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TT
DD
TT
, +
jj
tnps tnps
jj
11
22
ɧɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ
T
j
, ɬ. ɟ.
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
%- ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ
T
j
ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
V
2
ɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ-
ɧɵɯ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ
1
,,
n
. ȼ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ, ɞɥɢɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɭɪɨɜ-
ɧɟɦ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɦ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ
V
2
.
Ɂɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ.
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ
ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫɫ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ
ɞɨɜɟ-
ɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɢ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ.
ɉɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ
1
, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ
ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɝɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɤɜɚɧɬɢ-
ɥɢ
tnp
1
2
D
ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ 1
2
D
, ɬ. ɟ. ɤ ɛɨɥɶ-
ɲɟɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ
tnp
1
2
D
. ɇɨ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪ-
ɜɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ
tnp
1
2
D
. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ,
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɲɢɪɢɧɵ ɞɨɜɟ-
ɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ
(ɩɪɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ).
Ɍɚɤ, ɞɥɹ np!30 ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ
tz
11
22
#
DD
,
ɝɞɟ z
p
— ɤɜɚɧɬɢɥɶ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɹ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ
1
ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 09. 095. ɢɥɢ 099., ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ
ɞɥɹ
tnp
1
2
D
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ
zzz
0.95 0.975 0.995
164 196 258 ., ., .
. ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ
ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ 09. ɤ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ 095. ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶ-