Robson Martin. Britain, Portugal and South America in the Napoleonic Wars: Alliances and Diplomacy in Economic Maritime Conflict (ENG)
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neutrality issue 25, 38, 43, 44, 45, 55, 61–
2, 64, 80, 82, 245
appeasement policy 25, 46, 47, 123–4,
134, 228
weak government 26, 65
Anglo-Portuguese commercial relations
27, 28–30
importance of trade with Brazil 29
considers moving seat of government to
New World 29–30
indemnities 43, 48, 64, 186
crisis alleviated 72–6
told to improve its defences 77–8
crisis of 1807 113–36
crisis renewed 114–19
the Regent closes the ports 146, 147, 148
crisis resolved 164–7
embarkation of the Royal Family 168–70,
229
aftermath of the Portuguese evacuation
170–73
British intervention in (1808) 220–25
Portugal, Infanta of 46
Portuguese army
poor state of 26, 61, 64, 65, 229
reform issue 80
deployment of 146
Infantry Regiments 146
French treatment of 185–6
Portuguese Fleet 248
ships left at Lisbon 249
Portuguese navy 33, 116, 122, 125, 135,
170
importance of 26, 27, 40
size of 34, 109, 115
role of 34
Napoleon aims to seize 113, 154
Pressburg, Treaty of (1805) xiv
Princera de Beira 249
Principe de Brazil 168, 248
Principe Reale 168, 248
Principe Regente 168
Prussian Campaign (1806) 77, 79, 82
Purvis, Admiral 134, 159, 160, 178, 190,
195, 216, 261
Rainha de Portugal 168, 248
Raisonnable 89
Ramage, Lieutenant 60
Raphael 224, 247
Rapid 217, 230
Ratvisan 247
Raven 155
Rayneval, François Gérard, Conte de 46,
113, 114, 126
Regency Council 181, 185
Repulse 56
Resistance 56
Resolution 191
Richmond 45–6
Rio de Janeiro
captured by France (1711) 86
wealth in 85
Rio Grande region, Brazil 85
Rosario 73
Rose, George, MP 171, 200
Rosily-Mesros, Admiral François Étienne
de 48
Rosslyn, Lord 59
instructions to (1806) 53–8
leads mission to Lisbon 61
meetings with Araujo 62–5, 69
meetings with the Portugese Prince
Regent 65–8, 77
end of the Rosslyn Mission 76–82
Rosslyn/Danish missions compared
115–16
Royal Navy
protects British Atlantic Empire 13
expansion of 19, 32, 33, 230
and Portugal 26
supremacy of 27, 202
central to British maritime security and
economic expansion 30
workable command of the sea 176
squadron in Brazilian waters 204
Royal Navy Victualling Board 47
Ruby 180
Russia
rapprochement with France (1807) 18
declares war on Britain (1807) 160
Russian Baltic fleet 177
Russian Mediterranean Fleet 157–61
Russian navy 33
Sacramento 209–210, 212
St George 36
St Peter 247
St Sebastiao 249
St Vincent, Battle of Cape (1797) 30, 51,
243
St Vincent, Sir John Jervis, 1st Earl of 38,
59, 243, 244
commands Mediterranean Fleet 37
BRITAIN, PORTUGAL AND SOUTH AMERICA
334
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NDEX
335
commands a fleet off the Tagus 48, 55–7
instructions to (1806) 51–3, 54, 56
ordered to protect the Queen of Portugal
60
Araujo wants him to leave Lisbon 61–2
‘moderate conduct’ 62
San Ildefonso, Treaty of (1777) 210, 243
San Josef 62
Satarro, Miguel 47, 191, 192, 216, 218
Saumarez, Rear Admiral Sir James 177,
195, 244
Scout 44
Second Coalition xiii, 244
Seid el Badar 247
Selaphael 247
Seniavin, Vice Admiral Dmitri 25, 105–6,
158–61, 171, 179–83, 185, 186, 188, 190,
192, 193, 194, 216, 217, 219, 224–5, 230,
247
Seven Years War (1756-63) 30, 210
Shannon 172
Sheridan, Richard 18
Shipley, Captain Conway 194
Sicily 161–2, 177–8, 261
Sidmouth, Viscount (later Lord Holland)
241
Silnoi 247
Silnyi 225
Simcoe, General John Graves 53, 55–8, 76
Skeltin, Captain 247
Skoroi 247
Slessor, Harriet 118–19, 147–8, 194
Smith, Captain 188, 215–16
Smith, Lieutenant G S 167
Smith, Rear Admiral Sir Sidney 248, 249
expedition to Lisbon 137–52
battle fleet 157
finds part of Russian fleet 159–60
ordered to seize Russian ships 163, 179–
80
resolution of the Portuguese crisis 164–7
embarkation of Portuguese Royal Family
168–9, 172, 250–59
ignores orders 180, 181
sent to Brazil 198–9, 209–212
and Sir John Moore 260–62
Society of West India Merchants 14
Solebay 139, 143
Solis, Don Sebastian 217
Sousa, Dom Rodrigo de 56, 61, 64, 69, 72,
78, 114–15, 117, 118, 119, 133–4, 136,
142, 152, 153, 183, 198, 206, 207, 208,
210, 251
Sousa Coutinho, Rodrigo de 208, 211
South America 231–8
a key region for expanding British com-
merce (1806-1808) 83, 85
reasons for projects being shelved 84
French threat to 85–8
Talents’ fundamentally flawed strategy
98–9
Spain
major overseas possessions in South
America 8, 44
Britain attacks colonies and trade 17
declares war after British seize a Spanish
treasure fleet (1804) 27, 44, 83, 84
Franco-Spanish problems 68–72
mobilisation 78–9
Charles IV’s abdication 214
Napoleon takes over the throne 214
uprising against French occupation 212,
214–20, 234
Spanish Armada (1588) 6
Spanish Empire 44, 99–100, 197, 232, 237
Spanish Latin America 83
Spanish South America 85
Spencer, Major General Brent 144, 161,
178, 179, 189–90, 215, 218, 222, 223
Spencer, George John, 2nd Earl 21, 74,
241
Spitzbergen 247
Stewart, Lieutenant Colonel Robert 245
Stirling, Rear Admiral 89
Strangford, Percy Clinton Sidney Smythe,
6th Viscount
Irish peer and poet 44
criticism of 44–5
and Portuguese appeasement 46
and secret supply system 47
reports from Portugal 48
works with Gambier 50
as a junior diplomat 53
and intelligence 69–70
presses the Portuguese to improve the
country’s defences 77–8
told of Spanish mobilisation 78
confers with Araujo (1807) 81, 117, 134,
146
tries to get the Portuguese to flee Brazil
123–5
the Brazil mission 198, 203–4, 209, 210
Portuguese Royal Family embarkation
250–59
and Sir John Moore 260
Stroganoff, Baron 79
Stuart, Lieutenant General Sir Charles 243,
244
Success 172
Swallow 191
Swedish navy 33
Talbot 180
Talleyrand, Charles-Maurice de 22, 49, 61,
62, 63, 67, 72, 73, 75
Napoleon’s instructions to 113–14
Theseus 56
Third Coalition xiv, 1, 17, 21
Tilsit, Treaties of (1807) 1, 2, 33, 109, 110,
118, 158, 230
Toulon, siege of (1793) 127
Trafalgar, Battle of (1805) xiv, 1, 24, 30,
79, 176, 246
Trist, Robert 189
Tritao 249
Turnbull, John 37–8
Ulm, Battle of (1805) xiv, 99
Urania 168, 248
Usher, Thomas 60
Utrecht, Treaty of (1713) 120, 209
Vandal, Albert 10
Vasco de Gama 168, 181
Vascomcalles, M. de 72
Venezuela, expedition to (1797) 83
Venus 247, 249
Vila Verde, Conde de 47, 66, 67, 70, 72, 80
Villeneuve, Vice-Admiral Pierre-Charles 15
Vinganca 248
Viper 188
Voador 248
‘War of the Oranges’ (1801) 244
Warre, William 42, 76, 77
Waterloo, Battle of (1815) 7
Wellesley, Arthur (later 1st Duke of Wel-
lington) 18, 94–7, 111, 200, 201, 212,
215, 221, 223–4, 240
Wellesley-Pole, William 162
West Indies
economic importance 14–15
British casualties 15–16, 17
value of campaigns in 16
Western Squadron 6
Westmorland, Earl of 242
Weymouth 36
Whitelocke, Lieutenant General John 98,
100, 107, 119, 120, 135, 233
Willaumez, Admiral Jean-Baptiste-Philibert
31, 62, 86
Wilson, Mr (a former merchant) 217
Wilson, Sir Robert 109, 160
Windham, William 8, 21, 56, 57, 58, 72, 75,
89–90, 91, 93–4, 98, 138, 232, 233, 241
Yarmouth, Francis Charles Seymour-
Ingram, Lord 22, 49, 59, 61, 62, 67, 72–
3, 81, 229
Yarmouth, Lady 72
Yaroslav 224
Yeo, Captain James Lucas 167, 189, 250
York 172
Young, Admiral 143
BRITAIN, PORTUGAL AND SOUTH AMERICA
336