Moyar Mark. A Question of Command: Counterinsurgency from the Civil War to Iraq
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344 Index
MacArthur, Arthur, 74–76, 78, 79
MacArthur, Douglas, 74, 90–91; and the Huk
Rebellion, 92, 98
MacGillivray, Donald, 129
Madoc, Guy C., 123
Magsaysay, Ramon, 97–99; as counterinsur-
gency leader, 99–107, 260, 272, 276, 279; as
Philippine president, 105–106; U.S. support
for, 103, 105, 107
Mahdi Army, 226, 252, 253
Malaya: Communist Party in, 109–113, 115,
130; Japanese invasion of, 109–110; jungle
warfare school in, 126
Malayan Emergency: British response to,
113–130, 277; and the Communist insur-
gency, 109–113, 115, 119; and counterinsur-
gency leadership, 113–118, 120–130; guerrilla
warfare in, 109–110, 115–116, 119; lessons
of, 130–132; and resettlement of squatters,
117–118; treatment of Chinese citizens
during, 114–115
Maliki, Nouri Al, 238, 250, 253–254
Mallory, Samuel F., 47, 48–49
Malvar, Miguel, 85
Manila, Philippines, 65
Mansoor, Peter, 248, 270
Mao Zedong, 103
Marawi, Suleiman Al, 230
Markley, George F., 81
Mattis, James “Mad Dog,” 220–221, 228–229,
242, 243–244, 245, 261
Mazar-i-Sherif, Afghanistan, 201
McClellan, George B., 20, 29
McEnery, John, 54–55, 56
McFarland, Sean, 239–240
McKinley, William, 64–65, 66, 70
McMaster, H. R., 233, 234, 249, 260
McNamara, Robert, 151
media relations: as aspect of counterinsur-
gency, 10, 282; and the Huk Rebellion, 103
Mena, Fidel Chávez, 185
Merchant, Livingston, 98
Merrill, Lewis, 52–54, 57, 61
military school in El Salvador, 170–171, 174
militias: in Afghanistan, 194, 197; during
Reconstruction, 43–44, 46–50; in South
Vietnam, 138, 154, 164
Miller, Frank, 214
Minh, Duong Van. See Duong Van Minh
Minh, Ho Chi. See Ho Chi Minh
Min Yuen (Malaya), 112, 117, 119, 124, 127, 128
Missouri: during the Civil War, 18–22; during
Reconstruction, 34–35
Mobbs, Michael, 214
Mohammed, Taj, 194
Monterrosa, Domingo, 177–178, 189
Montgomery, Bacon, 34–35
Montgomery, Bernard, 120–121
Mosby, John Singleton, 17, 32
Muggeridge, Malcolm, 122
Muhamdi, Abdullah, 230
Murray, Arthur, 73
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), 262–
263. See also personality types
My Lai massacre, 160
Nash, Christopher Columbus, 55
National Peasants’ Union (Philippines), 93
NATO: in Afghanistan, 203, 204–205
network-centric warfare, 4
Newhall, F. C., 39–40
New Orleans, Louisiana, 28
Ngo Dinh Diem: background of, 133–134;
enemies of, 144–145; and Khanh’s purging
of loyalists to, 147; as leader of South
Vietnam, 134–143, 266, 271; overthrow of,
145, 275;
Ngo Dinh Nhu, 140–141, 142
Nguyen Cao Ky, 150
Nguyen Chanh i, 150
Nguyen Khanh, 146–149
Nguyen Van ieu, 150–151, 161, 162, 163, 166
Nhu, Ngo Dinh. See Ngo Dinh Nhu
Nicaragua: and aid to Salvadoran Insurgency,
172, 173; Sandinista government in, 173, 186
Nixon, Richard, 163
Northern Alliance (Afghanistan), 192–193,
194–195
North Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh as leader of,
134, 139; military successes of, 149–150, 154,
163; in support of insurgency, 139–140, 141.
See also Viet Cong; Vietnam War
Ochoa Perez, Sigifredo, 177, 178, 189
Odierno, Raymond, 248
Oce of Reconstruction and Humanitarian
Assistance in Iraq (ORHA), 214, 215
organizational skills, 11, 260
Osmena, Sergio, 92
Otis, Elwell S., 66, 67–68, 72–74
Pakistan: and the Afghan insurgency, 196–
197; Al Qaeda in, 193, 197
Pampangans (Philippines), 95
Parvanta, Sultana, 208
Pashtuns, 191–192, 196, 197, 210. See also
Afghanistan
Patriquin, Travis, 239–240
Patton, George S., 159
Penn, David B., 56
Index 345
personality types: and command selection,
269–271; and leadership attributes, 262–
263, 270–271, 330n4
Petraeus, David: background of, 221–222; as
counterinsurgency leader in Iraq, 222–223,
226–228, 246–251, 253, 254, 257–258, 261,
270, 276, 280–281; and Iraqi leadership,
249–251
Pham Xuan An, 144
Phan Huy Quat, 149, 150
Philippine Constabulary, 94
Philippine Insurrection: civic action as re-
sponse to, 72–73, 75, 86–87; and civilian
elites, 283, 284; counterinsurgency against,
68–86, 279; counterinsurgency leadership
in, 67–79; insurgency in, 66–67, 73, 74–75,
78–79, 80–81; role of Filipino elites in, 67,
68, 86–87; and U.S. support for Filipinos,
71–72, 78, 277
Philippines: and American hostilities with
the Spanish, 63–65; Communist Party in,
90, 91–92, 93, 96–97, 105; impact of U.S.
involvement in, 90; Japanese invasion of,
90–91. See also Huk Rebellion; Philippine
Insurrection
Phillips, Rufus, 141
Phoenix program (Vietnam), 156–157
Pickett, A. C., 49
Pickett, George, 15
Pomeroy, William J., 95, 102
population-centric school, 2, 4, 285
principalia (Philippines), 67, 87, 89, 90
Provincial Reconnaissance Unit program
(Vietnam), 147–148, 165, 276
Provincial Reconstruction Teams (Afghani-
stan), 200, 279
Qaeda, Al. See Al Qaeda
Quat, Phan Huy. See Phan Huy Quat
Quezon, Manuel, 91, 92
Quirino, Elpidio, 96, 98–99, 100, 105, 107,
272, 276
racial tensions: during Reconstruction, 35–36,
41–54, 55–56, 60
Radical Reconstruction. See Reconstruction
Radical Republicans: during the Civil War,
19, 22; during Reconstruction, 34, 35–36,
40, 44
Ragheef, Ahmed Taha Hashim Mohammed
Abu, 250
Rahman, Tunku Abdul, 129–130, 132
Reagan, Ronald, 172; and the Salvadoran
Insurgency, 174, 179, 183
Reconstruction: in Arkansas, 37–38; civilian
elites during, 284; counterinsurgency
leadership during, 35, 36–37, 47–50, 52–54,
60–61; and exclusion of Southern elites
from political activity, 42–43, 60–61, 283;
federal legislation during, 41; Ku Klux Klan
as insurgency during, 44–54; in Louisiana,
54–59; in Missouri, 34–35; in Tennessee,
33–34; in Texas, 38–41; violence in response
to, 33–34, 40–41
Recto, Claro, 105
Rector, Henry M., 26
Republican Party: during Reconstruction,
35–36, 44, 59, 60–61. See also Radical
Republicans
Republican Youth (South Vietnam), 140–141,
145, 164
Revolutionary Development Cadre program,
155
Ricks, Tom, 219
Ritchie, Neil, 115, 280
Robertson, Brian, 121
Robinson, Charles, 22
Romero, Carlos Humberto, 170
Roosevelt, Franklin, 90
Roosevelt, eodore, 65
Rosa, John H., 49
Roxas, Manuel, 93, 94, 96, 98
Rumsfeld, Donald, 213, 226, 229
Sabawi, Latif Mahal Hamoud, 230
Sadr, Muqtada Al, 226, 246, 253, 285
Salvadoran Insurgency, 172–173, 178–180, 183,
185–186; counterinsurgency against, 173–
178, 179, 187–189; and counterinsurgency
leadership, 176–178, 180–182, 184, 187–189,
266; and U.S. involvement in counterin-
surgency eort, 174–178, 179, 187–188, 189,
275–276. See also El Salvador
Samar, Philippines, 73, 80–82
Sanchez, Ricardo, 219, 227, 229, 254, 281
San Salvador, El Salvador: insurgent attacks
in, 185–186
Sattar Abu Risha, Abdul, 240
Scalawags, 43, 60
Schmitt, Gary, 214
Schoeld, John M., 22, 42
Scott, Wineld, 20, 29
Sepp, Kalev, 227–228, 231
September 11, 2001, attacks, 192. See also
Afghanistan
shared identity, 12
Sharkey, Laurence, 111
Sheehan, Neil, 144–145
Sheridan, Philip H., 33, 38–41, 57–59, 61, 262
Sherman, John, 24
346 Index
Sherman, William T., 23–24, 33, 45; leadership
skills of, 24, 262
Shiloh, Battle of, 23
Shinwari, Fazel Hady, 204
Shirzai, Gul Agha, 201
Singletary, Otis A., 43
Slim, William, 121
Slocombe, Walter, 217
Small Wars Manual (U.S. Marine Corps), 3,
126
Smith, Charles H., 37–38, 61
Smith, Edmund Kirby, 38
Smith, Jacob “Hell Roaring Jake,” 81–82
“Soccer War,” 175
sociability, 10
South Carolina, Ku Klux Klan in, 51, 52
South Vietnam: Buddhist protests against
government of, 144, 148–149, 150; defeat of,
163–164; Diem as leader of, 134–143, 145,
275; Khanh as leader of, 146–149; leader-
ship challenges in, 164–165, 265–266, 284;
military setbacks suered by, 149–150; mili-
tias of, 138, 164; ieu as leader of, 150–151,
161, 162, 163, 166. See also Vietnam War
South Vietnamese Civil Guard, 138, 139, 164
South Vietnamese Self-Defense Corps, 138,
139
Soviet Union: occupation of Afghanistan, 191.
See also Communist Party
Spain: as U.S. adversary in the Philippines,
63–64
Spanish-American War, 64–65
Special Branch, 113, 124, 132
Special Forces. See U.S. Army Special Forces
Stanton, Edwin M., 22, 36
state militias during Reconstruction, 43–44,
46–50
Steele, James J., 181–182
Stokes, William B., 25
Sugrue, Dennis, 200
Ta, William Howard, 79
Tajiks, 196, 197, 210. See also Afghanistan
Taliban: in Afghanistan, 192–193, 194; as
insurgency aer September 11, 197–198,
205, 206
Tarbell, John, 37
Taruc, Luis, 91, 93, 104–105
Taruc, Peregrino, 104–105
Templer, Gerald: background of, 121–122, 129;
as counterinsurgency leader in Malayan
Emergency, 122–129, 131–132, 260, 261, 265,
272, 279, 280
Tennessee: during the Civil War, 24–26; Ku
Klux Klan in, 47; during Reconstruction,
33–34, 47
terrorism, dened, 303n3. See also insurgen-
cies
Terry, Alfred Howe, 52
Tet Oensive, 157–158
Texas: during Reconstruction, 38–41
ayer, omas, 162
i, Nguyen Chanh. See Nguyen Chanh i
ieu, Nguyen Van. See Nguyen Van ieu
rockmorton, James W., 39, 40
Tilden, Samuel J., 59
Tinio, Manolo, 89–90
Tinio, Manuel, 89
Toolan, John A., 229, 230
Truman, Harry, 107
Tunku Abdul Rahman, 129–130, 132
Turner, Jeremy, 198
Union army: and Confederate insurgents,
15–17, 18, 23, 26–27, 30–32; as government
administrators, 17; leadership of, 18–19. See
also Civil War
United States: and Afghanistan, 194, 198–201,
203, 206, 207, 210–211; and the Huk Rebel-
lion, 91–92, 98–100, 101, 103, 105, 106, 107;
and Iraq, 213–258; and the Philippines, 71–
72, 78, 90; and the Salvadoran Insurgency,
174–178, 179, 187–188, 189; and the Vietnam
War, 136–138, 142–143, 145–149, 151–156,
165–167. See also Civil War
Upham, D. P., 47, 49
U.S. Agency for International Development,
155–156
U.S. Armed Forces Far East (USAFFE), 91–92,
98
U.S. Army: as adaptive organization, 260–261,
270; personality types in, 269. See also
Union army
U.S. Army /Marine Corps Counterinsurgency
Field Manual, 2, 125–126, 305n14
U.S. Army Special Forces: in Afghanistan,
193, 199, 266; in El Salvador, 176; in Iraq,
221, 266
U.S. Marine Corps: as leaders in Iraq, 219–
220, 266
U.S. Volunteers, 70
Valeriano, Napoleon, 101
Vides Casanova, Carlos Eugenio, 180–181,
188, 272
Viet Cong, 139, 140–142, 143–144, 146, 147,
156–158. See also Ho Chi Minh; North
Vietnam
Index 347
Vietnam: French colonization of, 133–134;
leaders of, 133–134. See also North Vietnam;
South Vietnam; Vietnam War
Vietnam War, 149–150; abuse of civilian
population in, 160–161; CIA’s involvement
in, 147–148; counterinsurgency eorts
in, 138–139, 140–144, 145–148, 154, 276,
280–281; counterinsurgency leadership in,
141–144, 154, 159, 161–162; insurgency in,
139–140, 141; U.S. involvement in, 136–138,
142–143, 145–149, 151–156, 165–167, 276,
277–278; U.S. withdrawal from, 163–164,
278; Viet Cong in, 139, 140. See also North
Vietnam; South Vietnam
Waghelstein, John, 177, 178
Walker, Arthur, 111
Walker, William, 170
Waller, Littleton W. T., 82–83
Wardak, Abdul Rahim, 201, 202–203, 206, 210
Wass de Czege, Huba, 225
Watson, J. L., 50
Wells, Bryan, 116
Wells, G. Wiley, 51
West, Bing, 228
Westmoreland, William, 148–149, 151–153, 155,
158, 162, 280
Wheaton, Loyd, 75
Wheeler, Earle, 151
White League, 55–56, 57, 59
Williams, George H., 54
Williams, Samuel “Hanging Sam,” 137–138,
139, 165
Wol, Terry, 252
Wright, Horatio, 39, 40
Yon, Michael, 234
Young, Samuel B. M., 69