Mackesy P. The War for America, 1775-1783

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naval stores, 168-9;

masts, 169;

dockyards, 169-70;

advocacy of rearmament, 170-5;

achievement, 515

1775:

views on American policy, 61;

rearmament, see above

1778:

doubts wisdom of holding on in America, 155, 182;

and war plans, 174-5, 181-2, 185-6, 192;

remonstrates with Lord Howe on coastal blockade, 150;

and naval dispositions, 194-202;

at Portsmouth, 199, 208;

and hesitation on French declaration of war, 209;

and Channel operations, 208;

and Keppel affair, 239-43, 452

1779:

proposed removal to Secretaryship of State, 244, 246;

and war plans, 249-51, 259;

and Channel operations, 281-9, 293, 295-7;

and home defence, 290-2;

visits Portsmouth, 296-7, 306 n., 308;

and political crisis, 302;

and autumn planning, 306, 308-9, 311-13, 513;

on diplomatic isolation, 314;

and Spanish overture, 372

1780:

response to French intentions, 325-9, 355;

promises superiority in West Indies, 326;

and Channel operations, 357-8;

and command of Channel fleet, 354, 358-9;

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mobbed, 361;

advocates dissolution, 363;

an preparations for 1781, 375;

and breach with Holland, 379

1781:

on relief of Gibraltar, 381;

advocates cession of Minorca, 383;

on crisis in India, 392;

fears for convoys, 392;

and Rodney, 393;

and Channel operations, 398-9;

and Clinton's dissatisfaction, 401-2;

and autumn planning, 440-3, 448-50;

and relief for Minorca, 436-7;

ill-health, 440-1, 460;

fears consequences of defeat in Virginia, 434, 460

1782:

and interception of Guichen, 451;

and West Indian arrangements, 452;

and political crisis, 462, 467-8

comparison with successors, 481, 482, 486

last years, 519, 521

mentioned, 18, 76, 302, 398, 422, 458, 514

Sandy Hook, N.J., 84, 92, 83, 217-19, 276, 347, 350, 420, 422-3, 425, 428

San Fernando de Omoa, see Omoa

San Juan River, 226, 335-6, 374

San Salvador (Bahamas), 226, 423

Santee River, S.C., 340, 343

Saratoga, N.Y., modern Schuylersville, 41, 133, 140

campaign of, see American Colonies

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Convention of, 34, 109, 141, 237, 341;

consequences, 147-60, 175, 182, 203, 255, 257, 408, 512

Sartine, Gabriel de, 104

Saunders, Adm. Sir Charles, 74

Savannah, Ga., 340, 234, 272;

1779 siege, 276-8, 313-4, 317, 329, 350; 337, 342, 344, 408, 428, 435, 454, 461, 466;

British withdrawal, 474, 487, 492; 490

Scarborough, governorship of, 242

Scheldt, River: in 1944, 130; 384

Schuyler, Gen., 131, 133, 135

Schuylkill River, 127, 129-30

Scilly Isles, 191, 206, 287, 293-5, 398, 479

Scotland, 191, 2, 110, 392, 479-80;

military situation, 61, 392 n.;

naval recruits, 179

Scurvy, see Disease

Seaforte, Earl of, 373

Seamen, 64, 65, 67, 166, 170, 171, 174, 176-9, 186, 195, 203-5, 207-8, 210-11, 243, 250, 281-4, 352, 388, 449, 500

Secretaries of State

see also individual Secretaries

duties and role in direction of war, 12-20, 54-5, 118-19, 148, 182, 196, 200, 246, 308, 315, 379, 440-1, 452,

463;

re-organised, 471; 472, 475, 484-5

compete with First Lord of the Treasury for primacy, 21, 54

American Department, 17, 62-3, 67, 116, 117, 186, 188, 197, 312, 316, 433, 442, 462-3, 466;

interest in southern colonies, 43, 233;

Germain in, 55;

history of office, 47, 247, 470

Northern Department, 17, 40, 111, 118, 246, 301, 303, 314, 463

Southern Department, 17, 303, 312, 315, 466

Secretary of State for War (created 1793), 14, 517

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Secretary at War, 10, 14, 369, 371, 517. See also Barrington (Visct.), and Jenkinson

Ségur, 104

Selwyn, George, 4, 189, 434

Senegal, 224, 262, facing page 536

Seven Years War, xv-xvi, 4, 12, 17, 19, 22, 31, 40, 44, 48, 54, 59, 60, 65, 75, 78, 107-8, 166-7, 169, 176, 177, 193-

4, 202, 237, 266, 297, 349, 374, 389, 513

Sheerness, 206, 398

Sheffield, Earl of, 38

Shelburne, Earl of

character and abilities, 50 and n., 472, 480, 484, 505, 510

and Germain, 50-3, 117, 522

and Middleton, 17, 68, 164, 448, 480-1, 484-5, 487;

and Carleton, 148, 492

and orders to Howe (1777), 117

in opposition, 7, 8, 47, 247, 263, 294, 304, 305, 360, 362, 374, 469

in office, 471;

saves Palliser, 472-3;

impression in department, 472, 474;

becomes Prime Minister, 474

and peace negotiations, 474, 505-9;

and direction of war, 474-5, 477, 480-1, 484, 487-8;

fall, 509-10, 519

mentioned, 17, 183, 320, 344 n., 466, 482, 511, 519

Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 7, 473

Shetland Islands, 191, 368, 392, 395

Shipping, British

organisation, 16-17, 67-9, 100, 118, 223, 260, 317, 375, 391

tonnages, 66, 223 n., 477, 488, 492

shortages and difficulties, 18, 63-70, 80, 82, 85, 102, 118-19, 168, 212, 214-15, 260, 329, 339, 352, 367-8, 375-

7, 388-9, 465 n., 475, 477, 480-1, 483, 487-8, 492, 494

pressure on seamen, 176

horses, 67, 128, 214, 407

army transports, 16, 80, 85, 125, 201, 215, 219, 310, 323, 325, 327, 329, 347-9, 367, 374, 391, 407, 425-6, 465

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n., 475-7, 488

merchant ships, 184, 228, 310, 311, 435

Shipping, Rebel:

prizes taken, 100;

suppression of, 29, 98-102, 269, 403.

See also privateers

Ships, American

Hancock (32), 173

Ships, British

Agamemnon (64), 398, 446, 453

Arethusa (frig.), 453

Arrogant (74), 295

Bellona (74), 443 n.

Bienfaisant (64), 322

Blenheim (96), 295

Bonetta (sloop), 332, 461

Bristol (50), 45, 63

Buffalo (60), 393

Canada (74), 393 n.

Cerberus (frig.), 438

Courageux (74), 356

Crescent (frig.), 388

Duke (90), 453 n.

Eagle (64), 85

Enterprise (frig.), 201

Experiment (50), 277

Flying Fish (frig.), 478

Formidable (90), 243

Fortitude (74), 443 n.

Foudroyant (80), 478

Fox (frig.), 173

Gibraltar (80), 420

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Hercules (74), 453 n.

Hornet (sloop), 422

Inflexible (18), 96

Intrepid (64), 323-5

Isis (50), 80, 295

Juno (frig.), 396

Jupiter (50), 473

London (98), 454

Lowestoft (frig.), 80

Magnanime (64), 393, 496-7

Magnificent (74), 453 n.

Marlborough (74), 289

Monarca (68), 391, 496-7

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Namur (64), 453 n.

Prince William (64), 322, 420, 423 and n., 425, 429

Princess Amelia (80), 295, 393

Proserpine (frig.), 196, 200-1

Prudent (64), 457

Queen (90), 478

Ramillies (64), 357, 359, 375

Russell (74), 457

St Albans (64), 295, 457

Sandwich (90), 312, 419

Sultan (74), 393, 496-7

Surprise, 80

Torbay (74), 420, 423 and n., 425, 429

Valiant (74), 453 n.

Victory (100), 240 n., 243

Warrior (74), 453 n.

Ships, French

Caton (74), 458

Jason (64), 458

Magnifique (74), 457

Romulus (44), 454 n.

Zélé (74), 458

Shuldham, Adm. Lord, 74, 100, 291-3

Simpson, James, 233, 256, 271, 341, 343

Skene, Col., 59, 134

Skenesborough, N.Y. (vt.), 41, 59, 132-3

Smith, Adam, 6, 37,

Smith, Frederick, 257 n.

Smith, William, 253, 256, 257 n., 268

Solano, Adm. Josef, 329, 333-4, 375, 416, 419, 456

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Solent, 206, 67

Somerset, 173

Somerset Court House (Millstone), N.J., 92, 98 n.

Sansonate (Guatamala), 226, 335

Sorel (Quebec), 41, 45, 79, 94

Soundings, The, 191, 262, 478

Southampton, Baron, 522 n.

Southern Colonies,

loyalists, 36-7, 43, 159, 403, 466

expedition of 1776, see Charleston

origins of strategy of 1780-1, 43-4, 156-9, 252, 257

hopes of, 267, 271, 276, 385, 401-3, 405, 409

militias, 404-7, 410

Southern Department, see Secretaries of State

South Sea, 335-6;

proposed expedition, 373-6, 379-80, 510.