Парахина А.В., Шляхова В.А. Английский язык для дистанционного обучения. Книга 3
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Примечание 1 После глаголов, выражающих физическое воспри-
ятие, to see, to hear, to watch, to feel, to observe ин-
финитив употребляется без частицы to.
I saw the c hildren play in the garden.
Я видела, что дети играли в саду.
He heard somebody cry in the house.
Он слышал, как кто-то плакал в доме.
She felt him look at her.
Она чувствовала, что он смотрит на нее.
Grammar exercise
I Переведите предложение ñ Complex Object, обращая внимание на
форму инфинитива.
1. We want him to come here. 2. I know her to sing well. 3. They believe
him to know their address. 4. She knows him to be a good specialist. 5. We
know him to have worked at a big plant. 6. She wants me to give her this
book. 7. We know this instrument to function well. 8. We know this instru-
ment to have functioned well. 9. We heard the girl say something to her
brother in English. 10. He saw her stop at the bus-stop. 11. I felt some body
touch (дотронуться) my arm.
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Предтекстовые упражнения
(The exercises to be done before reading the text)
I. Переведите на русский язык следующие интернациональные слова,
обратите внимание на перевод выделенных слов - “ложных друзей
переводчика”.
Capital, practical, synonymous, federal, nation, president, congress, politi-
cal, centre, section, avenue, procession, parade, memorial, natural, local, col-
ony, architectural ensemble, general, plan, statue, emigrant, bar, bank, clerk.
II. Переведите на русский язык сложные слова
a skyscraper, a businessman, well-known, cornerstone
III. Вспомните, как образуются степени сравнения прилагательных и
наречий. Переведите на русский язык словосочетания.
the largest city; the lower part; the highest building; the most interesting;
happier life; the longest street; more; less; less important; the most beautiful.
IV. Переведите на русский язык.
1. London is situated on the Thames.
2. Washington is situated on the Potomac River.
3. New York is situated in the mouth (устье) of the Hudson River.
4. The bank is situated in the centre of the city.
5. The bank is located there.
6. This city is compared with the capital.
7. This city cannot be compared with the capital.
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V. Прочтите собственные имена и названия. Вспомните, что вы
знаете о них.
George Washington, the Capitol, the White House, Abraham Lincoln, Am-
sterdam, Manhattan, Rockefeller Centre, the Statue of Liberty, Harlem, Broad-
way, Wall Street.
VI. Напишите II и III формы глаголов и переведите их на русский
язык.
Infinitive Past Indefinite Participle II Перевод
to find __________ __________ __________
to found __________ __________ __________
to build __________ __________ __________
to make __________ __________ __________
to know __________ __________ __________
to buy __________ __________ __________
VII. Переведите на русский язык.
1. I found him in the room.
2. Moscow was founded in 1147.
3. What are they building?
4. The block of flats was built in time.
5. The radio-set was made in Japan.
6. He is a known sc ientist.
7. The device was us e d in the experiment.
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VIII. Вспомните, что такое конверсия. Переведите на русский язык
существительные и глаголы.
Model: name - имя, to name - называть
a letter ________ to letter ________
a number ________ to number ________
a place ________ to place ________
a house ________ to house ________
a cross ________ to cross ________
trade ________ to trade ________
work ________ to work ________
a crowd ________ to crowd ________
IX. Переведите слова на русский язык на основе значений суффиксов и
префиксов.
to discover ________ discovery ________
practical ________ practically ________
to name ________ to rename ________
to own ________ owner ________
to represent ________ representative ________
to use ________ user ________
to found ________ founder ________
to employ ________ employees ________
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X. Переведите на английский язык .
юг, север, восток, запад, юго-восток, северо-запад, юго-запад, северо-
восток.
XI. Прочтите слова и переведите предложения на русский язык.
neither ... nor - ни ... ни. He knows neither English nor German.
either ... or - либо ... либо. You may visit either New-York or Washing-
ton.
both ... and - как ... так. Both Boston and Harvard are the most prestige
Universities in America.
in honour of - в честь (кого-либо). He was named in honour of his
grandfather.
to own - владеть. They own all the bars and stores in this street.
to owe - быть должным, обязанным.
a great deal = much. The city owes a great deal to George Washington.
to take an active part - принимать активное участие. He took an active
part in the conference.
to compare - сравнивать. Washington cannot be compared in size with
New York.
sense - чувство, смысл, значение. He has a sense of humour. In the politi-
cal sense Washington is the most important city in the United States.
harbour of the mouth - гавань (порт) в устье. New York is situated in
the natural harbour of the mouth of the Hudson River.
to capture - захватить. The English fleet entered the harbour and captured
the city.
the bank of the river - берег реки. The skyscraper of the United Nations
Organization is situated on the bank of the East River.
entirely - полностью, целиком. The building is made entirely of glass.
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as a matter of fact - фактически.
according to - согласно. Rockefeller Centre was built according to a gen-
eral plan.
at first glance - на первый взгляд. At first glance he is a yesman (подха-
лим).
Text 1
Washington - the Capital of the USA
Washington, the capital of the United States, is situated on the Potomac
River in the District of Columbia. The terms Washington and District of Colum-
bia are practically synonymous.
The federal district is a piece of land ten miles square; it is neither north
nor south, and it does not belong to any other state, but to all the states. The Dis-
trict is named in honour of Columbus, the discoverer of America.
The capital owes a great deal to the nation’s first President, George Wash-
ington. Washington took an active part in selecting the site of the District of Co-
lumbia and laid the cornerstone of the Capitol Building, where Congress meets.
Washington is not the largest city in the United States, as it cannot be compared
in size with cities like New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, and Los Ange-
les, w hic h have more than a million inhabitants.
In the political sense, however, it is the most important city in the United
States.
The centre of the city is the Capitol, with its great Hall of Representatives
and Senate Chamber.
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Four sections radiate out from the Capitol dividing the District of Columbia
into North-East, North-
West, South-East, South-
West. From the Capitol
to the White House runs
broad Pennsylvania Ave-
nue about a mile and a
half in length. This
avenue is used for all
processions and parades.
The Capitol is the
highest building in
Washington, which is known as an American city without skyscrapers.
Washington is today
one of the world’s most
beautiful capitals, not
only the centre of the Na-
tional Government, but
also it has become a great
cultural, educational and
sc ientific c entre, w ith its
museums, art galleries,
libraries, institutions,
parks and monumental buildings, such as the Washington Monument, the Lin-
coln Memorial and others.
Text 2
N e w York
New York, one of the largest cities of the world, is situated in the natural
harbour of the mouth of the Hudson River. In the year 1626 the Dutch Trade
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Company bought Manhattan Island from the local Indians for twenty-four dol-
lars.
Here the Dutch founded their colony and gave it the name New Amster-
dam. Forty years later the English fleet entered the harbour, captured the city
and renamed it New York.
At present Manhattan Island is the centre of New York and at the same
time the business section.
The 39-storey skyscraper of the United Nations Organization is situated on
the bank of the East River. The two narrow side walls of the building have no
windows at all. But the front and the back walls are made almost entirely of
glass.
New York is considered to be the city of
skyscrapers. As a matter of fact, most of the
skyscrapers are mainly in the lower part of
Manhattan. The highest of them is the Empire
State Building. It has 102 storeys and its
height is 380 metres. The Empire State Build-
ing was constructed in 1931. Not far from the
Empire State Building there in an interesting
architectural ensemble - Rockefeller Centre. It
was built according to a general plan. Rocke-
feller Centre consists of 15 skyscrapers.
Rockefeller Centre houses all kinds of offices,
enterprises, theatres and music halls.
The Statue of Liberty greets everybody
w ho c omes to New York by sea. Millions of
emigrants from all parts of the world cross the
ocean, hoping to find a better and happier life,
hoping to find liberty.
The National City Bank and other big of-
fices are located in the famous Wall Street.
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Broadway is the longest street in the
city. It is 29 kilometres long. Many
businessmen make money here. They
own this main trading street of New
York with all its bars, restaurants,
music halls, theatres, cinemas and
various stores and shops. When it
gets dark the lights of the electric ad-
vertisements flash out along Broad-
way.
By eight o’clock in the morning
New York streets are crowded with
clerks and office employees. When they start work, there is nobody in the streets
but those who have no work.
Such is New York at first glance, the largest city with a population of more
than 10 million.
Послетекстовые упражнения
(The exercises to be done after reading the text)
XII. Переведите на русский язык
1. We know Manhattan to have been bought from the local Indians.
2. Ne w York is c onsidered to be a city of skyscrapers.
3. It is dark and late to go out.
4. I hope you to find a better and happier life.
5. It is not easy to find a job in New York.
6. He is s aid to own this house.
7. Washington is known to be an American city without skyscrapers.
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8. I want you to tell me the truth.
9. Americans are known to be proud of the Statue of Liberty.
XIII. Составьте пары слов, имеющих противоположное значение, и
переведите их на русский язык.
1. large, 2. cold, 3. wrong, 4. near, 5. good, 6. hot, 7. far, 8. bad, 9. small,
10. long, 11. right, 12. short, 13. high, 14. low.
XIV. Составьте пары предлогов, имеющих противоположное значе-
ние.
Придумайте предложения, используя эти предлоги.
1. inside, 2. above, 3. up, 4. into, 5. in front of, 6. under, 7. out of, 8. out-
side, 9. behind, 10. down.
XV. Заполните пропуски артиклями, где это необходимо.
Washington is ... capital of ... United States of America. It is situated on ...
Potomac River in ... District of ... Columbia. ...federal district is ten miles
square. ... district is named in honour of ... Columbus. George Washington was
... first President of ... America. ... city was named after ... first President. Wash-
ington is not ... largest city but it is ... most important city in ... country. ... Penn-
sylvania avenue runs from ... Capitol to ... White House. All kinds of ... proces-
sions and ... parades took place in ... avenue. Washington is ... centre of ... Na-
tional Government and it is also ... cultural, educational and scientific centre.