Mackesy P. The War for America, 1775-1783
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Ligonier, Field-Marshal Earl, and Minden affair, 48-9, 521;
mentioned, 50 n., 52, 181, 209, 223 n.
Lincoln, Gen. Benjamin, 136, 140, 267, 278, 340-1
Lind, James, 177-8
Lindsay, Gen. Sir David, 291-3
Lindsay, Capt., 243 n.
Linzee, Edward, 415 n.
Lions, Gulf of, 191, 436, 438
Lippencote (or Lippincott) Richard, 490-1
Lisbon, 191, 212, 315
Lisburne, Lord, 329
Litchfield, Conn., 92, 98 n.
Liverpool, 191, 280
1st Earl of, see Jenkinson
2nd Earl of, 520
Livius, Peter, 148 n., 149
Lizard Point, 206, 207-8, 281-2, 286, 294, 328, 356-7, 398
Llandaff, Bishop of, see Barrington, Shute
Locke, John, 417
London, West India Trade to, 184;
and home defence, 279, 290
Longford, Capt. Lord, 179
Long Island, 81, 84, 92;
in 1776 operations, 34, 87-8, 91, 100, 105, 121, 127-8, 231;
as dependency of New York, 97, 217, 410;
anchorage, 276;
loyalists, 88;
in 1780 operations, 348-9
Sound, 93, 218, 270, 348-9
Longueuil (Quebec), 41, 94
Lords, House of, see Parliament
Lorient, 191, 441
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Loudon, Gen. the Earl of, 55, 113
Louis XVI, 27, 160
Loughborough, Lord. See Wedderburn
Louisburg, 194, 372
Louisiana, 226, 416
Lowther, Sir John, 321
Loyalists, 31-2, 36, 42-3, 55, 59, 63, 80, 83, 88, 90, 112, 125, 134-5, 152, 157, 159, 189, 213-14, 223, 252, 254-6,
267-9, 271, 341-5, 406-7, 409, 435, 461 and n., 466, 476, 490-1, 511-12, 518. See also Provincial Troops.
Board of, 490-1
Luttrell, Temple, 53, 238, 240
Luzerne, Chevalier de, 349, 419
Lynnhaven Bay, Va., 340, 423
M
Macartney, Earl, 273, 500
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, quoted 136
Macbride, Capt., 243 n.
Mackenzie, Major Frederick, 34, 88 n., 89-90, 321, 407, 421, 422 n., 425-6
Maclean, Col. Allan, 79, 151
Madeira, 224 n., 357, 438, 451, facing page 536
Madras, 495, 380, 391, 437, 450, 473, 494, 496-500
Madrid, 191, 279, 315 n., 316, 355, 357, 371-2
Mahé (Malabar Coast), 380
Mahrattas, 380
Maine, 3, 57, 79, 271, 384
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Maitland, Lt.-Col., 267, 278
Mann, Capt., 438
Manchester, N.Y., 41, 134
Duke of, 362
Manhattan, N.Y., 84, 82, 89, 90, 91, 97, 101, 215, 217, 338, 422
Manila, 374, facing page 536
Mann, Adm., 282, 287
Manners, Lord Robert, 53
(nephew of above), 321 and n., 346, 455
See also Rutland Interest
Mansfield, Earl of, 49, 71, 203 and n., 292-3, 321, 360, 453
Maria-Theresa, Empress, 386
Marines, 45, 171, 178, 186, 204, 272, 275, 278, 357, 437, 521
Commands in, 74, 202, 239, 241-2, 353-4, 359, 472
Marlborough, 1st Duke of, 12, 33, 257
Marseilles, 191, 4
Martin, Gov. Josiah, 43-4, 257, 345
Martinique, 226, 182, 230, 232, 261, 272, 307, 324, 330-3, 386-7, 417, 419-20, 429, 449, 455-9, 507-8
battle of, 331
Maryland, 3, 159, 405, 433
Massachusetts, 3, 41, 81, 1, 58, 60, 80;
militia, 134
Mathew, Gen., 269-70, 348, 444, 471, 475, 487, 510
Mathews, Adm. Thomas, 241, 331
Mauritius, 323, 380, 387, 389, 496-9, facing page 536
Mediterranean, see also Gibraltar, Minorca, 10, 18, 39, 104, 172, 175, 182, 184, 192, 212
strategic importance, 194, 381-2, 514
Russian interest in, 383
in 1778: 194-7, 200
1779: 249-50
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1780: 307, 322, 355
1781: 386, 401, 437
1782: 483-4
Medows, Brig. William, 232, 389-90, 495, 501, 520
Medway, River, 301, 478
Mexico, 374
Gulf of, 226, 275, 307, 506
Middlebrook, N.J., 98
Middle Colonies, 35, 58, 97, 111, 112, 121
Loyalists, 36, 157, 253-4.
See also under separate colonies
in 1779 plans, 253-5
Middleton, Capt. Sir Charles (later Adm. Lord Barham)
character and abilities, 163-5, 398, 485
views, 163-5, 184, 193-4, 321, 354, 471, 484, 497
relations with Shelburne, q.v.
and Navy Board, 163, 165, 485
on Keppel, 165;
on Kempenfelt, 283
and coppering, 285, 356, 379, 400
1778:
appointment as Comptroller, 163-4
1779:
on naval stores, 168;
on Channel operations, 285-6, 296, 309;
on Plymouth defences, 292;
on West Indian strategy, 307
1780:
on Channel operations, 353, 359;
on naval preparations, 375
1781:
on Channel operations, 398, 400, 443;
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on relief for Minorca, 437
after Yorktown, on naval planning, 446, 448-9, 451, 456, 479
(and under new Ministries) 475-6, 479-82, 487-9;
criticism of new Ministers, 480, 482, 484-5, 488
later career, 19, 163, 519
mentioned, 12 n., 17, 18, 67-8, 326, 354
Milbanke, Adm. Mark, 449, 481
Milford Haven (S. Wales), 191, 45
Militia, British, 181, 209, 265, 290, 368, 478
Militia, West Indies, 227, 273, 335, 444, 456
Militias, American
Rebel, 36, 86, 123, 130, 132, 134, 135, 140, 143, 151, 158, 215, 252, 255-6, 277, 343, 344 n., 348, 404-7, 410,
421, 427, 429, 490
French (Canadian), 59
Loyalist, 252, 342-5
Millis, Walter, quoted, 70
Millstone, N. J., 92, 98
Mindanao, 374, facing page 536
Minden, battle of
Germain and, 48-9, 51, 202, 452, 462
political exploitation of, and subsequent allusions, 53, 152, 180, 238, 242, 301, 521-2
Minorca, 191
loss of(1756), 49, 196
importance, 192;
Spanish desire to regain, 28, 279, 386;
vulnerability, 249, 307
1775:
Hanoverian troops for, 39
1780:
relieved, 323, 514
1781:
relieved, 381;
offered to Russia, 382-4;
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attacked, 396-7, 401, 435-6, 482;
attempted relief, 436-8
1782;
surrender, 438, 454, 468;
in peace negotiations, 507-8, 516
mentioned, 123, 180, 194, 384
Miquelon, 3, 508
Mississippi River, 226, 266, 274-5, 506
Moguls, 437
Mohawk River, 41, 60, 115, 131, 135
Monmouth Court House, N.J., battle of, 92, 215
Montagu, Adm. John, 242 and n.
Monteil, Adm., 416, 417-19
Montgomery, Gen. Richard, 57, 79-80
Montreal, 3, 41, 42, 57, 79, 94, 143
Montreal House (Kent), 54
Montserrat (W.I.), 226, 456
Moonlight Battle, see Langara
Moore, Gen. Sir John, 520
Moreno, Adm., 483
Morgan, Daniel, 135, 405-6
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Morristown, N.J., 92, 121, 387
Mosquito Coast, see Nicaragua
Indians, see Indians
la Motte-Picquet, Commodore, 214, 261-2, 272, 273, 392-3, 396-8, 417, 420, 478-9
Moultrie, Gen., 267
Mt Edgcumbe (Cornwall), 210
Mt Kisco, N.Y., 92, 98 n.
Moutray, Capt., 357
Mulgrave, Lord (Capt., R.N. and Lord of Admiralty), 6, 156, 182-3, 199, 328, 356
in Channel fleet, 283, 285, 289, 295-6, 354, 358, 400, 482
views on Navy Board, 165
Münster, Westphalia, 48
Murray, Gen. James, 35, 58, 59 n., 85, 180, 323, 384, 389, 407
in siege of Port Mahon, 397, 438
assessment of Americans, 30
Mysore, 495, 380, 500
N
Nantes, 191, 104
Nantucket Is., Mass., 3, 42
Naples, 315
Napoleon I, 196, 381
Napoleonic Wars, 178, 193, 404, 516, 518
Natchez, Miss., 226, 232
Naval bases, 155-6, 277 n.
See also New York, Rhode Island, Halifax, Antigua, Trincomalee, Portsmouth, Plymouth
need for base south of New York, 100, 155-6, 342, 403, 411-12
Naval Stores
procurement, 16, 158, 394, 481
shortage and difficulties, 167, 207, 210-11
enemy's, 356, 377-9, 394-5, 398-9
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Naval tactics, 169, 210, 322, 331, 423, 458
Navigation, 216, 228, 347, 350, 373, 392, 403 n., 421, 475. See also Communications
Navigation Acts, see Economics
Navy, British
see also Sandwich
Administration, 16.
See also Dockyards, Navy Board, Supplies
patronage and appointments, 9-10, 15, 202, 242-3, 320-1, 353-4, 415, 445, 452, 471-3, 486.
See also Sandwich
ships:
for ships named, see Ships
building, 169-70, 204;
maintenance and preparation (general), 166-7, 170 n., 171 ff;
(particular), 18, 166, 176, 198-200, 203-4, 309, 313, 328, 375-6, 443, 481
coppering and coppered ships, 285, 293, 309, 322-3, 356, 375, 400, 442, 447, 479, 483, 488
see also Naval Stores
manning:
impress service, 176;
wastage, 176.
See also Disease, Seamen
prizes and prize-money, 101 n., 351-2, 389, 390 and n., 416-17, 421, 493
preparations for war, 2, 165-79
ships of the line, wanted for America, 110;
in America, 130, 171-2
frigates, see Cruisers
strategic principles, 193-4, 218, 278, 448, 513-14
autumn and winter cruising, 193, 195, 211, 308-9, 311, 388, 400, 438-40, 459
blockading, see American Colonies, Blockade, and Brest
operations, see Channel Fleet and the various theatres of war
strength and distribution
1776-8: 171-6;
1778: 176, 194-8, 214, 218, 229, 231;
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1779, 249-50, 260, 282, 285, 311;
1780: 325-9, 356, 376;
1781: 388-9, 392-4;
after Yorktown, 439, 443-4, 449-50, 454-5, 457, 484, 487-9
condition in 1783:
509-10, 515
Navy, French
manning, 28;
copper, 323, 379, 448, 499
war preparations, 104, 160, 173-4
1778:
strength and distribution, 174;
in 1778, 192, 197, 199, 207-8, 210, 217, 231;
operations, 210, 217-19, 231-2, 495
1779:
distribution and plans, 249, 261-2, 280-1;
operations, 275-8, 294-7
1780:
distribution and plans, 324, 355, 388;
operations, 330-4, 347-9, 357-8
1781:
distribution and plans, 386-7, 397, 419;
operations, 396-400, 410-12, 417-19, 437, 439, 446, 451, 495-6
1782-3:
plans, 455, 457;
operations, 455-9, 476-8, 498-500
1783:
condition, 509-10
Navy Board
see also Comptroller, Middleton
functions 16;
engrossing tendency, 165;
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ship-building, 170;
naval stores, 168 and n.
management of transports, 66-8, 118-19, 339, 367, 376, 465, 477
preparations for 1776 campaign, 63
Suckling and Middleton as Comptrollers, 163, 485
reform of, 485
mentioned, 44, 283, 292, 309, 319, 326, 398
Naze (of Norway), 191, 481
Neckar, 384, 386
Needles, The, 206, 399
Negapatam, 495, 496, 498, 509
Nelson, Horatio, 163, 196, 211, 336, 520
Netherlands, Austrian, 377
Neutral Rights, 377-8, 509. See also Holland, Armed Neutrality
Nevis (W.I.), 226, 456
New Bedford, Mass., 256
New Brunswick, N.J., 92, 127, 93, 112, 121, 124
Newburgh, N.Y., 92, 97, 98 n.
Newcastle, Del., 127, 126
1st Duke of, 12, 22, 49, 182, 205, 520
2nd Duke of, 221, 244
New England
outbreak of rebellion, 1, 2, 4
Loyalists, 35, 83, 157
militia, 123, 135, 143, 158, 404
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