Mackesy P. The War for America, 1775-1783
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Portland, Duke of, 362
Port Mahon (Minorca), 191, 323, 397, 436
Porto Novo, 495, 497, 505;
battle of, 496
Porto Praya, battle of, 390
Porto Rico, 226, 507
Port Royal (Jamaica), 226, 228, 420, 444
Port Royal Island, S.C., 340, 268
Portsmouth (Hants.), 206, 69-70, 176, 178-9, 192, 200-1, 203, 205, 210, 219 n., 237, 241, 279-81, 289, 296-7, 308,
312, 332, 361, 379, 393, 396, 398, 415 and n., 426, 445-6, 481, 484
dockyard, 167, 170, 280, 312, 361, 446, 449
defences, 290-1, 477
Portsmouth, Va., 340, 270, 402-3, 411
Portugal, 191, 28, 171, 212, 279-80, 315, 322, 333, 356, 372, 377, 389
Post Office, see Communications
Potemkin, Prince, 383
Potomac River, 272
Prescott, Brig.-Gen., 330, 455
President of the Council, Lord, 13, 303
Preston, Major, 79
Prevost, Gen. Augustine, 148, 234, 267, 275, 277-8, 338, 344 n.
Prime Minister, 13, 20-4, 54, 309, 315, 484-5
Princeton, N.J., 92, 127, 93, 97, 124
Pringle, Col., 438 n.
Prisoners, naval, 34
Privateers
enemy, 33, 67, 99, 101, 172-3, 198 n., 228, 231
British, 209, 275, 312, 332, 373, 374, 456
Privy Council, 149, 361, 444
Privy Seal, Lord, 13
Protestant Association, 360
Provence, 4
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Providence, R.I., 81, 98 n., 421
Provincial troops, 122, 137, 231, 233-4, 255, 268-9, 274, 344-5, 385, 493, 518
strength, 526
regiments: Loyal American Rangers (Odell's), 337;
S. Carolina Rangers (Lord Charles Montagu's), 337;
Tarleton's Legion, 344, 518;
Simcoe's, 518
Provisions, see Supplies
Prussia, 1, 160, 377, 518
Pulteney, William, 160, 257
Pye, Adm. Sir Thomas, 9, 242, 285, 359
Putnam, Gen. Israel, 87, 137-9
Q
Quebec, 3, 40, 42, 45, 57, 58, 60;
siege and relief, 77, 79-80, 94; 82, 151, 197, 231, 237, 271, 275, 278, 313, 326, 454
Quebec Act, 76-7, 106
Quiberon, 191, 160
R
Ramapo River, 92, 97-8
Rahl, Col., 112
Rainsford, Gen., 438
Raritan River, 84, 92, (127), 93, 109, 111
Ratisbon, 510
Rawdon, Lord, 89, 213, 338, 407, 408, 490
Ray, Martha, 11, 162, 283
Rayneval, 507
Realejo (Nicaragua), 226, 318, 335
Regiments, British
see also Provincial troops
16th Light Dragoons, 107-8, 128
23rd Light Dragoons, 439 n., 501
1st Guards, 491
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Guards (composite battalions), 62, 64, 69, 85-6, 407
14th Foot, 493 n.
16th Foot, 232
18th Royal Irish, 45
20th Foot, 50
40th Foot, 420
42nd Highlanders (Black Watch), 2, 90, 389 n., 501
60th, 232, 278, 317n.
68th, 489 n.
71st Fraser's Highlanders, (101), 234, 267, 278
73rd Macleod's Highlanders, 494, 500 n.
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78th Highlanders, 373, 501
79th, 317 n., 526
81st, 489 n.
85th, 317 n., 526
86th, 526
87th, 526
88th, 317 n., 526
89th, 526
90th, 526
91st, 526
92nd, 317 n., 526
93rd, 317 n., 337, 526
94th, 317 n., 526
98th (Humberston's), 373-4, 380, 389 n., 501
99th (Rainsford's), 324 n.
100th (Fullarton's), 373-4, 380, 389 n., 501
Sandford's (old 101st), 439 n., 501
Rowley's (old 102nd), 439 n., 501
Bengal Europeans (later 101st), 500
Madras Europeans (later 102nd), 500
Loyal Irish (Dalrymple's), 317 n., 336, 526
Revolution, French, see French Revolution
Rhé, Ile de, 191, 397
Rhode Island, 3, 41, 81,
in British strategy, 58, 60, 476;
as base, 276-7
1776, occupied by British, 93
in 1777 plans, 114-15, 132, 139, 144
1778 plans, 185-6, 214, 217, 223;
operations, 218-19, 221, 277
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1779:
evacuation, 276-8, 347, 352
1780: 334, 346;
French at, 347-52
1781: 376, 382, 410, 413, 421, 423-5, 428, 433, 454 n., 455
mentioned, 87, 97, 103, 105, 110, 111, 121, 232, 255, 308
Richelieu River, 41, 94
Richmond, Va., 340, 409
Richmond, Duke of, 19, 53, 152, 202, 204, 263, 291, 293, 362, 522;
at Ordnance 471, 477, 492 n., 509;
and peace negotiations, 507-10
Va., 409
Ridgebury, Conn., 92, 98 n.
Riedesel, Gen. Baron, 96, 131, 133, 140, 141 n.
Rigby, Richard, 7, 462, 466
Rio de Janeiro, 450, facing page 536
Robertson, Gen. James, 88, 253-5, 257 n.;
and André affair 351; 426, 466, 490, 511
Robertson, Field-Marshal Sir William, 181
Robinson, John
relations with King and North, 24, 172, 209, 245-8, 265, 302-5, 312, 449, 463-5
parliamentary management, 242, 363, 469
provisioning, 216, 223
mentioned, 123-4, 150, 398, 451, 469
Rochambeau, Gen. le Comte de, 98 n., 349-50, 376, 386-7;
in 1781 campaign, 410, 413-14, 419, 421, 424, 433, 454, 489, 510
Rochefort, 191, 49, 322, 441
Rochford, Earl of, 18, 28, 46, 108
Rockingham, Marquis of, 202-3, 205, 305, 360, 362, 469;
becomes Prime Minister, 471;
death, 474
Party, 7, 8, 53, 202, 266, 305, 469
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1st Ministry of, 50
2nd Ministry of, 13, 470, 473, 484, 496
Rodney, Adm. Sir George
character, 319, 321-2;
connections, 9;
earlier career, 319-20;
views on Americans, 30;
on Navy Board, 165;
on Rhode Island, 276;
on command structure, 259;
on Hyde Parker, 395
relations with Germain, 276, 287, 320-1, 415, 418, 420;
with Sandwich, 319-21, 323, 326, 329, 352-4, 392-3, 450, 458-9;
with Vaughan, 329.
See also George III, North
1779:
appointment to Leeward Islands command, 320;
prepares to relieve Gibraltar, 309, 311-13, 317, 356
1780:
relieves Gibraltar, 323-3, 329, 372, 388, 391, 393;
contravenes orders, 323;
to West Indies, 323, 325, 513-14;
operations, 329-34;
at New York, 351-2, 381, 402, 415;
differences with Arbuthnot, 351-2;
on American operations, 351-2, 402;
claim to Marines, 353-4
1781:
arrangements to reinforce, 376-7, 393, 415;
Ministers' expectations of, 386, 393-4, 433;
stores for, 375;
bad state of fleet, 375;
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orders to seize St. Eustatius, 379, 416;
at St. Eustatius, 416-17;
his strategic views, 415;
bad health, 419, 420;
warned of enemy intentions, 418;
operations, 416-19, 429;
response to de Grasse's departure, 259, 419-20, 423;
returns to England, 420;
warns Graves, 422;
on battle of Chesapeake, 424;
responsibility in Yorktown disaster, 429-30
1782:
to West Indies, 439, 444-50, 464;
operations, 456-9, 476, 493, 496, 506, 509;
criticism of Hood, 456;
recall, 472-5
mentioned, 325, 353, 489
Romney, George, 50
Ross, Charles, 435 n.
Ross, Adm. Sir John, 9, 243 n., 282, 478-9
Rous, Sir John, 469
Rousseau, J-J., 161
Rowley, Adm. Sir Joshua, 331, 334, 452
Rumford, Count, see Thompson, Benjamin
Russia:
hopes of Russian help, 58, 61, 110, 250;
in diplomacy, 314, 377, 382-4, 506;
offer of Minorca to, 382-4
Rutland interest, 48, 53, 321. See also Granby, Manners
Duke of, 321, 522
Rutledge, Gov. John, 277
Rye (Sussex), 206, 290
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S
Sackville family, 47
Sackville, Lord (George), see Germain
St Augustine, Fla., 226, 232, 275, 435, 474, 490;
evacuation, 492
St Cas, 48
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St Clair, Gen., 414
St Eustatius, 226, 63, 322, 377, 379, 416-17, 419, 454-5;
convoy from, 392-3, 396, 398, 401
St Helena, 390, facing page 536
St Helens (I.O.W.), 206, 205, 207-8, 295-7
St Ives (Cornwall), 340 n.
St James's, 2;
Square, 54
St John, Henry (Visct. Bolingbroke), 12
St John's, Fort (Quebec), 41, 79
St John's River, Ga., 226, 233
St Kitts (St Christophers), 226, 228, 273-4, 330, 334, 340, 416, 454-6, 469, 474, 509
St Lawrence River, 3, 41, 40, 43, 45, 57, 65, 79, 94, 96, 100, 107, 148, 172, 201, 276, 326, 338, 476
St Leger, Col. Barry, (Canada), 131, 135
Brigadier Antony (West Indies), 418
St Lucia (W.I.), 226
sickly, 229, 334
value, 230, 232, 476
1778: 182-3, 185-6, 190, 214, 220, 224 n.;
capture, 229-32, 237; 261, 354, 389
1779: 272, 273-4;
1780: 330-1, 333-4, 380-1;
1781: 417-18;
1782; 455, 456, 493;
in peace negotiations, 507-8
St Malo, 191, 281, 287;
expedition of 1758, 48, 75, 107
St Nicolas Mole (Haiti), 226, 182-3
St Petersburg, 314, 377 n., 382-3
St Philip's Castle (Port Mahon), 397
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St Pierre (Newfoundland), 3, 508
St Vincent (W.I.), 226, 225, 273, 301, 307, 310, 330
Cape, 191, 322, 356;
battle of (1797), 509
Saints, (Iles des Saintes), battle of the, 226, 321, 455 n., 458-9, 472, (476), 493, 505, 509
Saldanha Bay, 390 n.
Salisbury (Wilts.), 206, 290
Salisbury, N. C., 340, 406
San Domingo, 226, 310, 414, 416, 418-19, 439, 452, 455-6, 458, 493, 507, 509
Sandwich, Earl of
character and abilities, 19, 162, 165, 321, 443, 484, 521;
Middleton's views on, 163, 165, 321, 443, 484, 521;
financial straits, 10, 462, 467
fear of personal responsibility and public opinion, 13, 250, 283-4, 286-8, 295-6, 306 and n., 309, 313, 357, 359,
399, 440, 443, 452, 515
predilection for defensive strategy, 174, 194-5, 250-1, 259, 308, 328, 514-15
exercise of patronage, 10-12, 321, 415, 452, 486
relations with naval officers, 74, 99, 150, 202, 219, 242-3, 282-4, 296-7, 331, 341, 353, 357-9, 395, 401-2, 415,
421, 452.
See also Keppel, Rodney, Palliser
relations with Germain, 53-4, 119, 153 n., 246, 251, 327, 341, 401-2, 440-2, 451;
with North, 312, 358;
with George III, q.v.
Parliamentary connection, 7-8, 10, 472
on limits of national effort, 170;
on reconnaissance of Brest, 391;
and intelligence, 192, 391, 447;
and blockade of Brest, 193
absent from office, 57, 64, 327
and naval preparations:
foresees necessity, 167, 183;
measures, 162-76, 204, 362;
parliamentary statement, 175;