Люлька Л.А., Мазуркевич А.А. Англійська мова
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1
̲ÆÐÅòÎÍÀËÜÍÀ
ÀÊÀÄÅÌ²ß ÓÏÐÀÂ˲ÍÍß ÏÅÐÑÎÍÀËÎÌ
². Ôðàíêî
ÑÎÒÂÎÐÅÍÍß Ñ²ÒÓ
Êè¿â 2002
ÀÍÃ˲ÉÑÜÊÀ ÌÎÂÀ
Óêëàäà÷³
Ë. À. Ëþëüêà, À. À. Ìàçóðêåâè÷
Íàâ÷àëüíèé ïîñ³áíèê
äëÿ àá³òóð³ºíò³â, ñëóõà÷³â ï³äãîòîâ÷èõ êóðñ³â
òà ñòóäåíò³â ïî÷àòêîâîãî ð³âíÿ
âîëîä³ííÿ àíãë³éñüêîþ ìîâîþ
Êè¿â 2005
̲ÆÐÅòÎÍÀËÜÍÀ
ÀÊÀÄÅÌ²ß ÓÏÐÀÂ˲ÍÍß ÏÅÐÑÎÍÀËÎÌ
2
Ãðèô ïðèñâîåí Ìèíèñòåðñòâîì îáðàçîâàíèÿ è íàóêè Óêðàèíû
(ïèñüìî ¹ 14/18.2-255 îò 13.03.01)
ÁÁÊ 81.2ÀÍÃ-923
À64
Àíãë³éñüêà ìîâà: Íàâ÷. ïîñ³á. äëÿ àá³òóð³ºíò³â, ñëóõà÷³â ï³ä-
ãîòîâ. êóðñ³â òà ñòóä. ïî÷àò. ð³âíÿ âîëîä³ííÿ àíãë. ìîâîþ /
Óêëàä. : Ë. À. Ëþëüêà, À. À. Ìàçóðêåâè÷. Ê. : ÌÀÓÏ,
2005. 176 ñ. Á³áë³îãð.: ñ. 169170.
ISBN 966-608-493-7
Íàâ÷àëüíèé ïîñ³áíèê ì³ñòèòü áàçîâèé ôîíåòè÷íèé, ëåêñè÷íèé òà ãðàìà-
òè÷íèé ìàòåð³àë ç àíãë³éñüêî¿ ìîâè, à òàêîæ ñèñòåìó âïðàâ äëÿ ðîçâèòêó ôî-
íåòè÷íèõ, ìîâíèõ òà ìîâëåííºâèõ óì³íü ³ íàâè÷îê.
Ñòðóêòóðíî ìàòåð³àë çãðóïîâàíî â 15 óðîê³â, ÿê³ ñóïðîâîäæóþòüñÿ äî-
äàòêàìè, ÿê³ ì³ñòÿòü òåñòè äëÿ êîíòðîëþ çàñâîºííÿ ìàòåð³àëó ³ òåêñòè òà
ìîâíî-äèäàêòè÷í³ áîêñè äëÿ ìîäåëþâàííÿ âèñëîâëþâàíü òà ä³àëîã³â íà
ïåâíó òåìó.
Äëÿ ñëóõà÷³â ï³äãîòîâ÷èõ êóðñ³â, ñòóäåíò³â òà ó÷í³â, ÿê³ ïî÷èíàþòü âèâ-
÷àòè àíãë³éñüêó ìîâó ÿê äðóãó ³íîçåìíó ìîâó, àá³òóð³ºíò³â, à òàêîæ äëÿ òèõ,
õòî áàæຠñàìîñò³éíî îïàíóâàòè àíãë³éñüêó ìîâó.
ÁÁÊ 81.2ÀÍÃ-923
© Ë. À. Ëþëüêà, À. À. Ìàçóðêåâè÷, 2005
© ̳æðåã³îíàëüíà Àêàäåì³ÿ
óïðàâë³ííÿ ïåðñîíàëîì (ÌÀÓÏ), 2005
ISBN 966-608-493-7
Ðåöåíçåíòè: Ò. Ä. ×õåò³àí³, êàíä. ô³ëîë. íàóê
Ä. Â. Îëüøàíñüêèé, êàíä. ïåä. íàóê
Ñõâàëåíî Â÷åíîþ ðàäîþ ̳æðåã³îíàëüíî¿ Àêàäå쳿 óïðàâë³ííÿ
ïåðñîíàëîì (ïðîòîêîë ¹ 6 â³ä 03.07.03)
À64
3
ÏÅÐÅÄÌÎÂÀ
Ìåòà íàâ÷àëüíîãî ïîñ³áíèêà äîïîìîãòè àá³òóð³ºíòàì, ñëóõà-
÷àì ï³äãîòîâ÷èõ êóðñ³â òà ñòóäåíòàì, ÿê³ ïî÷èíàþòü âèâ÷àòè àíã-
ë³éñüêó ìîâó, øâèäêî çàñâî¿òè àçè ³íîçåìíî¿ ìîâè, îñíîâí³ ïðàâèëà
÷èòàííÿ òà íà÷àëà ãðàìàòèêè.
Ïîñ³áíèê ì³ñòèòü òåîðåòè÷íèé âèêëàä íàâ÷àëüíîãî ìàòåð³àëó òà
âïðàâè äëÿ éîãî ïðàêòè÷íîãî çàñâîºííÿ. Äëÿ ðîçâèòêó âì³íü òà íà-
âè÷îê ÷èòàííÿ òà óñíîãî ìîâëåííÿ ïîñ³áíèê ïðîïîíóº ïðîñò³ òåêñòè
íà áëèçüêó òà çðîçóì³ëó ïîâñÿêäåííó òåìàòèêó, ùî ñïðèÿòèìå çàñ-
âîºííþ íåîáõ³äíî¿ äëÿ ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ëåêñèêè òà îñîáëèâîñòåé ¿¿ êîì-
ïîíóâàííÿ ó ñëîâîñïîëó÷åííÿ, ðå÷åííÿ é òåêñòè.
Ïîñ³áíèê ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ç 15 óðîê³â (ðîçðàõîâàíèõ íà 90 ãîäèí
àóäèòîðíèõ çàíÿòü) ³ äâîõ äîäàòê³â. Äîäàòêè ì³ñòÿòü òåñòè äëÿ ïî-
òî÷íîãî òà ï³äñóìêîâîãî êîíòðîëþ çàñâîºííÿ ìàòåð³àëó ³ äîâ³äêî-
âèé ìàòåð³àë äëÿ óñíîãî ñï³ëêóâàííÿ íà ïîâñÿêäåííó òåìàòèêó.
Ïîñ³áíèê ìîæíà âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè ÿê äëÿ ðîáîòè íà çàíÿòòÿõ ï³ä
êåð³âíèöòâîì âèêëàäà÷à, òàê ³ äëÿ ñàìîñò³éíîãî âèâ÷åííÿ àíãë³é-
ñüêî¿ ìîâè àá³òóð³ºíòàìè, ñòóäåíòàìè, ó÷íÿìè òà ñëóõà÷àìè ï³äãî-
òîâ÷èõ êóðñ³â, ÿê³ ìàþòü ïî÷àòêîâèé ð³âåíü âîëîä³ííÿ àíãë³éñüêîþ
ìîâîþ.
4
ÓÐÎÊ 1
Ôîíåòèêà Çâóêè [ b, d, f, k, l, m, n, p, t, v, s, z, w, i, i:, e, ai ].
Áóêâè Bb, Dd, Ff, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Pp, Tt, Vv, Ss,
Zz, Ww, Ee, Yy, Ii
Áóêâîñïîëó÷åííÿ ee, ea, ie
Ãðàìàòèêà гä òà ÷èñëî ³ìåííèê³â. Ìíîæèíà ³ìåííèê³â.
Ñïîíóêàëüí³ ðå÷åííÿ.
Ëåêñèêà
be [bi:] áóòè
bed [bed] ë³æêî
Bess [bes] Áåñ
debt [det] áîðã
din [din] øóì, ãóðê³ò
find [faind] çíàõîäèòè
five [faiv] ïÿòü
it [it] â³í, âîíà, âîíî (îñîáîâèé
çàéìåííèê äëÿ íåæèâèõ
ïðåäìåò³â)
key [ki:] êëþ÷
kind [kaind] ñîðò, äîáðèé
let [let] äîçâîëÿòè
life [laif] æèòòÿ
like [laik] ïîäîáàòèñÿ, ëþáèòè
lip [lip] ãóáà
meet [mi:t] çóñòð³÷àòè, çíàéî-
ìèòèñü
my [mai] ì³é, ìîÿ, ìîº
pen [pen] ðó÷êà
Ïðàâèëà ÷èòàííÿ
Àíãë³éñüê³ ïðèãîëîñí³ çâóêè [ b, d, f, l, m, n, p, t, v, s, z, w ] ÷èòà-
þòüñÿ ìàéæå òàê ñàìî, ÿê ³ â³äïîâ³äí³ ¿ì óêðà¿íñüê³ çâóêè, àëå âèìîâ-
ëÿþòüñÿ âîíè åíåðã³éí³øå.
pie [pai] ïèð³ã
please [pli:z] áóäü ëàñêà
see [si:] áà÷èòè
seven [sevn] ñ³ì
sit [sit] ñèä³òè
smile [ smail] ïîñì³õàòèñü
spell [spel] ãîâîðèòè ñëîâî
ïî áóêâàõ
still [stil] ñïîê³éíî
tea [ t³:] ÷àé
tell [tel] ðîçïîâ³äàòè
ten [ten] äåñÿòü
test [test] êîíòðîëüíà ðîáîòà
tie [tai] êðàâàòêà
vet [vet] âåòåðèíàð
visit [′vizit] â³äâ³äóâàòè
wet [wet] ìîêðèé
wine [wain] âèíî
yellow [′jelo] æîâòèé
yes [es] òàê
5
×èòàííÿ àíãë³éñüêèõ ãîëîñíèõ çâóê³â òà ñïîëó÷åíü çàëåæèòü â³ä
òèïó ñêëàäó.
 àíãë³éñüê³é ìîâ³, ÿê ³ â óêðà¿íñüê³é, âèð³çíÿþòü â³äêðèò³ é çàê-
ðèò³ ñêëàäè. Çàêðèòèì íàçèâàºòüñÿ ñêëàä, ùî çàê³í÷óºòüñÿ ïðèãîëîñ-
íèì çâóêîì. ³äêðèòèì íàçèâàºòüñÿ ñêëàä, ùî çàê³í÷óºòüñÿ ãîëîñíèì
çâóêîì.  àíãë³éñüê³é ìîâ³ äî â³äêðèòèõ ñêëàä³â óìîâíî íàëåæàòü
òàêîæ ñêëàäè, ùî çàê³í÷óþòüñÿ í³ìèì å.
I òèï ñêëàäó â³äêðèòèé. Ó öüîìó ñêëàä³ ãîëîñíèé ÷èòàºòüñÿ
òàê, ÿê íàçèâàºòüñÿ â àëôàâ³ò³ áóêâà, ÿêà éîãî ïîçíà÷àº.
1) íà ê³íö³ ñëîâà, ÿêùî âîíà º ºäèíîþ ãîëîñíîþ â ñëîâ³:
me [mi:] ìåí³, ìåíå, my [mai] ì³é, ìîÿ, ìîº, be [bi:] áóòè;
2) ïåðåä ïðèãîëîñíèì ïåðåä í³ìîþ å:
Pete [pi:t] ϳò, life [laif] æèòòÿ, type [taip] òèï.
II òèï ñêëàäó çàêðèòèé. Ãîëîñíèé â òàêîìó ñêëàä³ âèìîâëÿ-
ºòüñÿ êîðîòêî.
1) ïåðåä ê³íöåâèì ïðèãîëîñíèì â îäíîñêëàäîâèõ ñëîâàõ:
ten [ten] äåñÿòü bed [bed] ë³æêî in [in] ó is [iz] º
pen [pen] ðó÷êà test [test] ê / ð it [it] öå lip [lip] ãóáà
2) ÿêùî íàãîëîøåíèé ãîëîñíèé â³äîêðåìëåíèé â³ä íàñòóïíîãî
ãîëîñíîãî äâîìà àáî òðüîìà ïðèãîëîñíèìè:
meddle [medl] âòðó÷àòèñÿ, little [litl] ìàëåíüêèé,
system [!sistcm] ñèñòåìà.
Ïîäâîºí³ ïðèãîëîñí³ ÷èòàþòüñÿ ÿê îäèí çâóê: tell [tel] êàçàòè,
little [litl] ìàëèé.
Áóêâîñïîëó÷åííÿ
ee [i:] meet [mi:t] çóñòð³÷àòè, çíàéîìèòèñü
ea [i:] please [pli:z] áóäü ëàñêà
ie [ai] íà ê³íö³ ñëîâà ï³ä íàãîëîñîì: tie [tai] êðàâàòêà
pie [pai] ïèð³ã.
Áóêâà
Bb
Íàçâà
áóêâè
bi:
Çâóê
[ b ]
Âèìîâà
áëèçüêèé äî óêðà¿íñüêî-
ãî á, àëå âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ
åíåðã³éí³øå
Ïðèêëàä
be [bi:] áóòè
bed [bed] ë³æêî
6
Dd
Ff
Ê k
Ll
Mm
Nn
Pp
Tt
Vv
Ww
Zz
Ee
di:
ef
kei
el
em
en
pi:
Tt
vi:
d∧blju:
zed
³:
[ d ]
[ f ]
[ k ]
[ l ]
[ m ]
[ n ]
[ p ]
[ t ]
[ v ]
[ w ]
[ z ]
[ ³: ]
I òèï ñêëàäó
[ e ]
I² òèï ñêëàäó
áëèçüêèé äî óêð. ä,
ê³í÷èê ÿçèêà ï³äíÿòèé ³
òîðêàºòüñÿ àëüâåîë
áëèçüêèé äî óêðà¿íñüêî-
ãî ô, á³ëüøå íàïðó-
æåííÿ ãóá
âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ åíåðã³éíî,
ç ïðèäèõàííÿì
áëèçüêèé äî óêðà¿íñüêî-
ãî ë, ê³í÷èê ÿçèêà
ï³äíÿòèé ³ òîðêàºòüñÿ
àëüâåîë
áëèçüêèé äî óêðà¿íñüêî-
ãî ì, á³ëüøå íàïðó-
æåííÿ ãóá, åíåðã³éí³øå
áëèçüêèé äî óêðà¿íñüêî-
ãî í, ê³í÷èê ÿçèêà
ï³äíÿòèé ³ òîðêàºòüñÿ
àëüâåîë
áëèçüêèé äî óêðà¿íñüêî-
ãî ï, âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ
ç ïðèäèõàííÿì
áëèçüêèé äî óêðà¿íñüêî-
ãî ò, âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ
ç ïðèäèõàííÿì
áëèçüêèé äî óêðà¿íñüêî-
ãî â, á³ëüøå íàïðó-
æåííÿ ãóá, íèæíÿ ãóáà
òîðêàºòüñÿ âåðõí³õ çóá³â
ãóáè âèòÿãíóòè óïåðåä,
ð³çêî ¿õ ðîçâåñòè,
âèìîâëÿþ÷è ó
ÿê óêðà¿íñüêå ç, àëå
åíåðã³éí³øèé
áëèçüêèé äî ïðîòÿæíîãî
³ â ñëîâ³ ³âîëãà
áëèçüêèé äî çâóêó å
â ñëîâ³ öå
debt [det] áîðã
din [din] øóì, ãóðê³ò
five [faiv] ïÿòü
find [faind] çíàõîäèòè
key [ki:] êëþ÷
kind [kaind] ñîðò,
äîáðèé
let [let] äîçâîëÿòè
life [laif] æèòòÿ
lip [lip] ãóáà
my [mai] ì³é, ìîÿ, ìîº
meet [mi:t] çóñòð³÷àòè
pen [pen] ðó÷êà
ten [ten] äåñÿòü
pie [pai] ïèð³ã
pen [pen] ðó÷êà
ten [ten] äåñÿòü
test [test] ê / ð
vet [vet] âåòåðèíàð
visit [´vizit] â³äâ³äóâàòè
wet [wet] ìîêðèé
wine [wain] âèíî
zest [zest] ï³êàíòí³ñòü
be [bi:] áóòè
me [mi:] ìåí³, ìåíå
pen [pen] ðó÷êà
ten [ten] äåñÿòü
Áóêâà
Íàçâà
áóêâè
Çâóê
Âèìîâà Ïðèêëàä
7
Òðåíóâàëüí³ âïðàâè
1.
n
ni:
in
i:vn
sent
men
net
fain
nain
skin
j
jes
jet
jell
jelk
jeld
ji:ld
jeits
jeil
jei
l
bel
sel
fil
kil
il
let
fel
mi:l
di:l
w
wi
wi:l
wi:
wit
wil
wen
wet
wai
west
ai
mai
mait
tai
taim
pai
pain
lail
laif
taip
sz
set zed
pens penz
si:s si:z
sits si:dz
rais raiz
reis beiz
ais aiz
nais saiz
mis miz
p, t
pi:
pen
pet
pit
ti:
ten
test
ted
tel
³:
ni:
di:
ti:
li:
mi:
pi:
fi:
vi:
wi:
e
ten
pen
bed
men
ted
net
bel
tel
den
i
it
fil
pit
sit
lift
lip
pin
dig
til
td, fv
net ned
bet bed
fi:l vi:l
li:f li:v
fit fi:d
nit ni:d
let led
ted ded
fain vain
dt
bed bet
ned net
sid sit
send sent
ni:d ni:t
lid lit
si:d sit
ted tet
kid kit
I i
Yy
Ss
Áóêâà
Íàçâà
áóêâè
Çâóê
Âèìîâà
Ïðèêëàä
ai
wai
es
[ ai ]
I òèï ñêëàäó
[ i ]
I² òèï ñêëàäó
[ ai ]
I òèï ñêëàäó
[ i ] ó I² òèïè
ñêëàäó òà
â³äêð. íåíàã.
cêë.
[ j ] ïåðåä
ãîëîñí.
[ s ] ïåðåä
ïðèã.
-íà ïî÷. ñëîâà
- íà ê³íö³ ñë.
ï³ñëÿ ãëóõèõ
ïðèã.
- ó áóêâîñïîë.
ss
[ z ]
-ï³ñëÿ
ãîëîñíîãî
-ï³ñëÿ äçâ³íê.
ïðèã.
- ì³æ ãîëîñ-
íèìè
íàãàäóº àé ó ñëîâ³
÷àé
áëèçüêèé äî óêðà¿íñüêî-
ãî çâóêó è â ñëîâ³
òèí
íàãàäóº àé ó ñëîâ³
÷àé
áëèçüêèé äî óêðà¿íñüêî-
ãî çâóêó è â ñëîâ³
òèí
áëèçüêèé äî óêðà¿íñüêî-
ãî çâóêó é
áëèçüêèé äî óêðà¿íñüêî-
ãî ñ, àëå âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ
åíåðã³éí³øå
áëèçüêèé äî óêðà¿íñüêî-
ãî ç, àëå âèìîâëÿºòüñÿ
åíåðã³éí³øå
five [faiv] ïÿòü
find [faind] çíàõîäèòè
it [it] â³í, âîíà, âîíî
sit [sit] ñèä³òè
my [mai] ì³é, ìîÿ, ìîº
system [´sistcm] ñèñòåìà
busy [´bizi] çàéíÿòèé
yes [jes] òàê
test [test] ê / ð
sit [sit] ñèä³òè
see [si:] áà÷èòè
Bess [bes] Áåñ
ties [taiz] êðàâàòêà
pens [penz] ðó÷êè
visit [´vizit] â³äâ³äóâàòè
busy [´bizi] çàéíÿòèé
8
3.
[ ³ ]
tin
pit
pin
in
it
sit
still
lift
lip
fill
till
[ i: ³ ]
Pete pit
bede bid
teen tin
feet fit
see sit
seen sin
deed did
feed fit
eat it
ease is
team Tim
[ ³ i: ]
bit beat
sit seat
lip leap
slip sleep
dip deep
lid lead
fill feel
mill meal
pill peal
kill keel
it eat
[ i: ]
dee
be
me
bee
meet
need
beet
been
fee
feed
feet
[ e ]
ten
pen
den
men
Ted
bed
met
sent
sell
test
best
[ ai ]
time tie
pine pie
life lie
dine die
my type
by bite
five fine
like bike
nine Nile
line fly
find file
[ s ]
nets
sets
Bess
test
sit
best
sell
set
still
sent
lists
[ z ]
pens
sends
seeds
is
it is
beds
lies
ties
lids
seems
please
[ n ]
ten
tin
end
send
net
lead
line
need
sent
nine
fine
[ l ]
lest
less
lead
lift
sleep
lip
lie
life
like
line
bill
fill
kill
till
milk
silk
tell
spell
mill
smile
file
mile
гä òà ÷èñëî ³ìåííèê³â. Á³ëüø³ñòü ³ìåííèê³â â àíãë³éñüê³é ìîâ³ íå
ìàþòü êàòåãî𳿠ðîäó.
²ìåííèêè, ÿê³ îçíà÷àþòü íåæèâ³ ïðåäìåòè, ðå÷îâèíè, çàì³íþþòü-
ñÿ çàéìåííèêîì it (â³í, âîíà, âîíî): pen, tie, bed = it. ²ìåííèêè, ÿê³
îçíà÷àþòü æèâ³ ³ñòîòè, çàéìåííèêàìè he [hi] â³í, she [i:]
âîíà.
²ìåííèêè â àíãë³éñüê³é ìîâ³ ïîä³ëÿþòüñÿ íà çë³÷óâàí³ òà íåçë³÷óâàí³.
Çë³÷óâàí³ ³ìåííèêè îçíà÷àþòü ïðåäìåòè, ÿê³ ìîæíà ïîë³÷èòè:
a pencil îë³âåöü, a student ñòóäåíò, an answer â³äïîâ³äü. Çë³÷ó-
âàí³ ³ìåííèêè ìîæóòü âæèâàòèñÿ â îäíèí³ òà ìíîæèí³.
Íåçë³÷óâàí³ ³ìåííèêè öå íàçâè ðå÷îâèí, àáñòðàêòíèõ ïîíÿòü,
ÿê³ íå ï³ääàþòüñÿ ë³÷á³: air ïîâ³òðÿ, time ÷àñ, money ãðîø³
òà ³í. Íåçë³÷óâàí³ ³ìåííèêè íå ìàþòü ôîðìè ìíîæèíè.
2.
if
in
kiss
miss
lift
lip
milk
tin
bin
we
week
west
well
will
wind
wife
wide
wise
be
me
Pete
bede
even
key
ski
see
seem
meet
need
feel
deep
keep
sleep
seek
ea [ i: ]
eat
beat
meat
seat
sea
tea
mean
speak
weak
Ee [ i: ]
y â³äêð.
íàã. cêë.
(² òèï)
ee
[ i: ]
pet
em
ef
pen
men
ten
bed
end
send
desk
test
pet
let
set
tell
spell
less
zed
Ee [ å ]
ó çàêð.
íàã. cêë.
Ii [ ai ]
ó â³äêð. íàã.
cêëàä³ (² òèï)
I
life
tie
die
fine
line
mine
nine
fine
five
life
like
time
mile
smile
size
bite
site
it
bit
fit
sit
bill
fill
till
still
kill
Ii [ ³ ]
ó çàêð. íàã. cêë.
(²² òèï)
[ w ]
Ãðàìàòèêà
9
Ôîðìà ìíîæèíè á³ëüøîñò³ ³ìåííèê³â óòâîðþºòüñÿ äîäàâàííÿì äî
ôîðìè îäíèíè çàê³í÷åííÿ -(e)s: a lamp (ëàìïà) lamps, a lake (îçå-
ðî) lakes, a bus (àâòîáóñ) buses, a class (êëàñ) classes, a box (êî-
ðîáêà) boxes, a story (ðîçïîâ³äü) stories, a hero (ãåðîé) heroes.
àëå: piano (ï³àí³íî) pianos, a photo (ôîòîãðàô³ÿ) photos;
a roof (äàõ) roofs, a chief (øåô) chiefs, a safe (ñåéô) safes.
Òðåáà çàïàìÿòàòè ôîðìè ìíîæèíè äåÿêèõ ³ìåííèê³â: a wife (äðó-
æèíà) wives, a shelf (ïîëèöÿ) shelves, a life (æèòòÿ) lives, a wolf
(âîâê) wolves, a knife (í³æ) knives, a half (ïîëîâèíà) halves, a
leaf (ëèñòîê) leaves, a calf (òåëÿ) calves; a path (ñòåæêà) paths,
a month (ì³ñÿöü) months.
Ìíîæèíà äåÿêèõ ³ìåííèê³â óòâîðþºòüñÿ íå çà ïðàâèëàìè: a man
(÷îëîâ³ê) men, a woman (æ³íêà) women, a foot (íîãà) feet,
a tooth (çóá) teeth, a goose (ãóñêà) geese, a mouse (ìèøà) mice,
a child (äèòèíà) children, an ox (â³ë) oxen, a phenomenon (ÿâè-
ùå) phenomena, a crisis (êðèçà) crises, a radius (ðàä³óñ) radii.
Äåÿê³ ³ìåííèêè ìàþòü îäíàêîâó ôîðìó â îäíèí³ ³ ìíîæèí³:
sheep (â³âöÿ), deer (îëåíü), swine (ñâèíÿ), fish (ðèáà);
a daughter-in-làw (íåâ³ñòêà) daughters-in-làw, a school-mate (îä-
íîêëàñíèê) school-mates;
forget-me-not (íåçàáóäêà) forget-me-nots, merry-go-round (êàðó-
ñåëü) merry-go-rounds.
Çàê³í÷åííÿ ³ìåííèê³â ó ìíîæèí³ ÷èòàþòüñÿ ïî-ð³çíîìó:
-s
-es
[s]
ï³ñëÿ ãëóõèõ
ïðèãîë.
[z]
ï³ñëÿ äçâ³íê.
ïðèãîë. ³ ãîëîñíèõ
[iz]
test tests [tests]
òåñòè
list lists [lists]
ñïèñêè
bed beds [bedz]
ë³æêà
tie ties [taiz]
êðàâàòêè
1) ï³ñëÿ s, ss, x, sh, ch, tch:
match matches [!mætiz] c³ðíèêè
box boxes [!b]ksiz] ÿùèêè
bus buses [!bsiz] àâòîáóñè
2) ïðèãîëîñíèé + y = ies:
fly flies [flaiz] ìóõè
baby babies [!beibiz] íåìîâëÿòà
àëå: day days [deiz] äí³
play plays [pleiz] ³ãðè
3) ïðèãîëîñíèé + î = oes
hero heroes [!hicrcz] ãåðî¿
tomato tomatoes [tcmY:tcuz] ïîì³äîðè
àëå: piano pianos [pi!æncz] ï³àí³íî
photo photos [!fctcz] ôîòîãðàô³¿
10
Ñïîíóêàëüí³ ðå÷åííÿ
Ñïîíóêàëüí³ ðå÷åííÿ âèðàæàþòü ñïîíóêàííÿ äî 䳿 ç ìåòîþ âèêî-
íàííÿ íàêàçó, áàæàííÿ, ïðîõàííÿ. Òàê³ ðå÷åííÿ ìîæóòü áóòè ñòâåðä-
æóâàëüíèìè àáî çàïåðå÷íèìè.
Ñòâåðäæóâàëüíà ôîðìà çá³ãàºòüñÿ ç îñíîâîþ 䳺ñëîâà.
Tell. Ðîçêàæè. Tell me. Ðîçêàæè ìåí³.
Meet. Çóñòð³íü. Meet Pete. Çóñòð³íü Ïåòðà.
Çàïåðå÷åííÿ óòâîðþºòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ do not + îñíîâà 䳺ñëîâà.
Tell me. Ðîçêàæè ìåí³. Do not tell me. Íå ðîçêàçóéòå ìåí³.
1. Ïðî÷èòàéòå ³ ïåðåêëàä³òü ñëîâîñïîëó÷åííÿ.
My pen, my tie, my life, my test, my pie, my bed, five ties, nine tests,
ten pens, seven beds, five pies, ten pins, tell Ted, meet Bess, send Ben, let
me send it, let me spell it, find it.
2. Ïðî÷èòàéòå ñëîâà.
Pile, milk, let, five, be, den, eat, like, meat, see, team, sit, lie, sleep,
size, Pete, spell, smile, tip, still, please, desk, miss, file, I, need, lend, dean.
3. Ïðî÷èòàéòå ³ ïåðåêëàä³òü ðå÷åííÿ.
1) Find my test. 2) Send me my test. 3) Meet me. 4) Send Ted five
ties. 5) Send Bess nine pens. 6) Let me meet Ted. 7) Let me send it. 8) Find
my little pen. 9) Let me see. 10) Let me find it.
Òðåíóâàëüí³ âïðàâè
1. Ïðî÷èòàéòå ñëîâà ³ íàçâ³òü áóêâè â íèõ.
Size, Bess, type, sees, vine, wine, fine, five, tie, pie, test, spell, life, seen,
seven, nine, system.
2. Âèçíà÷òå, ñê³ëüêè áóêâ òà çâóê³â ó êîæíîìó ñëîâ³.
Mine, type, bid, did, fine, dine, pit, pine, little, seven, seed, meddle,
pin, still, fell, left, see, pie, be, me.
3. Çàïèø³òü ñëîâà ó â³äïîâ³äí³ êîëîíêè.
[ i: ][ e ][ i ][ ai ]
me pen pin type
Mine, bid, did, fine, nine, vine, me, meet, lend, mile, Pete, eve, seem,
pep, beef, ebb, see, send, pie, tie, lie, my, bit, life, spell, be, met, Bess.