MacBain Alexander. Etymological Dictionary of Scottish-Gaelic 2nd Edition

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from [*glâdi-]. Hence <glaodhar>, <glaoran>, a noise, prating.

O.Ir. [gloidim], ringo.

<glaodh>, glue, Ir. [glaodh], M.Ir. [glóed], E.Ir. [gláed]; [*gloi-do-], from

I.E. [gloi], [glei], be sticky; Gr. @G[gloiá], @G[glía], @G[glínc], glue: Lat.

[gluten]; Ch.Sl. [glénu], mucus; Eng. [clay], Ger. [klei], slime.

W. [glud] and M.Br. [glut] are from the Lat.

<glaodhan>, pith of wood; from [glaodh] the idea being "resinous or

gluey stuff".

<glaomar>, a fooish person (Dial.): "noisy one"; from [glaodh].

<glaoran>, blossom of wood-sorrel: [*gloiro-], "bright", root [glei] of

[glé]?

<glas>, a lock, Ir., O.Ir. [glas]: [*glapsâ]; Eng. [clasp].

<glas>, grey, Ir. [glas], green, pale, E.Ir. [glass], W., O.W., Br. [glas],

green: [*glasto-], green; Ger. [glast], sheen (Bez.), root [glas], to

which Ger. [glass], Eng. [glass], are probably allied.

<glé>, very, Ir. [glé], very, pure, O.Ir. [glé], bright, W. [gloew], bright,

O.W. [gloiu], liquidum: [*gleivo-], I.E. [@ghlei-], shine; Eng.

[gleam], [glimmer], Ger. [glimmen]; Gr. @G[hlíw], @G[hliarós], warm

(Kluge). Bez. refers it to the root of Eng. [clean] (see [glan]).

--page 197

<gleac>, a wrestle, fight, Ir. E.Ir. [gleic]: [*glekki-], [*gleg-ko-], I.E.

[@gleghô], wager; Ag.S. [plegen], Eng. [pledge], [play]; Skr. [glah],

play at dice, cast in wappenshaw.

<gleadh>, an onset, deed (H.S.D.); cf. Ir. [gleó], g. [gliadh], tumult,

E.Ir. [gliad], battle:

<gleadh>, tricks (Sh., O'B. [gleádh], H.S.D.); Ir. [gleadh] (O'R.); for

[gleadh], [gleg], root of [gleac]?

<gleadhraich>, <gleadhair>, noise, rattling, clang of arms, Ir. [gleaghrach],

shout, noise; cf. Norse [gleđir], Christmas games, [gleđr],

merriment, Eng. [glad]. Ir. [gliadrach], loquacious. If E.Ir.

[glechrach] means "noisy", the stem is [glegar], which also

appears ([Mart. Gorman], edited by Stokes).

<gleann>, a glen, so Ir., E.Ir. [glenn], [glend], W. [glan], brink, shore,

M.Br. [glenn], country, Br. [glann], river bank: [*glennos] (a

neuter [s]-stem). Stokes compares M.H.G. [klinnen], Swiss

[klänen], to climb, Norse [klunna], cling to. Norse [gil]?

<gléidh>, preserve, keep, Ir. [gléithim], keep, clear up, cleanse, E.Ir.

[gléim], make clear, put in order, lay by. See [glé] for root,

and also [gleus].

<gleithir>, a gadfly (M`D., Sh., O'R.): [*glegh-]; cf. Sc. [cleg], Norse

[kleggi], gadfly.

<gleň>, dazzling haziness about the eyes:

<gleog>, a drooping, silly look; cf. [sgleogair].

<gleňid>, a sloven, Ir. [gleoid]. See [sgleňid].

<gleňisg>, <gleosg>, a vain, silly woman, Ir. [gleosg]. See next word.>>

<gleňman>, a silly, stupid fellow, Ir. [gleodhmán]:

<gleňrann>, cresses, wild angelica, Ir. [gleórann], wild angelica; cf.

E.Ir. [gleóir], sheen, M.Ir. [gleordha], bright; root is likely

that of [glé] ([*glivo-ro-]).

<gleus>, order, trim, tune, Ir. [gleus], E.Ir. [glés]; for root, see [glčidh]

and [glé]. Strachan adduces E.Ir. [glése], brightness, and takes

it from [*glent-t-], allied to Ger. [glanz], splendour, Eng. [glance].

Cf. W. [glwys], fair, pleasant. Hence <gleusda>, diligent.

++<glib>, a lock of hair, Ir. [glib]: [*gl@.b-bi]; cf. Eng. [clip]. Hence

Eng. [glib].

<glěb>, sleet <glibshleamhuinn>, slippery with sleet (Sh., who gives

<glib>, slippery); from Sc. [glib], slippery, Eng. [glib].

<glic>, wise, Ir. [glic], O.Ir. [glicc]: [*gl@.kki-]. Stokes compares Gr.

@G[kalhaínw], ponder, and takes from G. the Sc. [gleg].

<glidich>, move, stir:

<glinn>, pretty, (Strathspey and Lochbroom Dialects for <grinn>), Ir.

[glinn], bright; Eng. [glint], [gleam], [glance].

<gliog>, <gliogar>, a tinkling, clink, Ir. [gliogar]; Eng. [click], [clack]: an

onomatopoetic root.

--page 198

<gliogram>, a staggering; from [gliogar], the idea being "noise-making"?

Cf. Ir. [glingin], drunkenness. Also G. <gliogach>,

clumsy, unstable.

<gliomach>, slovenly, long-limbed fellow; cf. Ir. [gliomach], a lobster.

<gliong>, ringing noise, Ir. [glionc] (O'R.); allied to, or from the

Eng. [clink], Teut. [kling].

<gliostair>, a clyster; from the Eng.

<gliůchd>, a blubbering, crying:

<gloc>, the clucking of a hen, noise, loud note; Eng. [clock], [cluck],

W. [clwc]; Lat. [glocire]; etc. Onomatopoetic.

<gloc>, swallow greedily, <glochdan>, a wide throat; from the Sc.

[glock], gulp, [glog], swallow hastily, E.Eng. [glucchen], [gulchen],

swallow greedily, Ger. [glucken], [gulken], [klucken].

<glochar>, a wheezing, difficult respiration, Ir. [glocharnach]; cf. Sc.

[glag], [glagger], make a noise in the throat as if choking,

[glugger], to make a noise in the throat swallowing. Allied to

[gloc], etc.

<gloc-nid>, a morning dram taken in bed; from [gloc] and [nead].

<glodhar>, ravine, chasm (Kintyre); in Lewis names N. [gljúfr].

<glog>, a soft lump, <glogair>, a stupid fellow: "unstable one"; from

[glug], [gluig].

<glog>, a sudden, hazy calm, a dozing (M`A.):

<glňic>, having hanging cheeks, as in hens:

<gloichd>, <gloidhc>, <gloibhc> (Wh.), a senseless woman, an idiot; from

the Sc. [glaik].

<gloin>, <gloine>, glass; see [glain].

<glňir>, glory, Ir., E.Ir. [glóir], Br. [gloar]; from Lat. [gloria], whence,

Eng. [glory].

<glňir>, speech, Ir. [glór], E.Ir. [glórach], noisy; same as [glňir], glory.

<glňirionn>, spotted in the face (H.S.D.), drab-coloured (M`A.):

<glňmadh>, <glňmainn>, the gloaming; from the Eng.

<glomhar>, a muzzle, an instrument put into a lamb or kid's mouth

to prevent sucking, E.Ir. [glomar], bridgel; root [glom], [glem].

Ger. [klemmen], jam, M.H.G. [klammer], tenaculum, Lat.

[glomus], a clew.

<glomhas>, a rock, cleft, chink:

<glong>, a slimy substance; root [@glen], be slimy, Gr. @G[blénna], slime

snot, O.H.G. [klenan], cleave. See [sglongaid].

<glonn>, a deed of valour, Ir. [glonn], E.Ir. [glond], a deed: [*gl-onno-],

root of [gal]?

<glonn>, loathing, qulm, Ir. [glonn], E.Ir. [glonn], crime: "facinus";

extended use of the above word.>>

<glothagach>, frog's spawn (Sh., O'R.):

<gluais>, move, Ir., E.Ir. [gluaisim], O.Ir. [gluas-]; [*gl-eusso-], from

root [@gel], Lat. [volo-], fly, Gr. @G[gállw]? So Dr Cameron.

--page 199

<gluc>, socket of the eye:

<glug>, noise of liquid in a vessel when moved, Ir. [glug] (do.), [glugal],

clucking of a hen; Eng. [cluck]. All are onomatopoetic. See

[gloc]. Also <glugach>, stammering: "clucking". Cf. Sc.

[glugger], to make a noise in the throat by swallowing any

liquid.

<gluig>, addled (of an egg); from the above word. Cf. W. [clwc],

soft, addled (of an egg).

<glumadh>, a great mouthful of liquid, <glumag>, a deep pool; allied

to [glug] above.

<glumraidh>, hungriness, devouring (as sea waves) (Hend.):

<glůn>, the knee, Ir., O.Ir. [glún], W., Br. [glin]: [*glűnos]. Stokes

compares Albanian [g/u] ([g/uri], [g/uni]), knee. Possibly by dissimilation

of the liquids for [*gnűnos], from [*gnű], [*gneu],

allied to Eng. [knee], Gr. @G[gnúx], on the knee.

<glupad>, dropsy in throat of cattle and sheep (Carm.):

<glut>, voracity, <glutair>, a glutton, W. [glwth] (do.), Br. [glout] from

Lat. [glutire], swallow, Eng. [glutton]; M.Ir. [glota], belly.

<gnŕithseach>, arable land under crop (M`A.):

<gnamhan>, periwinkle (Sh., O'B., H.S.D.), Ir. [gnamhan]:

<gnŕth>, custom, usual, Ir. [gnáth], O.Ir. [gnáth], solitus, W. [gnawd],

custom: [*gnâto-], Lat. [(g)nôtus], known; Gr. @G[gnwtós] (do.);

Skr. [jnâta] (do.); root [gnô], [gnâ], [gen], know, Eng. [know], etc.

<gnč>, nature, kind, Ir. [gné], O.Ir. [gné], gen. [gnée], pl. [gnéthi] (neuter

[s]-stem): [*gneses-]; root [gen], beget, Lat. [genus], Gr. @G[génesis],

genesis, @G[genos], Eng. [kind].

<gněomh>, a deed, Ir. [gníomh], O.Ir. [gním]: [*gnęmu-]; root [gnę], do,

from [gen], beget, as in [gin]. Hence <dčan>, <ně>, <rinn>.

<gnň>, <gnodh>, gruff (Arm.); cf. Ir., E.Ir. [gnó], derision.

<gnob>, a bunch, tumour: from the Eng. [knob].

<gnog>, a knock; from Eng. [knock].

<gnogach>, sulky (Sh., O'R., etc.), <gnoig>, a surly frown (H.S.D.);

cf [gnů], [grůig].

<gnoigean>, ball of rosin put on horns of vicious cattle (Skye):

<gnoimh>, visage, grin (Arm., M`D., M`A.),; <gnňimh> (Rob.); cf.

[gnůis].

<gnoin>, shake and scold a person (M`A.):

<gnomh>, grunt of a pig (M`A.), for [gromh], Ir. [grossachd]: an

onomatopoetic word, allied to Lat. [grunnire], grunt, Gr. @G[gru@n],

swine's grunt, Eng. [grunt], [grumph]. See [gnňsd].

<gnňmhan>, groaning (of an animal), grunting; a long-vowel form

of [gnomh]?

<gnos>, a snout (especially of a pig), Ir. [gros], [grossach], having a

large snout: [*grupso-]; Gr. @G[grúy], a griffin, "hook-nosed",

@G[grupós], bent, Ger. [krumm].

--page 200

<gnňsd>, <gnňsad>, <gnůsd>, low noise of a cow, Ir. [gnúsachd]; [*grum-so];

see [gnomh], grunt, and [gnňmhan]. Aran Ir. [gnosacht], grunt

of pig.

<gnothach>, business, Ir. [gnňthuig] (pron. [gnathuigh]), [gnó] (pl.

[gnóthaidhe]): [*gnavo-], active, Lat. [gnavus], active, Eng. [know].

See [gněomh] and [gnŕth], for root.

<gnů>, <gnň>, surly, parsimonious, <gnůgach>, surly. See [gnň] and [grůig].

<gnůis>, the face, countenance, Ir., O.Ir. [gnúis], (fem. [i]-declension;

[*gnűsti-]; root [gen], know, Eng. [know], etc.

<gň>, a lie, fault, Ir. [gó], lie, fraud, O.Ir. [gó], [gáo], gáu], W. [gau], Br.

[gau], [gaou]: [*gavo-]. Cf. Gr. @G[gausós], crooked, @G[gausádas], a liar

(Ernault). Bezzenberger gives several alternatives; Lit.

[pri-gáuti], deceive, or Persian [zűr], false, or Gr. @G[hau@nnos], spongy,

@G[háos], abyss.

<gob>, a beak, bill, Ir. [gob], bill, mouth, E.Ir. [gop-chóel], lean-jawed;

[*gobbo], root [gobh], [gebh]; Gr. [gamfclaí], [gamfaí], jaws; Ch.Sl.

[za@?bu], tooth, [zobati], eat; Skr. [jambhas], a tooth. Stokes

compares it ([*gobh-nó-]) to Zend. [zafan], mouth. The relationship

to Eng. [gobbet], [gobble], Fr. [gobet], O.Fr. [gober], devour, is

not clear. But cf. also Eng. [gab], [gabble], G. [gab].

<gobha>, <gobhainn>, a smith, Ir. [gobha], g. [gobhann], O.Ir. [goba], g.

[gobann], O.W. [gob], W. [gof], pl. [gofion], Cor. [gof], Br. [go], Gaul.

[Gobann-]: [*gobân]; root [gobh], as in Gr. @G[gómfos], a bolt, Eng.

[comb] (Windisch), for which see [gob]. Lat. [faber] may, however,

be allied, and the root then be [ghob]. [gobha-uisge], water

ousel; aslo [gobha-dubh].

<gobhal>, a fork, Ir. [gabhal], fork, gable, O.Ir. [gabul], W. [gafl], Br.

[gaol]: [*gabulu-]; Eng. [gable], Ger. [gabel], fork; Gr. @G[kefalc/],

head.

<gobhar>, a goat, Ir. [gabhar], O.Ir. [gabor], W. [gafr], Corn. [gauar], Br.

[gabr], [gaffr], Gaul. [gabro-]: [*gabro-]; root [gab] of [gabh], take, as

Lat. [caper] is allied to [capio], take (Loth)? Stokes gives the

stem as [*gam-ro], root [gam] of [geamhradh], winter, and

[gamhuinn], I.E. [ghim]; but [im] of [ghim] could not change to

Gaul. [ab] in [gabro-].

<goc>, a tap, cock; from the Eng. [cock].

<gocaman>, an usher, attendant, sentinel, or look-out man; Martin's

([Western Isles], p.103) [gockmin], [cockman]; from Scandinavian

[gok-man], look-out man (Arms.; Mackinnon says it is Danish).

For root, cf. Ger. [gucken], peep. Norse [gauksman]; [gauk mađr],

cuckoo man. Norse [gaukr], cuckoo; Sc. [gawk].

<gňdach>, giddy, coquettish (Sh., etc.); cf. [gabhd]. [godadh nan ceann],

tossing of one's head (Wh.).

--page 201

<godsag>, a titbit:

<gog>, a nod, tossing of the head, Ir. [gog]; from Eng. {cock]. <godadh>

(Arg.).

<gogaid>, a giddy female, Ir. [gogaide]; from Eng., Fr. [coquette].

<gogail>, cackling, noise of liquor issuing from a cask, Ir. [gogallach];

Eng. [cackle]. The words are onomatopoetic. Also <goglais>.

<gogan>, a wooden milk-pail, also <cogan>; from Sc. [cogue], [cog],

apparently allied to M.Eng. [cog], ship, Norse [kuggi], a small

ship, Teutonic [kuggon-], ship.

<goic>, a tossing of the head in disdain, a scoff, Ir. [goic]; founded on

the Eng. [cock], like [gog], q.v.

<goid>, steal, Ir. [goidim], E.Ir. [gataim]: [*gad-dô], root [gad], [@ghad],

[@ghed], seize; Gr. @G[handánw], @G[e@'/hadon], hold, contain; Lat. [prehendo],

seize; [praeda], booty, [hedra], ivy; Eng. [get]. Thur. has

compared the Lat. [hasta], spear, giving a stem [*ghazdho-].

<goigean>, a bit of fat meat, cluster, thread tangle or kink; cf.

[gagan]: [*gaggo-]; cf. Gr. @G[gagglíon], ganglion, a "knot", Eng.

[kink].

<goil>, boil, Ir. [gailim], seethe, boil: [*gali-]; I.E. [@gel], well, Ger.

[quellen], gush. See next.>>

<goile>, a stomach, appetite, Ir. [goile], [gaile], stomach, appetite,

throat, M.Ir. [gaile]; also O.Ir. [gelim], I consume; Lat. [gula],

throat (Eng. [gullet]), [glutire], swallow (Eng. [glutton]); Skr.

[gilati], swallow; I.E. [@gel], allied to root of [goil].

<gňileag>, a haycock, cole; from the Sc. [gole], Eng. [coll].

<goileam>, tattle, chattering, also <gothlam> ([l]=[le]); see [gothlam].

<goileam>, fire (kindling) (Carm.):

<goill>, distorted face, angry face, grin, blubber lipl cf. Ir. [gailleóg],

a blow on the cheek, G. [gailleag]. Cf. for root Gr. @G[hei@nlos], lip,

@G[*heslos] = Skr. [ghas], eat, swallow.

<goillir>, a Lewis bird of the size of the swallow, which comes to

land in winter (Arms.):

<goimh>, anguish, pain, Ir. [goimh]: [*gomi-], root [gom], [gem], press,

Lat. [gemo], groan, Ch.Sl. [z@?ima@?], compress.

<goin>, <gointe>; see [gon].

<goir>, call, cry, crow, Ir. [goirim], E.Ir. [gairim], O.Ir. [adgaur],

convenio: [*garô], speak, I.E. [@ger], cry; Gr. @G[géranos], crane,

@G[deiria@nn], abuse; Skr. [járate], cry, crackle; further Lat. [garrio],

chatter ([*gars-]); Eng. [garrulous], Lit. [garsas], noise; also root

[gâr], as in Gaelic [gŕir], Gr. @G[gc@nrus], voice, etc.

<goireas>, convenience, apparatus; from [gar], near, and [goirid].

<goirid>, short, Ir. [gairid], O.Ir. [garit]. For root, see [geŕrr] (Skr.

[hrasva], short, etc.), from which comes the comparative <giorra>.

Also [gar], near, q.v.

--page 202

<goirt>, sore, sour, Ir. [goirt], sore, salt, E.Ir. [goirt], bitter: [*gorti-],

I.E. [gher], be rough, as in [garbh].

<goirtean>, a little field of corn, croft, Ir. [goirtín], [gort], garden, corn-field,

O.Ir. [gort], seges, W. [garth], enclosure, Br. [garz] (do.):

[*gorto-]; Lat. [hortus]; Gr. @G[hórtos], straw-yard; Eng. [garden],

[garth], etc.

<goisear> (pl. <-an>), guisers, waits, singers about Christmas, etc.

(Carm.):

<gňisinn>, <gňisne>, a snare, Ir. [gaisde], O.Ir. [goiste], suspendium. Cf.

[gaoisid].

<gaoisridh>, company, people; see [gasraidh].

<goisdidh>, gossip, godfather, M.Ir. [goistibe], godfather; from

M.Eng. [godsibhe], now [gossip].

<golag>, a gudget: [*gulo-]; Gr. @G[gúlios], wallet, O.H.G. [kiulla].

<gňlanach>, two-headed (H.S.D.): "forked", from [gobhlan]?

<gomag>, a nip, pinch (M`L., <gňmag>), [gŕmag], large bite (Skye):

<gon>, wound, bewitch, Ir. [gonadh], wounding, E.Ir. [gonim]: {*gonô],

I wound, I.E. [@ghen]; Gr. @G[fónos], slaughter, @G[qeínw], hit; Norse,

[gunnr], battle, O.H.G. [gundea] (do.); Skr. [han], strike, slay.

<gonan>, grass roots; cf. [cona].

<gňrach>, silly, Ir. [gorach]; Gr. @G[gau@nros], exulting, skittish, haughty;

root @G[@gau], be free, Lat. [gaudium], Eng. [joy].

<gorm>, blue, green, Ir., E.Ir. [gorm], blue, W. [gwrm], dusky: [gorsmo-],

root [gor], warm ("warm colour"), as in G. [gar] (Stokes).

<gňrsaid>, a cuirass, gorget; from Eng. [gorget].

++<gort>, a field, standing corn, Ir. [gort]; see [gart], [goirtean].

<gort>, <goirt>, famine, Ir. [gorta], O.Ir. [gorte]; I.E. [gher], desire,

want; Gr. @G[hréos], necessity, @G[hrcď/zw], wish; Eng. [yearn].

<goth>, toss the head contemptuously or giddily (M`A.); <gňth>, airy

gait (Arm., <gothadh>, Sh., O'R): possibly from Eng. [go]. Cf.

W. [goth], pride.

<gothlam>, prating noise, M.Ir. [gothach], noisy; from [guth].

<grab>, interrupt, <grabadh>, hindrance, Ir. [grabadh]; apparently

from Eng. [grab]. Cf. W. [crap], prehensio, Romance [graffo].

<grabh>, abhorrence:

<grabh>, <grabhail>, engrave, Ir. [grabháil]; from Eng. [grave], engrave.

<grŕchdan>, querulous noise of hens, Ir. [grŕgoill], clucking of a hen,

crow's crowing. See [grŕg].

<grad>, sudden, Ir. [grad}, [grod]: [*groddo-], root [grod], [gred], as in

[greas], q.v.

<grŕda>, ugly; usual form of [grŕnda], q.v.

<gradan>, snuff, corn kilned by burning its straw, the meal derived

from the foresaid corn, Ir. [gradán]. Cf. [greadan].

--page 203

<grŕdh>, love, Ir. [grádh], E.Ir. [grád]: [*grâdo-], [*grâ-dho-], root [@grâ];

Lat. [gra@-tus], Eng. [grateful]; Skr. [gűrdháya], praise; Gr. @G[géras],

honour.

<grŕdran>, compaining noise of hens; onomatopoetic. See [grág].

<grŕg>, croaking of crows, Ir. [grág]; Eng. [croak], [crake]. Onomatopoetic

words. Cf. I.E. [@gráq], Lat. [graculus], [gracillare], hen's

cry, M.H.G. [kragelen], crackle.

<gragair>, glutton (Sh., O'B., etc.), Ir. [gragaire] (O'B.), [grágaire]

(Con.):

<graigh>, stud, flock of horses; see [greigh].

<grŕin>, abhorrence, disgust, Ir. [gráin], E.Ir. [gráin], W. [graen], grief,

rough: [*gragni-] (Strachan, Stokes). Ch.Sl. [groga], horrible.

<grŕineag>, a hedgehog, Ir. [gráineóg]: the "horrent one"; from

[gráin], above.

<graing>, disdain, a frown, Ir. [grainc]. Cf. [sgraing].

<grŕinne>, a grain, small quantity, Ir. [gráinne], O.Ir. [gráinne],

granulum, [grán], granum, W. [grawn], Cor. [gronen], Br. [greun],

(pl.): [*grâno-]; Lat. [grânum] ([*gr@-@.no-]); Eng. [corn] (Stokes).

Some hold that the Celtic is borrowed from the Latin.

<grainnseach>, a grange, Ir. [gráinseach]; from the Eng.

<grainnseag>, a cracknel (M`F.), bear berry (H.S.D. for N.H.):

<grŕis>, prosperity, blessing (N.H.); from [grŕs].

<grŕisg>, a rabble, Ir. [gráisg], [gramhaisg], [gramaisg]:

<gramaich>, hold, keep fast, ir. [gramuighim]; see [greim].

<gramur>, refuse of grain (H.S.D.):

<grŕn>, kiln-dried grain, Ir. [grán], corn, O.Ir. [grán]; see [grŕinne].

<grŕnda>, <grŕda>, ugly, Ir. [granda], [granna], E.Ir. [gránde], [gránna],

teter, dirus; from [grŕin], q.v.

<grŕpa>, a graip, dung fork, Ir. [grápa]; from Sc. [graip].

<grŕs>, grace, Ir., M.Ir. [grás], W. [gras]; from Lat. [gratia].

<grath>, terror (Dial., H.S.D.):

<grathuinn>, a while; for [*trŕthain], from [trŕth], influenced by [greis]?

<gread>, wound, whip, burn, Ir. [greadaim]; cf. W. [greidio], scorch:

[*greddo-]; root [ghredh]; cf. Eng. [grind], Lat. [frendo], [*ghrendho]

(St.). Cf. also Eng. [grist], Lat. [hordeum]. Swedish [grädda],

bake, may be compared.

<greadan>, a considerable time with all one's might at anything

(M`A.); from [gread].

<greadan>, parched corn; from [gread]. Cf. [gradan]. Ir. [greadóg]

means "griddle". Eng. [griddle], W. [greidell], are allied. Cf.

[grist], [hordeum], @G{kriqc/].

<greadhan>, <greadhuinn>, a convivial party, happy band. Ir.

[greadhanach], drolling, G. <greadhnach>, joyful; root [gred], go,

as in [greas], q.v.? M.Ir. [greadan], exulting shouts. Root @G[har]?

--page 204

<grealach>, <greallach>, entrails: [*gre-lach], root [gr@.], I.E. [ghr@.], gut;

Gr. @G[hordc/], gut, Eng. [cord]; Lat. [haru-spex], diviner, "entrails-inspector",

[hernia], rupture. Shaw has [greathlach]. Hence

<greallach>, dirty, Ir. [greallach], clay, dirty. Cf. Eng. [gore].

<greallag>, a swingle-tree:

<greann>, hair, bristling of hair, surly look, also "cloth", "rough

piled clothing", Ir. [greann], beard, hair hair, E.Ir. [grend],

beard, W., Br. [grann], eyelid, cilium: [*grendâ]; Ger. [granne],

beard of corn or cat, Norse [grön], moustache, Span. [greńa],

tangled hair, Prov.Fr. [gren], O.Fr. [grenon], beard of cheek and

lip; Albanian [kra@?nde]. <greanndag>, rag, tatter. Hence

<greannar>.

<greas>, hasten, urge, Ir. [greasuighim], M.Ir. [gressim]: [*gred-to-];

I.E. [@ghredh], step out, go; Lat. [gradior], gradus], step; Got.

[grids], a step; Ch.Sl. [gre@?da@?], stride, come; Skr. [gr@.dhyati], step

out. The E.Ir. [grísaim], I incite, is a different word, coming

from [grís], fire.

<greidil>, a gridiron, Ir. [greidil], [greideal], M.Ir. [in t-slissin gretli],

Sean. Mor. [gretel], W. [greidel], [gradell], O.W. [gratell]; from

Late Lat. [graticula], from [cratis], wicker-work, Eng. [crate],

[grate], [grill], [hurdle]. Eng. [griddle], M.Eng. [gredel], are the

same as the Celtic words. Skeat has suggested [gread] above

as the orogin of the Celtic forms; cf. Ir. [greadóg], a griddle.

Hence <greidlean>, an instrument for turning the bannocks on

the griddle.

<gréidh>, prepare, dress, Ir. [gréasaim]; see [gréis]. [gréidhear], [gré'ar],

grieve (N.Gael.).

<greigh>, a stud of horses, Ir., M.Ir. [groigh], E.Ir. [graig], W. [gre]:

[*gragi-]; Lat. [grex], flock; Gr. [gargara], heaps; O.H.G.

[quarter], herd.

<greim>, a hold, a morsel, so Ir., O.Ir. [greim], [greimm], a hold,

strength, W. [grym], force, strength: [*gredsmen-]; root [gher],

hold, Gr. @G[héir], hand, Skr. [gáras], grip. Stokes separates

[greim], morsel, from [greim], hold, strength. [greim], morsel, he

refers to [*gresmen], a bite, Skr. [grásati], devour, Gr. @G[gráw],

eat, Norse [krás], a dainty.

<greis>, prowess, onset, slaughter, a champion, E.Ir. [gress], [gréss],

attack; from the root of [greas] above (Stokes).

<greis>, a shile, Ir. [do ghréas], always, O.Ir. [do grés], do [gress],

semper, M.Ir. [do-gres]: [*grend-to-], going on, root [grend], [gred],

I.E. [ghredh] as in [greas]. Strachan gives [*grencs-], and compares

Norse [kringr], round, Ger. [kring]. See <treis>.

<gréis>, <greus>, embroidery, needle-work, Ir. [obair-ghréis], from [gréas],

E.Ir. [gréss], any work of art or trade; see [greusaich].

--page 205

<greód>, a crowd (Arg.); from Eng. [crowd].

<greňs>, expansion of the thighs, <greňsgach>, grinning (H.S.D.):

[*grencs-]; Norse [gringr], round, Ger. [kring].

<greusaich>, <griasaich>, shoemaker, any worker in embroidery or

gurniture, Ir. [gréasaidhe], shoemaker: [*greid-to-]; Gadelic

[greid], dress, broider, I.E. [@ghrei], rub; Gr. @G[hroiá], @G[hrw@nma], hide,

skin, colour, @G[hríw], anoint (Christus).

<grian>, sun, Ir., O.Ir. [grían]: [*greinâ], [@ghr-einâ], root [@gher], warm,

as in [gar]. Cf. Skr. [ghr@.n@.is], sunshine, [ghramsa], heat; W.

[greian], what gives heat, sun. See further under [grěos]. Hence

<grianan>, sunny place, summer house, [solarium] of Lat., from

[sol], sun.

<griasaich>, a species of aculeated fish: "cobbler" fish; from

[griasaich], shoemaker.

<grěd>, substance, quality; from Sc. [grit], grain of stones, grit, grain,

Eng. [grit]. Hence <grědeil>, industrious (M`A.).

<grigirean>, the constellation of Charles' wain, <grigleachan>, a

constellation; see [grioglachan].

<grěleag>, a grain of salt, any small matter: [*gris-il-], root [greis],

gravel, as in [grinneal].

<grěmeach>, grim, surly; from Eng. [grim], Norse [grimmr].

<grěmeil>, warlike (H.S.D.), Ir. [grimeamhuil] (Lh., O'B.), [grim], war;

from the Norse [grimmr], fierce, wroth?

<grinn>, pretty, Ir. [grinn}, E.Ir. [grind]: [*gr@.nni-], "bright"; root

[@gher], as in [grian], [grěos]. Cf. [glinn].

<grinneal>, bottom of the sea, gravel, Ir. [grinnioll], channel, bed of

a river, sand of the sea, sea bottom, M.Ir. [grinnell]: [*gris-ni-],

root, [greis], [gris], gravel, E.Ir. [grían], gravel ([*greisano-]), W.

[graian], gravel, [greienyn] a grain of gravel. Rhys (Hib.Lect.,

571) refers these words to the root of [grian], sun, the particle of

gravel being supposed to be "a shining thing". This view is

supported by <grioglachan> and <griogag>, q.v.

<griob>, nibble (Heb.); from Sc. [gnip], gnaw, eat, Eng. [nip], [nibble].

<griobh>, a pimple (M`A.):

<griobhag>, hurry:

<grěoch>, a decaying or lean young deer, <grěochan>, consumption

(Dial., H.S.D.):

<griogag>, <grěogag> (Glen-Urquhart), a pebble, bead: [*grizgu-], root

[gris], [greis], gravel, as in [grinneal].

<grioglach>, Pleiades, <grigleachan>, a constellation, Ir. [griogchán],

constellation. For root, see [griogag].

<griomacach>, thin-haired, <griomagach>, shrivelled grass (H.S.D.):

<grioman>, a certain species of lichen, malt bud (H.S.D.):

<grěos>, entreat, pray, Ir. [gríosaim], encourage, incite, rake up a fire;

from earlier [gríos], heat, which see in [grěosach].

--page 206

<grěosach>, burning embers, Ir. [gríosach], coals of fire, burning

embers, M.Ir. [gríssach], E.Ir. [grís], fire, embers, Br. [groez],

heat: [*grens], [*gr@.ns], heat; Skr. [ghramsa], sun, heat, sunshine;

root [@gher] of [gar], q.v. Hence <grěs>, inflammation; Ir. [grís],

pimple.

<grěs>, horror; from Sc. [grise], to shudder, M.Eng. [gri@-s], horror,

[gri@-seful], [gri@-se], horrible, Eng. [grisly].

<grěsionn>, grindled, <grěs-ghion>, "gray-white", <grěs> (Sh. [gris]),

gray; from M.Eng. [gri@-s], gray fur.

<griůrach>, the measles, <griuthach> (do.), <grěobhach> (M`A.),

<griůragan>, indefinitely small particle, pustules on the skin;

root [@ghru], as in [grothlach]; [grúlach] (Skye) = [griobhlach].

<grňb>, join by indentation, serrate; cf. M.Eng. [gro@-pin], to groove,

also [groupe] and [grave]. A borrowed G. word.

<gróbag>, a poor shrivelled woman; from [grňb].

<groban>, top or point of a rock, hillock:

<grňban>, mugwort (N.G.):

<grňc>, croak, frown on; from Eng. [croak].

<grod>, rotten, E.Ir. [grot], [gruiten], stale butter, small curds in

whey; a metathesis of [goirt]?

<groganach>, wrinkled (as heather), Ir. [grug], a wrinkle; cf. [grůig].

<grňig>, awkwardness, perverseness, <grňigean>, awkward man; see

[grůig].

<grňiseid>, a gooseberry; from the Sc. [groset], from O.Gr. [*grose],

[grosele], goose-berry, whence Eng. [gooseberry] for [grooseberry].

<grňmhan>, a groaning, growling; the same as [gnňmhan].

<gros>, snout; correct spelling of [gnos], q.v.

<grňta>, a groat; from the Eng.

<grothlach>, a gravel pit, abounding in gravel (O'B., Sh., etc.), Ir.

[grothlach], W. [gro], pebbles, Cor. [grow], gravel, Br. [grouan].

From these come Eng. [gravel], O.Gr. [gravele]. Cf. Norse

[grjot], stones, Ag.S. [greót], Eng. [grit], root [grut], Lit. [grústi],

pound, bray, Gr. @G[hrusós], gold (= @G[hrud-sós]).

<grotonach>, corpulent (O'B., Sh., etc.), so Ir.: "heavy-breeched"

(Arms.) - [*grod-tónach].

<gruag>, hair of the head, a wig, Ir. [grúag]: [*grunkâ], root [@gru],

Eng. [crumple]? Hence <gruagach>, a maiden, brownie.

<gruaidh>, cheek, brow, Ir. [gruaidh], cheek, E.Ir. [gruad], W. [grudd],

Cor. [grud], maxilla: [*groudos]. Bez. suggests the root [ghrud],

[ghreud], as in [grothlach], above, the idea being "pounding,

mashing" (Lit. [grústi], bray, pound), and the original force

"jaw": cf. Lat. [maxilla] and [macero], macerate. Stokes

queries if it is from the root of Eng. [great]. Eng. [proud]?

<gruaigean>, a species of sea-weed (H.S.D. for Heb.), birses (M`A.);

"little hairy one" (Carm.), from [gruag]. [miorcan] in Lewis.

--page 207

<gruaim>, gloom, surly look, Ir. [gruaim]: [*grousemen-]; root [@greul],

[@grűt], Lat. [brűtus], dull, Eng. [brute], Lettic, [grúts], heavy,

Stokes cfs. only Ch.Sl. [su@u-grustiti se@?] grieve over.

<grůdair>, a brewer, Ir. [grúdaire], [grúid], malt: [*grűddi-]; Ag.S.

[grút], coarse meal, Ger. [grütze], groats, Dan. [gröd]; Lit [grúdas],

corn. Eng. [grit], [groats] are allied. Hence <grůid>, lees.

<grůig>, a drooping attitude, churlishness, churlish, Ir. [grúg], a

grudge, anger, [gruig], churlishness (O'B.), [gruc], sulky (O'Cl.);

cf. Eng. [grudge], M.Eng. [grucchen], O.Fr. [grouchier], [groucier].

Also <grůgach>, wrinkled.

<gruilleamach>, prancing, leaping suddenly (H.S.D.):

<grunnaich>, sound, fathom; see [grunnd].

<grunn>, <grunnan>, a handful, lot, crowd (Dial. <grainnean>), O.Ir.

[grinne], fascis, fasciculum, Br. [gronn], a heap: [*grendio-],

[*grondo-]; Gr. @G[grónqos], closed fist, Skr. [grantha], bind, etc.

(Stokes for O.Ir.). Cf. for root [bréid].

<grunnasg>, groundsel; formed on the Eng.

<grunnd>, bottom, ground, thrift; from Sc. [grund], bottom or

channel in water, Norse [grunnr], bottom of sea or river, Eng.

[ground]. Hence <grunndail>, steadfast, solid, sensible.

<grůnsgul>, a grunting; from [*grunn], grunt, Lat. [grunnire], Eng.

[grunt].

<gruth>, curds, Ir., M.Ir. [gruth]: {*grutu-]; Eng. [curds], M.Eng.

[crud], Sc. [crowdie], [croods]; Gr. @G[grúsei], will melt, [grútc] ([u] long),

frippery; I.E. [@gru], Eng. [crumb], Ger. [krauen], Gr. @G[gru@n], morsel.

Hence <gruitheam>, curds and butter: {gruth]+[ěm].

<grůthan>, <grůan>, liver, Ir. [aeu. grúan] (Lh. [Comp.Voc. sub "jecur"):

[*grűso-]: root [ghru], gritty, of [grothlach.

<gu>, to, ad, Ir. [go], [gu], O.Ir. [co], [cu], W. [bw] in [bwy gilydd], to its

fellow: [*qos]; Ch.Sl. [ku@u], to; cf. Lat. [usque] for [*quos-que]?

(Bez.). Used adverbially in [gu math], [gu h-olc]. Cf. Gr. [kas],

[kai], Skr. [-ças].

<guag>, a giddy, whimsical fellow, Ir. [gúag], [guaigín], folly, silly one;

from M.Eng. [gowke], [go@-ki], a fool, Sc. [gowk], Eng. [gawky].

<guag>, a splay-foot; see [cuag].

<guaigean>, thick, little and round: [*goug-go-], root [@gu], bend.

<guailisg>, false, falsity (Carm.):

<guaillean>, a coal of fire; see [gual]. Cf. [caoirean], a peat, cinder,

ember.

<guaillich>, go hand in hand: "shoulder to shoulder"; see [guala].

<guaimeas>, quietness; see [guamach].

<guaineas>, briskness, liveliness; see [guanach].

<guairdean>, vertigo; cf. Ir. [gúairdeán], whirlwind; from [cuairt]?

<guairsgeach>, curled, crinitus, Ir. [gúaire], hair of the head; from

I.E. [@gu], bend, as in [guala].

--page 208

<guait>, leave ("Gabh no guait e" -- Take or leave it); from Eng.

[quit]? [g-uait]?

<gual>, coal, Ir. [gual]: [*goulo-], [*geulo-]; root [geul], [gul]; Teutonic

[*kola-], Norse [kol], coals, Ger. [kohle], Eng. [coal]. W. [glo], Br.

[glaou], [*glôvo-] (Stokes), is allied to the Eng. [glow].

<guala>, <gualann>, shoulder, Ir. [guala], g. [gualann], E.Ir. [gualu], g.

[*gualand]: [*goulôn], root [@geu], [@gu], [gu], bend; Gr. @G[gui@non], limb,

@G[gúalon], a hollow, @G[gúcs], ploughtree (Lat. [bura]); Old Bactrian

= Zend, [ga@-o], hand. Strachan and Stokes give the root [gub],

bend, stem [*gublôn-], I.E. [gheubh], bend, Gr. @G[kufós] ([u] long),

bent, stooping; Lettic [gubt], stoop.

<guamach>, neat, snug, smirking; also "plentiful" (Sh., O'R.),

careful, managing (Arran):

<guanach>, light, giddy, Ir. [guanach], [guamnach], M.Ir. [guamnacha],

active (O'Cl.); root [guam] of [guamach] above.

<gucag>, a bubble, bell, globule, bud: [*gukko-], Ger. [kugel], ball.

<gůda>, a gudgeon, Ir. [guda]; formed on Eng. [gudgeon], M.Eng. [gojon].

<gudaleum>, <gudarleum>, a bound, wild leap (Arg.):

<guga>, the solan goose, a fat, silly fellow, Ir. [guga]. See the next word

for root.>>

<gugail>, clucking of poultry, Ir. [gugailim]: an onomatopoetic word.

Cf. Eng. [chuck]. See also [gogail].

<gugairneach>, a fledgling:

<guidh>, pray, <guidhe>, a prayer, wish, Ir. [guidhim], [guidhe], O.Ir.

[guidiu], [gude], [guide]: [*godio-], root [ged], [god], I.E. [@ghedh], ask;

Gr. @G[póqew], desire, @G[qéssasqai], pray for; Got. [bidjan], ask,

Ag.S. [giddan], Eng. [bid].

<guil>, weep, Ir., E.Ir. [guilim]; see [gal].

<guilbneach>, the curlew: "beaked one", E.Ir. [gulbnech], beaked,

O.Ir. [gulban], beak, O.W. [gilbin], acumine, W. [gylf], bill, beak,

[gylfant], Cor. [gilb], foratorium, [geluin], rostrum: [*gulbano-];

Ger. [kolben], piston, knob, gun-stock. Bez. compares only

N.Slovenic [golbati], gnaw. Cf. Lit. [gulbe@?], swan.

<guileag>, the swan's note, warbling (Sh. has <guillag>, chattering of

birds, O'R. [guilleog]); root [gal], cry, call, Lat. [gallus], cock,

Eng. [call]?

<guileagan>, custom of boiling eggs outside on Easter Sunday = [latha

guileagan] (M`D.):

<guim>, <cuim>, conspiracy (Carm.):

<guin>, a wound, O.Ir. [guin]: [*goni-]; see [gon].

<guir>, hatch, lie on eggs, <gur>, hatching, Ir. [gur], W. [gori], to brood;

from the root [gor], [gar], warm. See [gar].

--page 209

<guirean>, a pimple, <gur>, a festering, Ir., M.Ir. [guirín], pustule,

E.Ir. [gur], pus, W. [gôr], pus, [goryn], pustula: [*goru-], fester,

"heat"; root [gor], [gar], warm, as in [gar].

<guisead>, a gusset; from the Eng.

<guit>, a corn-fan, unperforated sieve: [gottiá]:

<gulm>, a gloom, forbidding look; from the Eng.?

<gulmag>, sea-lark (H.S.D.):

<gun>, without, Ir. [gan], O.Ir. [cen]; Gr. @G[keneós], empty; root [keno-].

So O.H.G. [hina], [hinweg], Ag.S. [hin-].

<gu'n>, <gu'm>, that, Gr. @G[o@`/ti], Ir. [go], O.Ir. [co], [con]. Windisch considers

this the prep. [con], with, and [co], to; Zim. and Thur.

regard it as from [co], to (see [gu]). The latter explains the [n]

as the relative: [*co-sn], a view supported by the verbal

accent being on the first syllable and by the occasional form

[conn](?) See [cha'n].

<gůn], gown, Ir. [gúna]; from the eng. [gown], from W. [gwn] (*gwun]),

from Celtic [*vo-ouno-], root in Lat. [ex-uo], doff, [ind-uo], don,

Lit. [aunů], put on shoes, [áuti].

<gunna>, a gun, Ir., M.Ir. [gunna]; from M.Eng. [gunne], Eng. [gun].

<gur>, that, Ir. [gur]: [*co-ro]; see [gu'n] for [co]. Uses are: [Gur

cruaidh e] = O.Ir. [corrop cruaid é]; [corrop] is now Ir. [gurab],

that is [co-ro-ba] ([ba], verb "to be"). [gur] = [gun ro], [con ro-]

(St.).

<guraiceach>, a blockhead (Sh., H.S.D.):

<guraiceach>, unfeathered bird, lump (Arg.), from [gur].

<gurpan>, crupper; from Sc. [curpon], Eng., O.Fr. [croupon].

<gurracag>, a blot (Arg.):

<gurrach>, <gurraban>, crouching, crouching on the hunkers: [*gurtha-]

from [gur], brooding as in [guir]? Cf. Sc. [curr], to "hunker",

[currie], a stool, Eng. [cower]. The Perthshire [<curraidh>,

hunkering, is from Scotch.

<gurrach>, fledgling, <gurach> (Arg.):

<gurt>, fierceness, sternness of look; also [gart], q.v.

<gus>, to, Ir. [gus], O.Ir. [cossin], to the, to which; prep. [gu], [co], and

the article or relative. The [s] of the article is preserved after

the consonant of [co] (= [qos]).

<gus>, anything (Arg.):

<gusair>, sharp, keen, strong, Ir. [gusmhar], strong; from [gus], force,

smartness: [*gustu-], "choice", root [gu], Eng. [chose].

<gusgan>, a hearty draught:

<gusgul>, refuse, dirt, idle words, roaring:

<guth>, voice, Ir., O.Ir. [guth]: [*gustu-]; I.E. [gu]; Gr. @G[góos], groan;

Skr. [hu], call, cry, [havat@-], calls; Ch.Sl. [zova@?], to call. This is

--page 210

different from I.E. [@gu], Gr. @G[boc/], shout, Lat. [bovare], cry

(Prellwitz, Osthoff).

<i>, she, Ir. [í], [sí], O.Ir. [í], [hí], [sí], W., Br. [hi]: [*sî]; Got. [si], ea, Ger.

[sie], they; Skr. [sya@-/]: I.E. [sjo-], [sha@--] (Brug.). See [sa], [so], [sin].

<iach>, a yell, cry, Ir. [íachdadh], O.Ir. [iachtaim]: [*eicto-], [*eig-to-],

from [eia] of [éigh].

++<iach>, a salmon, E.Ir. [có], g. [iach], W., Br. [eog], W. [ehawc], Cor.

[ehog]: [*esax]; Lat. [esox]: Basque [izokin] (borrowed from Celtic).

<iad>, they, Ir. [iad], E.Ir. [iat], O.Ir. only in [olseat-som], say they, W.

[hwynt]: confusion of roots [ei] [sjo] with the 3rd plur. in [nt]. Of

E.Ir. [iat], [siat], Brugmann says:- "These have the ending of

the 3rd plur. of the verb;; later on [iat], [siat] were detached,

and began an independent existence". Stokes similarly says

they are [se] and [hwy] with the [nt] of the verbal 3rd pl. added.

<iadach>, jealousy, Ir. [éad]; see [eud].

<iadh>, encompass, Ir. [iadhaim], join, shut, surround, E.Ir. [iadaim]:

[*eidâô], [*ei-dho-], root [ei], go? Stokes analyses it into [*ei-]

[dâmô], for [epi-dâmô], Skr. [api-da@-/na@-], a lock: for [epi], see Gr.

@G[e@'pí] under [iar]; and [dâmô] is from [dhô], [dhę], place, Gr. @G[tíqcmi],

Lat. [facio]. It has also been correlated to Gr. @G[piézomai], press,

Skr. [pîdayti], press ([*pisda@-]), from [pise], stamp, press, Lat.

[pistor], etc.

<ial>, moment, season, gleam of sunshine; a poetic word, seemingly

a metaphoric use of [iall]. Galway Ir. [iall], moment, [iall

deireannach dá shaoghal].

<iall>, a thong, Ir. [iall], E.Ir. [íall]: [*peisla]; cf. [pileus], felt, etc.

+<iall>, a flock of birds, Ir. [iall], a flock of birds, E.Ir. [iall], grex;

[*eisla], @Gr. @G[i@'/lc], Hence [eallach] (St.). Cf Ir. [éilín sicini], brood

or clutch of chickens.

<iallach>, jaunty, lithe; cf [uallach].

<ialtag>, a bat, Ir. [ialtóg], E.Ir. [iathlu] (iatly, O'Cl.), W. [ystlum]:

[*isatal-] (Ascoli). Dial. <dealtag anmoch>; Lat. [vesper-tilio].

<ian>, a bird; see [eun].