

friends

in

51*1

A?

Seoul?

*£ol

many

(Note

100)

Yes,

I

have

lots

of

Korean

friends

Well

then,

do

you

also

have

Korean

friends

in

America?

for;

to;

in

(Note

101)

:Stl7>

No,

I

don't

have

any

Korean

friends

in

America.

Grammar

Notes

Note

99.

-<H]i.

compound

particle

at

+

too;

also

y\)

The

particle

i.

may

be

attached

not

only

to

subjects

(Note

6)

but

also

to

objects,

adverbs,

and

other

particles.

In

addition

to

the

above

definitions

it

may

express

contrast

or

emphasis.

Examples:

1)

.£_

with

objects

I'm

also

reading

a

novel.

He

plays

tennis,

too.

2)

5.

with

adverbs

°fl

7]

7>

^s.

^-u|

cf.

The

baby

sleeps

well.

He/She

is

still

studying

(now).

Lesson

34

135

3)

5.

with

particles

(I)

also

have

books

at

home.

jz/3°fl>*l-E-

^-i:

^M^K

(You)

also

sleep

in

the classroom.

Note

100.

^°]

adverb

many

7\)

Many

Korean

adverbs

such

as

^<^]

are

altered

verbs.

They

are

formed

by

adding

°1

or

^1

to

the

verb

stem.

Examples:

to

be

numerous

to

be

tall

to

be

clean

to

be

enormous

to

be

urgent

to

be

quiet

^1

many

■£°1

high

7^J^°]

cleanly

cfl^V"&]

very

■^•^1

hastily

^-S"*]

quietly

Note

101.

-

ofl-fe-

compound

particle

at;

to;

for

+

-&-

/

-c-

7\)

°-

/

^.

attached

to

other

particles

such

as

-

ofl

and

-

<H|*|

provides

contrast,

comparison,

or

emphasis.

Examples:

'y

°fl-fe-

°il

t&tA

cf:

I'm

not

going

to

the

office

today.

^

t%°]

Si^H

^f.

We

have

no

restaurant

on

campus.

c- ^1

-g-*l

#

*}SL.

(We)

buy

spinach

at

the

market.

oa

-I:

*H

^_.

(He/She)

works

at

home.

-<>fl-E-,

-ofl^-fe-

an(i

-°flfe

-^l^-fe-in

conversation

follow

the

pattern

given

in

the dialogue

below.

Particularly

note

how

the

particles

differ

in

positive

and

negative

answers.

Examples:

Q:

^j-iiLofl:^

7}£.

?

Do

you

go

to

school

too?

A:

c*fl,

^)\5Lo1].£-

?}£-.

Yes,

I

go

to

school

too.

A:

oVM-2-,

tj-iiLofl-c-

°J:

7>_a_.

No,

I

do

not

go

to

school.

Q:

^3

ofl

^

i.

^g-^H

.a.

?

Do

you

study

at

home

too?

A:

<

^Jofl^s.

jg-w.^^.

Yes,

I

study

at

home

too.

A:

oM-2-,

^J

^]>H-fe-

^

M

4.

No,

I

rest

at

home.

136

Modern

Conversational

Korean

Pattern

Practice

Additional

Vocabulary

girlfriend

boyfriend

.

s.7]:

l)

2.

-f-jn.71

fresh

water

fish

M-?-

tree

*]

«j-

an

outlying

region

-f-

grass

countryside

-g^S

a

bank

5.^]

city

The

Han

River

2.*$-

>M/ti

recreation

facilities

-f

field

«•=?■

s

:

2)

3)

s,:

s2:

2)

3)

7\7\

3.

"Wi

4

.

Practice

-

<H]

^and

2)

4^_-f-ofl-fe-

3)

o

s,:

-S,:

3)

shown

in

the

example.

s,

s,

s.

s,

s,

#0)

^

-g--fe-

«fl,

Lesson

34

137

Phonemic

Assimilation

Changes

in

Lateral

(*-1

s-)

Sounds.

When

the

final

sound

of

the

preceding

syllable

ends

with

e.

(I)

and

the

first

sound

of

the

following

syllable

begins

with

^-

it

changes

to

II.

The

following

nasal

sound

*-

is

assimilated

to

the

preceding

lateral

s.

.

Both

i-

and

e.

are

alveolar

resonants

and

whenever

two

sounds

in

the

same

series

occur

together,

one

of

them

is

likely

to

be

assimilated

into

the

other.

°cl

*d

one

year

#^

A

jumping

rope

first

birthday

^^A

one's

last

years

Sunday

(zero

workday)

,

a

(II)

^

to

be

convenient

*i^

1,000

li

Silla

°J-n-

mankind

mountain

forest

QM-

an

official

138

35.

<?!

A

Brush

With

Grammar

1.

Underline

the

correct

particles:

1,20041

.

-fc

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

2.

Fill

in

the

blanks

with

the

following

adverbs:

2)

3)

4)

5)

3.

Give

the

following

verbs

in

formal

style

and

then

use

them

to

make

your

own

sentences:

1)

2)

*4(

3)

*4(

4)

*4(

5)

4.

Give

the

following

verbs

in

informal

style

and

then

use

them

to

make

your

own

sentences:

Lesson

35

139

1)

7ls.cf(

2)

+s.4(

3)

H-S-^+C

4)

cf^M

5)

JL^-4(

Phonemic

Assimilation

Harmony

of

Sounds.

In

Korean,

the

vowel

of

the

second

syllable

often

reflects

the

vowel

of

the

first

syllable.

Particularly,

the

bright

sounds

-i-

and

1*

are

followed

by

V

,

and

such

darker

vowels

as

-1

,

t,

—,

1

are

followed

by

H

as

shown

in

the

examples

below.

Brighter

Vowels

Darker

Vowels

to

be

white

M

^

t\ to

be

nearly

white

yellow

-t-^1

darker

yellow

to

be

blue

^^

to

be

dark

blue

Contractions.

Koreans

often

use

contractions

in

their

speech.

Some

of

the

more

frequently

used

contractions

are

formed

by

combining

two

simple

vowels

as

in

the

example

below.

learned

«fl-f<H—^fl^-l

learned

send

^}-7]<H-*;y-^

shampoo

is

then

*1

*H

*l

-*

^

*\

having

hit

a

space

-t-^

-^

what

a

cucumber

°l-ol

-*6fl

a child