MacBain Alexander. Etymological Dictionary of Scottish-Gaelic 2nd Edition

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[mokru@u], wet, Lit. [makone], puddle; Stokes agrees, giving Celtic

as [*mâkni-], [môkni-]. It is doubtful if W. [k] would disappear

before [n] (cf. [deur]). W. has also a form [migen], [mign], a bog.

<moineis>, false delicacy (M`A.), <moinig>, vanity, boasting; from

root [mon], [men], mind?

<moire>, <a more>, certainly, hercle, Ir. [iomorro], indeed, however,

O.Ir. [immurgu], autem.

<moirear>, a lord, O.G. [mormćr] (Book of Deer), M.G. [morbhair]

(M`V.), M.Ir. [mormhaer] (Muireach Albanach), [murmor]

(M`Firbis); from [mór] and [maor], "great steward".

<mňirneas>, creat cascade, streams (Oss. Ballads); from [mór] and [eas]?

<moit>, pride, sulkiness, Ir. [moiteamhuil], sulky, nice, pettish (Con.,

O'R., M`F.); cf. E.Ir. [mochtae], magnified, [*mog-tio-s], root

[mog], [mag], great. O.Ir. [móidem], boasting, praise.

<mol>, praise, advise, Ir. [molaim], O.Ir. [molid], laudat, W. [moli],

[mawl], laus, Br. [meuli]: [*molô], [*mâlo], "magnify"; root [mo@-l],

[mel], be strong; Gr. @G[mála], very; Lat. [melior], better; Lit.

[milns], very many, Ch.Slav. [iz-molęti], eminere (Stokes).

Windisch has compared it to Ch.Sl. [moliti], ask, Lit. [myleti],

love, Gr. @G[méle], friend, @G[meílihos], gentle.

<mol>, <mal>, a shingly beach; from Norse [möl], g. [malar], pebbles,

bed of pebbles on the beach; root [mel], grind.

<molach>, hairy, rough, Ir. [mothlach], rough, bushy (O'R.), [muthalach],

shaggy (Fol.). If the Irish form is right, it cannot be allied

to I.E. [ml@.o-s], wool, Gr. @G[mallós], wool, tuft, Lit. [millas], woolen

stuff.

<moll>, chaff, Ir. [moll] (O'R.), W. [mwl]: [*muldo-]; Eng. [mould], Got.

[mulda], dust, O.H.G. [molt], dust, mould; root [mel], grind.

Borrowed from Welsh?

--page 254

<mollachd>, a curse; the Northern form of [mallachd], q.v.

<mňlltair>, a mould; from Eng. [moulter], [mould].

<molltair>, miller's share of the grain or meal (Lewis) = [multure]:

<monahdh>, a mountain range, W. [mynydd], mons, Cor. [menit], [meneth],

O.Br. [-monid], M.Br. [menez], mountain: [*monijo-], [*menijo-],

root [men], eminere, Eng. [eminent]. Cf. Welsh inscription

[Monedorigi], "mountain-king"; also middle G. name of St

Andrews - [Rig-monath] (Chronicles). The Ir. [monadh] appears

only in Lh.; O'Br. gives [mónadh]. The G. word may have

been borrowed from the Picts along with the place-names in

which it appears: it is rare in Argyle topography.

<monaid>, heed:

<monais>, slowness, negligence; root [men], stay, Gr. @G[ménw].

<monar>, a diminutive person or thing, <monaran>, a mote; see [munar].

<monasg>, chaff, dross; from the root of the above.>>

<monmhur>, <monaghar>, a murmuring noise, Ir. [monmhar], [monbhar],

murmuring, [monghair], [monghar], roaring: [*mon-mur]; cf.

Lat. [murmur].

<mór>, great, Ir. [mór], O.Ir. [mór], [már], W. [mawr], O.W., Cor. [maur],

Br. [meur], Gaul. [-mârós]; Gr. @G[-mwros], great, famed (@G[e@'ghesí-mwros])

in spear-throw; Got. [-męrs], famed, [męrian],

proclaim, O.H.G. [mâri], famed, [-mar] in Germanic names

Ger. [märchen], a tale, Norse [m@oerr], famous; Slav. [-meru]

([Vladimir], etc.); Lat. [merus], Eng. [mere]. A shorter form of

the stem ([*mâro-]) appears in [mň], greater ([mâ]), q.v.

<morbhach>, land liable to sea flooding, Ir. [murbhach], M.Ir.

[murmhagh]; from [muir] and [magh]. Hence the locative

[A' Mhor'oich], the G. name of Lovat. Aran Ir. [muirbheach],

sandy soil by the seaside.

<morghath>, a fishing spear; "sea-spear", from [muir] and [gath]? M.Ir.

[murgai] (B.of Lis.).

<mňrnan>, a small timber dish, Ir. [mórnán]:

<mort>, murder, Ir. [mort], M.Ir. [martad], slaughtering; from Lat.

[mort-] of [mors], [mortis], death.

<mortar>, mortar, Ir. [mortaoil]; from the Eng.

---KPD: Connection of [mortaoil] with [aol]?

<mosach>, nasty, dirty; see [musach].

<mosgail>, waken, arouse, Ir. [músguilim], [músglaim], M.Ir. [romuscail],

he awoke, [musclait], they wake: [*imm-od-sc-al], root [sec] of

[důisg].

<mosradh>, coarse dalliance, <mosraiche>, smuttiness; from [mos] with

suffix [radh]. See [musach] for root.

<mothaich>, perceive, Ir. [mothuighim], M.Ir. [mothaigim], perceive,

O.Ir. [mothaigid], stupeat (?); root [mot], [met], Lit. [matyti], see,

Lettic [matít], perceive, Ch.Slav. [motriti], spectare, Gr. @G[mateúw],

seek.

--page 255

<mothan>, bog violet:

<mňthar>, loud noise, swelling of the sea, <mothar>, noise as from

a cave (M`A.):

<mothar>, a park, clump of trees (Arm.), M.Ir. [mothar], enclosure,

a place studded with bushes:

<mu>, about, Ir. [um], [im], O.Ir. [imb], [imm-], W. [am], Cor., Br. [am-], [em],

Gaul. [ambi]: [*ambi], [*m@.bi]; Lat. [ambi-]; Gr. @G[a@'mfí]; Ag.S. [ymb].

<muc>, a pig, Ir. [muc], O.Ir. [mucc], W. [moch], pigs, Br. [moc'h], pigs:

[*mukku-]; Lat. [műcus], [muccus], mucus; Gr. @G[múxa], phlegm,

@G[a@'pomússw], wipe the nose, @G[muktc/r], nose; Skr. [muńcáti], let

loose.

<mucag>, a hip or hep, fruit of the dog-rose, M.Ir. [mucóra]; from

[muc] above. Cf. Gr. @G[múkcs], a mushroom, from the same root.

<můch>, smother, press down, Ir., O.Ir. [múchaim], also E.Ir. [múch],

smoke, W. [mwg], smoke, Cor. [mok], [megi], stifle, Br. [mik], suffocation,

[miga], be suffocated, [moguiet], smoke: [*műko-], root

[sműk], [sműg], ([sműgh], [smaugh]), Eng. [smoke], Gr. @G[smúhw],

smoulder ([v] long). Stokes suggests old borrowing from the

Ag.S. Hence <můchan>, a vent or chimney, Ir. [múchán] (O'B.).

<můdan>, a covering, covering for a gun:

<mugha>, destruction, decay, Ir. [múgha], a perishing, straying, M.Ir.

[mugud], slaying, [mogaim], I slay:

<mugharn>, ankle, so Ir.; cf. W. [migwrn], ankle, joint, Br. [migorn],

cartilage, which Stokes compares to Lat. [mucro], point.

<muidhe>, a churn, E.Ir. [muide], a vessel, [buide], a churn, W. [buddai],

churn. Stokes compares [buide] and [buddai] to Gr. @G[píqos], jar,

Lat. [fedelia], pot, which is related to Eng. [body]. The form

[muidhe] has been compared to Lat. [modius], a peck, Fr. [muid],

hogshead.

<muidse>, a mutch; from the Sc. [mutch], Ger. [mütze].

<můig>, <můg>, cloudiness, gloom, surliness, Ir. [múig]: [*munki-], root

[muk], smoke, as in [můch]? Or [*mu@-ggi-], allied to Eng. [muggy]?

<muigh>, <a muigh>, outside; see [mach].

<muilceann>, fell-wort, Ir. [muilcheann]:

<muileach>, dear, beloved: [*molico-], from [mol], praise?

<muileag>, a cranberry:

<muileann>, a mill, so Ir., O.Ir. [mulenn], [muilend], W., Corn., Br.

[melin]; from Lat. [molîna], a mill, [molo], grind (see [meil]).

G. <muillear>, miller, E.Ir. [muilleóir], is for [*muilneóir].

<muileid>, a mukle, Ir. [múille]; from Lat. [mulus].

<muillean>, a husk, particle of chaff; from [moll].

<muillean>, a truss (of hay or straw): cf. Sc. [mullio] (Orkney), and

see under [mul], heap.

<muillion>, a million, Ir. [milliun]; from the L.Lat. [millionem],

coined from [mille], a thousand.

--page 256

<muilteag>, a certain small red berry (Dial. H.S.D.). See [muileag].

<muime>, a step-mother, nurse, Ir. [buime], [muime], a nurse, E.Ir.

[mumme], nurse, stepmother: [*mud-s-mjâ], nurse, "suckler",

root [mud], suck; Lat. [mulier], woman; Gr. @G[múxw], suck, @G[múdos],

damp; Lit. [máudyti], bath. It has also been paralleled to

Lat. [mamma], Ger. [muhme], mother's sister, stepmother.

<muin>, teach, instruct, Ir. [múinim], O.Ir. [múnim]:

<muin>, the back, Ir. [muin], E.Ir. [muin], back, neck, W. [mwn], neck:

[*moni-], neck; Skr. [mányâ], neck; Lat. [monile], necklace;

O.H.G. [menni], neck ornaments, Ag.S. [mene], neck-chain;

Ch.Slav. [monisto], necklace. See [muineal], [muing]. Gaulish

had also @G[maniákcs], collar or torque.

<můin>, micturate, Ir. [mún], urine, E.Ir. [mún], root [meu] [mű], befoul;

Skr. [mu@-/tra] urine; possibly also Lat. [műto], [mutto], penis,

E.Ir. [moth], ball ferda.

<muineal>, the neck, Ir. [muineul], E.Ir. [muinél], W. [mwnwgl]:

[*moniklo-]; from [*moni-] of [muin], back, q.v.

<muineasach>, depressed (Glenmoriston):

<muing>, a name, Ir. [muing], O.Ir. [mong], W. [myng] (m.), M.Br. [móe],

Br. [moue]: [*mongâ], [*mongo-], root [mon] of [muin], back, q.v.

Further is Eng. [mane], Norse [mön], Ger. [mähne]; Swed. and

Dan. [manke] is especially close to Gaelic.

<muinichill>, <muilichinn> (Arg.), a sleeve, Ir. [muinichille], [muinchille],

E.Ir. [munchille]; from Lat. [manicula], [manica], long sleeve,

from [manus], hand.

<muinighin>, confidence, trust, so Ir., E.Ir. [muinigin]; from [*moni-],

love, desire, Norse [munr], love, O.Sax. [munilîk], lovable; root

[men], think (Lat. [mens], Eng. [mind], etc.).

<muinne>, stomach (Arg.). Cf. [mionach].

<muinnte>, <munnda>, beauteous; cf. Lat. [mundus].

<můinnteachd>, disposition (Dial.); for root see [muinighin], and cf.

O.Ir. [muiniur], I think.

<muinntir>, household, people, Ir. [muinntir], O.Ir. [muinter], [muntar].

This is regarded by Stokes, Zimmer, and Güterbock as an

early borrowing from the Lat. [monasterium], monastery; the

word [familia] is often applied to monasteries by Irish writers.

<muir>, the sea, Ir. [muir], O.Ir. [muir], gen. [mora], W. [môr], Cor.,

Br. [mor], Gaul. [mor-]: [*mori-], sea; Lat. [mare]; Eng. [mere],

Ger. [meer]; Ch.Slav. [morje].

<můire>, leprosy; from [můr], a countless number, q.v.

<muirgheadh>, a fisihing spear; see [morghath].

<muirichinn>, children, family, Ir. [muiridhin], a charge, family:

[*mori-], care, charge, root [mer], [smer], remember; Lat. [memoria],

memory; Gr. @G[mérimna], care; Skr. [smarati], think, mind,

[*mori-gen-].

--page 257

<můirn>, joy, affection, Ir. [múirn], [múirnín] (Eng. [mavourneen],

my darling), M.Ir. [múirn], [muirn]: [*morni-], root [mor], [mer],

[smer], as in [muirichinn] above.

<můiseag>, a threat, <muiseag> (Arm.); from [mus] of [musach].

<muisean>, a mean, sordid fellow; see [musach] for the root.

<můisean>, a primrose, Ir. [múiseán] (O'B.):

<muiseal>, a muzzle, Ir. [muisiall]; from the Eng.

<muisginn>, an English pint, mutchkin; from the Sc. [mutchkin],

Dutch [mutsje], an eighth part of a bottle.

<mul>, a conical heap, mound, Ir. [mul], [moil], E.Ir. [mul-], eminence:

[*mulu-]; cf. Norse [múli], jutting crag, "mull", Ger. [maul],

snout. Cf. Gr. [mulon], little heap of dried grass. [mul-conain],

conical suppurating sore.

<mul>, axle, Ir. [mul], [mol], shaft; cf. Gr. @G[melíc], ash, spear.

<mulachag>, a cheese, Ir., M.Ir. [mulchán]:

<mulad>, sadnmess; root [mu], mutter?

<mulart>, dwarf elder, Ir. [mulabhúrd], [malabhúr], [mulart] (O'B.):

<mulc>, push, butt; cf. Lat. [mulceo], [mulco], stroke, beat.

<mulc>, a shapeless lump, lump; <mulcan>, a pustule; cf. [meall]:

<mullach>, the top, Ir., O.Ir. [mullach]: [*muldâko-], [*muldo-], top,

head; Ag.S. [molda], crown of the head; Skr. [műrdhán], top,

head.

<mult>, a wedder, Ir., O.Ir. [molt], W. [mollt], Cor. [mols], vervex, Br.

[maout], a sheep (mas.): [*molto-], root [mel], [mol], crush, grind,

"mutilate"; Russ. [moliti@u], cut, cut up, O.H.G. [muljan],

triturate. Hence M.Lat. [multo], whence Fr. [mouton], a sheep,

Eng. [mutton].

<munar>, a trifle, a trifling person, <monar>, diminutive person or

thing:

<minganachd>, bullying:

<můnloch>, a puddle, Ir. [múnloch], gen. [múnlocha]; from [mún] and [loch].

<mur>, unless, Ir. [muna] (Donegal Ir. [mur]; Monaghan has [amur] =

[acht muna], unless), M.Ir. [mun], [moni], [mona], E.Ir., O.Ir.

[mani]; from [ma], if, and [ni], not: "if not". The G. [r] for [n] is

possibly due to the influence of [gur] and of the verbal particl

[ro-] (in [robh]); [mun-robh] becoming [mur-robh].

<můr>, a wall, bulwark, palace, Ir., E.Ir. [múr], W. [mur]; from Lat.

[műrus], a wall.

<můr>, countless number (as of insects), E.Ir. [múr], abundance; Gr.

@G[muríos] ([u] long), countless, ten thousand; Skr. [bhűri], many.

Stokes compares rather Gr. @G[-mura] of @G[plc/mura] ([u] long),

@G[plcmurís] ([u] short or long), flood tide, flood. <můr>, leprosy =

countless number.

--page 258

<muran>, sea-bent, Ir. [muraineach], bent grass; from [muir], the sea.

Norse has [mura], goose-grass.

<murcach>, sorrowful, Ir. [murcach], [múrcach]; cf. M.Br. [morchet],

anxiety, now [morc'hed], Cor. [moreth], chagrin. Eng. [murky],

Norse [myrkr] could only be allied by borrowing. Cf. Lat.

[marceo], droop.

<můrla>, a coat of mail:

<murlach>, the king-fisher:

<murlag>, <murluinn>, a kind of basket, <murlach>, fishing basket

(M`A.), Ir. [muirleog], a rod basket for sand eels and wilks

(Donegal). Cf. Sc. [murlain], a narrow-mouthed basket of a

round form.

<murlan>, rough head of hair:

<murrach>, able, rich, [murrtha], successful, M.Ir. [muire], [muiredach],

lord, Murdoch; Ag.S. [maere], clarus, Norse [maerr], famous

(Stokes), same root as [mór].

<murt>, murder; see [mort].

<murtachd>, sultry heat, weariness produced by heat:

<mus>, before, ere; cf. O.Ir. [mos], soon, mox, used as a verbal

particle; it is allied to [moch], being from [*moqsu], Lat. [mox].

<musach>, nasty, Ir. [mosach] (O'R., Sh.), W. [mws], effluvia, stinking,

Br. [mous], muck, [mouz], crepitus ventris: [*musso-], [*mud-so-],

root [mud], be foul or wet; Gr. @G[músos] (= @G[múd-sos]), defilement,

@G[múdos], clamminess, decay; Lit. [mudas], dirty sea-grass: root

[mu] ([mu@-]), soil, befoul, G. [můin], Eng. [mud], etc.

<musg>, a musket, Ir. [músgaid], L.M.Ir. [muscaed] (F.M.); from the

Eng.

<můsg>, rheum about the eyes, gore of the eyes; from the root [mű],

befoul, be wet, as discussed under [musach], [můin].

<musgan>, dry-rot in wood, Ir. [musgan], mustiness, mouldiness; Lat.

[muscus], moss; Eng. [moss], [mushroom]; Lit. [musai] (pl.), mould.

This word is not in H.S.D., but it is implied in Arm. and is

in M`E.; also in common use.

<můsgan>, pith of wood, porous part of a bone (H.S.D.). Armstron

gives also the meanings attached to <musgan>, above; the

words are evidently the same.

<můsgan>, the horse fish:

<můsuinn>, confusion, tumult, Ir. [múisiún], codlata, hazy state

preceding sleep. From Eng. [motion]?

<mutach>, short, E.Ir. [mut], everything short: [*mutto-], root [mut],

dock; Lat. [mutilus], maimed (Eng. [mutilate]), [muticus], docked;

Gr. @G[mítulos], hornless.

<můtan>, <mutan>, a muff, fingerless glove, also <mutag> (Arms.); from

[miotag], with a leaning on [mutach], short. Thurneysen takes

--page 259

it from [mutach] without reference to [miotag]. Ir. has [muthóg]

(Con.).

<můth>, change, M.W. [mudaw]; from Lat. [műto], I change.

<n->, from, in <a nuas>, <a něos>, Ir., O.Ir. [an-]; see [a] number 5.>>

<na>, not, ne, Ir., O.Ir. [na]: used with the imperative mood solely.

It is an ablaut and independent form of the neg. prefix [in]

(see [ion-], [an-]), an ablaut of I.E. [nę], Lat. [nę], Gr. @G[nc-]; shorter

from Lat. [ne@u-], Got. [ni], Eng. [not] (ne-á-wiht]), etc.; further I.E.

[n@.-], Gr. @G[a@'n-], Lat. [in-], Eng. [un-], Gaelic [an-]. See [nach], which is

connected herewith as Gr. @G[ou@'k], @G[ou@']; the W. is [nac], [nag], with

imperative, Br. [na].

<na>, or, vel, Ir. [ná], E.Ir., O.Ir. [nó], W. [neu]: [*nev] (Stokes, who

allies it to Lat. [nuo], nod, Gr. @G[neúw], Skr. [návate], go remove;

but, in 1890, Bez. Beit.@+[16] 51, he refers it to the root [nu],

Eng. [now]). It can hardly be separated from [neo], otherwise,

q.v. Strachan agrees.

<na>, than, Ir. [ná], M.Ir. [iná], E.Ir. [inda], [indás], O.Ir. [ind as], [indás],

pl. [indate] (read [indáte]); from the prep. [in] and [tá], to be

(Zeuss@+[2], 716-7, who refers to the other prepositional comparative

conjunction [oldaas], from [ol], de). The use of [in] in

O.Ir. as the relative locative may also be compared.

<na>, what, that which, id quod, M.Ir. [ina], [ana], inna n-], E.Ir.

[ana n-]; for [an a], O.Ir. rel. [an] (really neuter of art.) and

G. rel [a], which see. Descent from [ni] or [ni], without any

relative, is favoured by Book of Deer, as [do ni thíssad], of

what would come. Possibly from both sources.

<'na>, <'na->, in his, in her, in (my); the prep. [an] with the possessive

pronouns: <'nam>, <'nar>, <'nad> (also <ad>, E.Ir. [at], [it]), <'nur>, <'na>,

<'nan>.

<nŕbaidh>, <nŕbuidh>, a neighbour; from the Norse <nŕ-búi>, neighbour,

"nigh-dweller", the same in roots as Eng. [neighbour].

<nach>, not, that not (conj.), that not = quin (rel), noone? Ir., E.Ir.

[nach], W. [nac], [nag], not, Br. [na]: [*nako], from [na], not, which

see above, and [ko] or [k] as in Gr. @G[ou@'k] against @G[ou@'] (Stokes). The

[ko] has been usually referred to the same pronominal origin

as [-que] in Lat. [neque]; it does appear in [neach].

<nŕdur>, nature, Ir. [nádúr], W. [natur]; from Lat. [natura].

<naid>, a lamprey (Sh., O'B.), Ir. [naid]:

<naidheachd>, news, Ir. [núaidheachd], W. [newyddion]; from [nuadh],

new.

<nŕile>, yea! an interjection:

--page 260

<nŕird>, <a nŕird>, upwards, Ir. [anáirde], E.Ir. [i n-ardi], [i n-airddi];

prep. [in] (now [an]) into, and [ŕirde], height: "into height".

This adverb is similar in construction to [a bhŕn], [a mach], [a steach],

etc., for which see [a] number 6.>>

<nŕire>, shame, Ir. [náire], E.Ir. [náre]: [*nagro-], shameful, root [nagh],

be sober, Gr. @G[nc/fw] (do.), Ger. [nüchtern], fasting, sober.

<nŕisneach>, modest; compare the next word.>>

<nŕistinn>, care, wariness; from Norse [njósn], spying, looking out,

Got. [niuhseini], visitation (@G[e@'piskopc/]), Ag.S. [neósan], search out.

<naitheas>, harm, mischief:

<nall>, from over, to this side, Ir., O.Ir. [annall]; from [an] (see [a] 5>>)

and [all] of [thall], q.v.

<nŕmhaid>, an enemy, Ir. [námhaid], g. [namhad], O.Ir. [náma], g.

[námat], pl.n. [námait]: [*nâmant-], root [nôm], [nem], seize, take;

Gr. @G[némesis], wrath, nemesis, @G[nwmáw], @G[némw], distribute; O.H.G.

[nâma], rapine, Ger. [nehmen], take, Eng. [nimble]; Zend. [nemanh],

crime, Alb. [name], a curse. Cf. W., Corn., and Br. [nam],

blame.

<na'n>, ([na'm]), if (with false supposition), M.G. [dane], [da n-], [da m-]

(D.of Lis.), Ir. [da], [dá] (for [da n-], eclipsing), E.Ir. [dá n-],

[día n-], O.Ir. [dian]: the prep. [di] or [de] and rel. [an]; Manx [dy].

The G. form with [n] for [d] is puzzling, though its descent from

[da n-] seems undoubted.

<naoi>, nine, so Ir., O.Ir. [nói n-], W., Corn. [naw], Br. [nao]: [*neun@.];

Lat. [novem]; Gr. @G[e@'n-néa]; Eng. [nine], Ger. [neun]; Skr. [návan].

<naoidhean>, an infant, so Ir., O.Ir. [nóidiu], gen. [nóiden]: [*ne-vid-],

"non-witted"? Cf. for force Gr. @G[nc/pios], infant (= @G[nc-pios],

not-wise one), from @G[-pi[f]os], wise, @G[pinutós] (do.), root [qei] of [ciall],

q.v. So Stokes in Celt.Ph.@+[2]; now [*no-vidiôn] ([no] = [ne]); cf.

Gr. @G[nc/pios].

<naomh>, holy, Ir. [naomh], E.Ir. [nóem], [nóeb], O.Ir. [nóib]: [*noibo-s];

O.Pers. [naiba], beautiful, Pers. [nîw] (do.). Bez. suggests the

alternative of Lettic [naigs], quite beautiful.

<naosga>, a snipe, Ir. [naosga]: [*snoib-sko-], root [sneib], [snib] of Eng.

[snipe]?

<nar>, negative particle of wishing: [*ni-air], for not; [air] and [ně].

<nŕsag>, an empty shell:

<nasg>, a band, tieband, collar, Ir., E.Ir. [nasc]: [*nasko-]; O.H.G.

[nusca], fibula, Norse [nist], brooch: [*n@.dh-sko-], root [n@.dh] (Brug.).

The verg [nasg], O.Ir. [-nascim], appears in Br. as [naska]. The

root [nedh] is in Skr. [nahyati]. Others make the root [negh] of

Lat. [nexus], etc., and the root [snet] of [snŕth], q.v., has been

suggested. See [snaim] further.

<nasgaidh>, gratis, free, Ir. [a n-aisge], freely, [aisge], a gift. See

[asgaidh].

--page 261

<natar>, nitre; from Eng. [natron], [nitre],

<nathair>, a serpent, so Ir., O.Ir. [nathir], W. [neidr], Corn. [nader],

M.Br. [azr]: [*natrîx]; Lat. [natrix], water snake; Got. [nadrs],

Norse [nađr], Eng. [adder]. The Teutonic words are regarded

by Kluge as scarcely connected with Lat. [natrix], whose root

is [nat], swim.

<-ne>, emphatic participle added to the pl. of 1st pers. pron. [sin-ne],

[ar n-athair-ne], "our father"; O.Ir. [ni], [-ni], used independently

(= [nos]) and as a suffix. See further under [sinne].

<neach>, anyone, Ir. [neach], O.Ir. [nech], aliquis, W., Cor., Br. [nep], [neb],

quisquam: [*neqo-], [ne-qo-]; Lit. [nekŕs], something, [nekúrs],

quidam, Let.. [ká ne ká], anyhow. Stokes takes the [ne] from

the negative root [ne] (se [na]); the [qo] is the pronominal stem

of the interrogative (cf. Lat. [-que], [neque]).

<nead>, a nest, Ir. [nead], E.Ir. [net], W. [nyth], Corn. [neid], Br. [nez], [neiz]:

[*nizdo-s]; Lat. [nîdus]; Eng. [nest]; Skr. [nîdas]. Supposed to

be from [*ni-sed-], "sit down".

<nčamh>, heaven, Ir. [neamh], O.Ir. [nem], W., Corn. [nef], M.Br. [neff],

now [env]: [*nemos]; Skr. [námas], bowing, reverence; Lat.

[nemus], grove; Gr. @G[némos], pasture: root [nem], distribute, Gr.

@G[némw] (do.), Ger. [nehmen], take. Gaulish has @G[nemcton] or

@G[nemeton], O.Ir. [nemed], sacellum. Often, and lately (1895) by

Prof. Rhys, referred to the root [nebh], be cloudy, Gr. @G[néfos],

cloud, Lat. [nebula] (see [neul]); but the Gaelic nasalized [ča] is

distinctly against this, as also is the Br. [env] (Stokes).

<neamhnuid>, a pearl, Ir. [meamhunn], M.Ir. [niamnuid], pearl, E.Ir.

[nemanda], pearly, O.Ir. [ném], onyx (for [nem]?); root [nem] of

[nčamh].

<neanntag>, nettle, Ir. [neantóg], E.Ir. [nenntai], nettles, [nenaid]. See

[deanntag].

<neapaicin>, a napkin, Ir. [naipicín]; from Eng.

<nčarahd>, happiness, usually <mo nčarachd>, lucky to, Ir. [moigheanéar],

happy is he (O'B.), [is meanar duit-se], happy it is for you

(O'Growney), M.Ir. [mo ghenar duit], good luck to you (F.M.),

[mongenar] (L.B.), E.Ir. [mogenar]. The root seems to be [mag]

(I.E. [magh]), increase (see [mac]); cf. Lat. [macte], root, [mak],

great.

<nearag>, a daughter (Oss. Ballads); if a word properly handed

down, it is interesting to compare it with the root of the

following.>>

<neart>, strength, Ir. [neart], O.Ir. [nert], W., Corn. [nerth], Br. [nerz],

Gaul. [nerto-], root [ner]; Skr. [nár], man; Gr. @G[a@'nc/r] (root [ner]);

Lat. Umbr. [nerus], viros, Sab. [Nero], fortis; Teut. [Nerthus],

Norse {Njörđr]; Lit. [nore@?ti], to will.

--page 262

<neas>, weazel; see [nios].

<neasg>, <neasgaid>, a boil, Ir. [neascóid], E.Ir. [nescoit]: [*ness-conti-],

from E.Ir. [ness], wound ([*snit-so-], root [snit], cut. Ger. [schneide],

S. [sned]), and [-conti-] found in [urchoid]? Stokes regards E.Ir.

[ness], wound, as from [*nesko-], root [neg].

<neimh>, poison, Ir. [nimh], [neimh], O.Ir. [nem], pl. [neimi]: [*nemes-],

"something given", root [nem-], distribute (as in [nčamh])?

<nčip>, a turnip; from the Sc. [neep], M.Eng. [ne@-pe], from Lat. [nâpus].

<neo>, <air neo>, otherwise, alioquin (conj.); see next.>>

<neo->, un-, Ir. [neamh-], [neimh-], M.Ir. [nem], O.Ir. [neb-], [neph-]: [*ne-bo-];

the [ne] is the negative seen in [na], [ni], but the [bo] is doubtful.

Zimmer suggests that [b] is what remains of the subj. of [bu],

be: "be not".

<neňinean>, <neňnan>, the daisy, Ir. [nóinin]: "noon-flower", from

[nňin], noon. Cf. the Eng. [daisy] for force.

<neňnach>, eccentric, curious: [*neo-gnŕthach], "unwont".

<neonagan>, a stye in the eye (Arg.); cf. [leamhnad]. Also [steňnagan];

cf. Sc. [styen].

<neoni>, nothing, a trifle, O.Ir. [nephní]; from [neo-] and [ni], thing.

<neul>, <nial>, a cloud, Ir. [neul], O.Ir. [nél], pl.acc. [níula], W. [niwl], mist:

[*neblo-s]; Lat. [nebula]; Gr. @G[nefélc]; Ger. [nebel], mist; O.Slav.

[nebo], sky; Skr. [nabhas], mist.

<ni>, not, Ir. [ní], O.Ir. [ní], [ni], W. [ni]: [*nei]; O.Lat. [nei], Lat. [ni-], [nę];

O.H.Ger. [ni], Ger. [nein]; O.Slav. [ni], neque; Zend [naę];

Gr. @G[nc-]. Thur. says [*ne-est] = [*nést], Celtic [níst], [něs], [ni h-]

non-aspirating.

<ni>, a thing, Ir. [nidh], O.Ir. [ní], res, probably a curtailed form of

O.Ir. [aní], id quod, from the art.neut. and the pronominal

suffix [ei], which Zimmer compares to Got. [ei], that (conj.),

[sa-ei], [that-ei], which is either the locative of pronominal [o-]

(Gr. @G[ei@'], I.E. [ei-so], this here), or the particle seen in Gr.

@G[ou@`tos-í] ([i] long), an instrumental of Lat. [is], Gaelic [e], he.

Some have regarded [ni] as from [*gnithe], factum, which see in

[ní], will do.

<ně>, cattle; this is the same as [ni], thing.

<ně>, will do, Ir. [gním], I do, O.Ir. [dogní], facit; see [dčan], [gněomh].

<niata>, courageous, Ir. [nia], gen. [niadh], a champion, [niadhas], valour,

M.Ir. [forniatta], brave, E.Ir. [nia], g. [níath], possibly Ogam

[neta], [netta] (*nęta]?): [*neid-], Gr. @G[o@'neidos], revile, Lit. [náids],

hatred, Skr. [nind], mock, or [*ni-sed-], down-setter? Rhys

([Lect.]) cfs. the Teut. [nanţ], venture, strive; this would give

Gaelic preserved [d].

<nic>, female patronymic prefix, M.Gaelic [nee] (D.of L.), Ir. [ní],

M.Ir. [iní], an abbreviation of O.Ir. [ingen], now [inghean] or

--page 263

[nighean] and [ui], nepotis (Stokes). The G. [nic], really "grand-daughter",

stands for [inghean mhic] or [ní mhic]; we have

recorded in 1566 [Ne V@+[c] Kenze] (M`Leod Charters).

<nigh>, wash, Ir. [nighim], E.Ir. [nigim], O.Ir. [dofonuch], lavo, [nesta],

laveris: [*ligô], I.E. [nei@gô]; Gr. @G[nízw], @G[níptw]; Eng. [nick], [Auld Nick],

a water power, Ger. [nix]; Skr. [nij], clean.

<nighean>, a daughter; a corruption of [inghean], q.v.

<nimh>, poison, Ir. [nimh]; see [neimh].

<nior>, not (with perfect tense), Ir. [níor], E.Ir. [nír] = [ní-ro]; [ro] is the

sign of past tenses.

<nios>, <neas>, a weazel, Ir. [neas], [eas(óg)], O.Ir. [ness]:

<něos>, from below, up, Ir. [aníos], E.Ir. [anís]; from [an] (see [a] number

5>>) and [ěos].

<nis>, now, Ir. [anois], M.Ir. [anosa], E.Ir. [innossai], O.Ir. [indossa];

[ind] (now [an]) of the article and G. [fois], rest. The word

appears in <a bhos>, q.v. The form [indorsa], this hour (= now),

is rejected by Ascoli as a misspelling for [indossa].

<ni 's>, id quod, the usual classical Gaelic with the verb substantive

to denote comparative state: <tha i ni's fheŕrr>, she is better,

Ir [nios], M.Ir. [ní is]: "thing that is", from [ni] and [is]. The

usual and true Gaelic form <na 's> is not a degraded form of

Ir. [ni 's]. The G. [na] of [na 's] is simply <na> = id quod (see <na>);

the Ir. is some medićval development with [ní], for old [ana],

id quod, was lost, the simple [a] (art.) being used now in its

stead, as in O.Ir. As it was impossible to use [a] in the

comparative construction with clearness, recourse was had to

[ní is]. Thus Ir.: An tan do thógradh ní ba mó do dheunamh

= G. An [tan] a thogradh e na bu mhň a dhčanamh. Hence

<ni 's> should never have been used in Sc. Gaelic.

<niůc>, a corner; from the Sc. [neuk], M.Eng. [no@-k]. Dial. <iůc>.

Skeat thinks the Eng. is the borrower.

<no>, or, vel, Ir. [ná], E.Ir., O.Ir. [nó], W. [neu]; see [na].

<nochd>, to-night, Ir. [anochd], O.Ir. [innocht], hac nocte: [the art. and

[nochd], night, W. [henoeth], corn. [neihur], Br. [neyzor], [nos]:

[*nokti-]; Lat. [nox], [noctis]; Gr. @G[núx], @G[nuktós]; Got. [nahts], Eng.

[night]; Lit. [naktěs]; Skr. [nákti].

<nochd>, naked, Ir. [nochdadh], manifestation, O.Ir. [nnocht], W. [noeth],

Corn. [noyth], Br. [noaz]: [*noqto-]; Got. [naqaţs], O.H.G. [nacot],

Eng. [naked]; further cf. Lat. [nűdus] ({*nogvidus]); Slav. [nagu@u];

Skr. [nagná].

<nodadh>, a nod, suggestion; from the Eng.

<nodha>, new; see [nuadh].

<noig>, the anus:

<noig>, old-fashioned face; [noigeiseach], snuffy; [noigeanach] (D.

Bŕn):

--page 264

<noigean>, a noggin, Ir. [noigin]; from the Eng. [noggin]. Skeat

thinks the Eng. are the borrowers; but this is unlikely.

<nňin>, noon, Ir. [nóin], g. [nóna], evening, noon, E.Ir. [nóin], [nóna], W.

[nawn]; from the Lat. [nôna] hora, ninth hour of the day, or 3

o'clock.

<noir>, the east, Ir. [anoir], O.Ir. [anair], "from before", if one looks at

the morning sun; from [an] (see [a] number 5>>) and [air].

<nollaig>, Christmas, Ir. [nodlog], E.Ir. [notlaic], W. [nadolig]; from

Lat. [natalicia], the Nativity.

<norra>, a wink of sleep (Arran), <norradh) (M`Rury):

<nňs>, a custom, Ir., E.Ir. [nós], W. [naws], M.Br. [neuz]: [*nomzo-], Gr.

@G[nomos], law, Lat. [numerus]. Thurneysen thinks the Gadelic

words are borrowed from the Welsh [naws], from [gnaws] (see

[gnŕth]). Stokes gives [*nomso-] as stem for Gadelic alone; the

W. he regards as from [gnâ], as above. The ideal stem would

be [*nâsto-], root [nâd].

<nňs>, a cow's first milk, E.Ir. [nus]; from [nua], new, and [ass], milk.

<nňtair>, a notary, Ir. [nótadóir], O.Ir. [notire]; from Lat. [notarius].

<nothaist>, a foolish person:

<nuadarrra>, angry, surly; see [nuarranta].

<nuadh>, new, Ir. [núadh], O.Ir. [nue], [núide], W. [newydd], O.Br.

[nouuid], Br. [neuez], Gaul. [novio-]: [*novio-s]; Lat. [novus], Novius];

Gr. [néos], young, new; Got. [niujis], Eng. [new]; Lit. [naújas];

Skr. [navya].

<'nuair>, when, "the hour that", Ir. [anuair], E.Ir. [innúair]: the art.

and word [uair], q.v.

<nuall>, <nuallan>, a howling, cry, Ir. [nuaill], E.Ir. [núall]: [*nouslo-n];

Skr. [nu], cry, [navati]; Lettic [nauju], cry; O.H.G. [niumo],

praise, rejoicing.

<nuarranta>, sad, surly; cf. the Ir. interjection [mo nuar], my woe,

root [nu] as above.

<nuas>, down, from above, Ir. [anuas]; see [a] number 5>> and [uas].

<nuaig>, as far as, O.G. [gonice] (B. of Deer), Ir. [nuige], [go nuige], E.Ir.

[connici]: [*con-do-icci]; see [thig], come.

<nuimhir>, number, so Ir.; from Lat. [numerus]. Usually [uimhir],

q.v.

<'n uiridh>, last year, Ir. <'nuraidh>, E.Ir. [innuraid]; the art. and

O.Ir. dat. [urid]. See [uiridh].

<null>, over, to beyond; for [nunn] on the analogy of [nall], and for

dissimilation of the [n]s. See [nunn], the only Argyllshire form.

<nunn>, over, beyond, Ir. [anonn], O.L. [inunn]; from the prep. [an]

(see [a] 5>>) and [sund], here ("from here"), W. [hwnt], Br. [hont]:

([so-u-to-s]), this. The pronominal forms beginning in [so] and

[to], or [s] and [t] without [o], are all from the roots [so] and [to]

ultimately.

--page 265

<o>, the interjection "O! oh!" Ir. [o]; see vocative [a].

<o>, from, <ab>, Ir. [ó], O.Ir. [ó], [ua] ([hó], [hua]): [*ava]; Skr. [áva], away,

off; Lat. [au-], as in [aufero], take away; Ch.Sl. [u-], Pruss. [au-].

Also <bho>, q.v.

<o>, since, when, with the rel. as <o 'n>, Ir. [ó], O.Ir. [ó], ex quo; it is

merely the prep. [o] used as a conjunction.

<ob>, refuse, Ir. [obaim], O.Ir. [obbaim], [obbad] (inf.); referred to [ud-bad],

"out-speak", the prefix [ud-], out (allied to Eng. [out], Skr.

[ud], out, of) and [ba], speak, I.E. [bha], Lat. [fari], Gr. @G[fa] in

@G[fcmí]. Ascoli gives the root as [ben] (see [bean]), repellere.

<ňb>, a creek; from NNorse [hóp], small land-locked bay, Sc. [hope],

Ag.S. [hóp], valley.

<obaidh>, a charm; see [ubag].

<obair>, a work, so Ir., E.Ir. opair], [oper], O.Ir. [opred], operatio; from

Lat. [opus] (g. [operis]), [opera].

++<obair>, a confluence; the usual pronunciation of the [Aber-] in

place names. See [abar].

<obann>, sudden, Ir. [obann], E.Ir. [opond]: [*od-bond], e vestigio, from

[bonn]? Stokes refers it to the root of Gr. @G[a@'/fnw], O.Slav. [abije],

immediately, suggesting [*ob-nó-]. W. [buan] also suggests itself.

<ocar>, interest on money, Ir. [ocar], W. [ocr]; from Norse [okr], usury,

Ag.S. [wocer], Got. [wokrs], Ger. [wucher]; root [ve@g].

<och>, an interjection, alas! Ir. [och], [uch], O.Ir. [uch], vae, [ochfad],

sighing: [*uk]; Got. [aúhjôn], make a noise, Norse [ugla], Eng.

[owl]; Let. [auka], stormwind, Srb. [uka], a cry.

<ochd>, eight, Ir. [ochd], O.Ir. [ocht n-], W. [wyth] ([*okti]), Br. [eiz]: [*oktô];

Lat. [octo]; Gr. @G[o@'ktw/]; Got. [ahtau]; Skr. [ashtaú].

<ochňin>, alas, Ir. [och ón]; literally "alas this"! From [och] and the

old pronoun [ón], discussed under [eadhon].

<ocras>, hunger, Ir. [ocrus], [ocarus], E.Ir. [accorus]. See [acras]. The

Lat. [careo], want, may be suggested as allied; root [ker], [kor].

<od>, yonder, yon; see [ud].

<oda>, tongue of land; [oddr].

<oda>, horse-race (Uist), race, race-course (Carm.); cf. N. [at], horse-fight.

<odhar>, dun, so Ir., E.Ir. [odar]: [*odro-s], for [*odh-ro-], shady, Lat.

[umbra] (= [*o-n-dhra]), [âter], dark, Umbrian [adro], atra. Bez.

suggests, with query, [*jodras], allied to Lit. [ju@*das], dark.

Thurneysen has referred [*odro-s] to I.E. [udro-], otter, hydra,

watery, the idea being "otter-like" or "water-like" (Gr. @G[u@`/dwr],

Eng. [water]).

--page 266

<ofrail>, an offering, Ir. [ofráil], M.Ir. [offráil], E.Ir. [oifrend]; from

Lat. [offerendum].

<ňg>, young, Ir. [óg], O.Ir. [óc], [óac], W. [ieuanc], Corn. [iouenc], Br.

[iaouank], Gaul. [Jovinc-illos]: [*jovn@.ko-s], comparative [jovôs];

Lat. [juvenis], [juvencus]; Eng. [young], Got. [juggs]; Skr. [yuvaçá],

juvenile, [júvan], young.

<ogha>, grandchild, Ir. [ó], [ua], g. [ui], a grandson, descendant, O.Ir.

[ua], [aue], [haue], g. [haui]: [*(p)avio-s]; Gr. @G[país], for [pafís], boy;

further Lat. [puer], for [pov-er]; W. [wyr]; root [pu], [pav], [pov],

beget. Brug. ([Grund.@+[2] 122) refers it to [*avio-s], an adj. from

[avo-s], grandfather, etc., Lat. [avus]. Eng. [eame].

++<oghum>, the "Ogam" writing, so Ir., E.Ir. [ogum], [Ogma ma

Elathan] (son of knowledge), the Hercules of the Gaelic gods,

Gaul. [Ogmios], the Gaul. Hercules and god of eloquence:

[*Ogambio-s]. Cf. Gr. @G[o@'/gmos] (@G[*g-mos]?), a furrow, line, Skr.

[ájmas], course, run, root [ag]: the comparison is very doubtful.

See [oidheam].

<ňglach>, a youth, servant, Ir. [óglach], O.Ir. [óclach]; from [óg] and

suffix [-lach] (see [teaglach]).

<ogluidh>, gloomy, awful, bashful, Ir. [ogluidh], bashful; from Norse

[uggligr], fearful, Eng. [ugly].

<oich>, interjectionn of pain, Ir., O.Ir. [uch]. See [och].

<oide>, foster-father, step-father, Ir. [oide], O.Ir. [aite]: [*attio-s]; Gr.

@G[a@'/tta], father; Got. [atta], father; Ch.Sl. [otici], father; Skr.

[attâ], mother.

<oidhche>, <oiche>, night, Ir. [oidhche], O.Ir. [aidche], later [oidche], also

[adaig]: [*ad-aqiâ], [*ad-aqî], root [aq], dark; Lat. [aquilus], dark;

Lit. [aklas], blind; Gr. @G[a@'/karon], blind (Hes.). Skr. [andhas],

darkness, with root [andh], [adh], Lat. [ater], etc., have been

suggested, the [ad] of [*ad-aqia] being made the root and not

the [aq] (see [odhar]).

+<oidheadh>, tragical death, so Ir., E.Ir. [oided], [aided]; root [pad],

[ped], fall, Lat. [pestis] (Stokes). See [eas].

<oidheam>, a secret meaning, inference, idea (M`A., M`E.), a book

(M`F., H.S.D.). Properly [oigheam], the same as [ogham] above

(zeuss, Rhys' [Hib.Lect.]).

<oidheirp>, <oirpe>, an attempt: [*ad-erb-], root [erb] of [earb], q.v.?

<oifig>, an office, Ir. [oifig], M.Ir. [oifficc]; from Lat. [officium] (Eng.

[office]).

<ňigeach>, a stallion, young horse; from [ňg] and [each]. Commonly

<ŕigeach>, q.v.

<ňigh>, a virgin, Ir. [óigh], E.Ir. O.Ir. [óg], [uag], integer: [*augi-], root

[au@g], increase; Lat. [augeo]; Got. [áukan], increase; Lit. [áugu],

(Brug.). Bez. (in Stokes' [Urkel.Spr.]) suggests Czech [pouhý],

pure, and a stem [*pougo-s].

--page 267

<oigheam>, obedience, homage; cf. [gaidhe].

<oighionnach>, <aigheannach>, a thistle (Perth, according to M`A.):

see [fobhannan].

<oighre>, ice, Ir. [oidhir], M.Ir. [óigred], E.Ir. [aigred], snow; see [deigh].

<oighre>, an heir, so Ir., M.Ir. [oigir]; founded on Lat. [heres],

possibly on M.Eng. [heir] rather, which is from [heres].

<oighreag>, cloudberry; founded on Sc. [averin].

<oil>, vexation, offence, Ir. ++[oil]. The E.Ir. [áil] has [a] long, and is

for [agli-], Got. [agls], disgraceful (Strachan). The G. is perhaps

from the root of [oillt].

<oil>, rear, educate, Ir. [oilim], O.Ir. [ailim]; root [al] as in [altrum].

<oilbheum>, offence, stumbling-block, Ir. [oilbhéim], M.Ir. [ailbéim]:

"stone-dashing", "stone-stumbling"; from [ail], rock, and

[beum], blow, q.v. (Atk.).

<oilean>, <eilean>, training, nurture, Ir. [oileamhuin], nurture, M.Ir.

[oilemain], inf. to [ailim], I rear; root [al], as in [altrum], q.v.

<oillt>, horror, disgust, Ir. [oilt]: [*aleti-], root [pal], strike, whence

Lat. [palma], palm, [palpo], palpitate, etc.?

<oineach>, liberality, Ir. [oineach], mercy, liberality. See [eineach].

<ňinid>, a fool, Ir. [óinmhid], E.Ir. [óinmit], [onmit]; from [ón-], foolish,

and [ment], mind. See next.>>

<ňinnseach>, a foolish woman, Ir. [óinseach]; from [ón], foolish, and

the feminine termination [-seach].

<oir>, edge, border, Ir., E.Ir., O.Ir. [or], W. [gor-or], ora superior: [*oro-].

Cf. Lat. [ôra], coast, from which Thur. regards it as borrowed;