Longerich Peter. Heinrich Himmler: A Life
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8. BAB, NS 19/3483, Himmler to Kaltenbrunner re the application to marry
from Wilhelm B., an administrator for criminal cases, 17 June 1943.
9. BAB, NS 2/183, suggestion by Hofmann, the head of the Clan Office to be
presented to the RFSS, April 1939: ‘Before suggestions can be made to the
Reichsfu
¨
hrer-SS on the form, content, and organizatio n of the book, the
Reichsfu
¨
hrer-SS would really need to determine himself how he envisages
the clan book and what he aims to do with it.’
10. BAB, NS 19/577, ord er of 6 June 1935; cf. Schwarz, Frau, 31.
11. BAB, NS 2/85, 19 March 1936 .
12. BAB, NS 2/53, 20 April 1935.
13. BAB, NS 2/280, 6 July 1935; Schwarz, Frau, 32 f.
14. BAB NS 2/175, Himmler to Darre
´
, 30 April 1936.
15. Schwarz, Frau, 34 f.
16. Ibid. 33 f.
17.
BAB, NS 2/280, RFSS, 27 A
pril 1937; detailed provisions for exemption
followed on 25 May 1937 (ibid.).
18. BAB, NS 19/577, order of 31 March 1939;NS2/176, order of 25 February
1937 concerning decisions on marriages to foreign women.
19. BAB, NS 2/288, RFSS to RuSHA, 4 March 1940.
20. BAB, NS 2/231, Himmler to Hofmann, 12 November 1942.
21. Ibid. letter from the head of the RuSHA, 5 February 1943.
22. BAB, NS 2/85, Chief of Staff of the RuSHA to Himmler, 18. June 1936: the
processing of proofs of descent and marriage requests had to be suspended ‘with
immediate effect’ through lack of staff. See also the note on the file by the head
of the Clan Office on a discussion with Himmler on 12 August 1936.
23. BAB, NS 2/53, Chief of Staff of RuSHA to the Personal Staff, 13 May 1937 .
See also NS 2/85, for a similar complaint, 26 Febr
uary 1937.
24.
BAB, NS 2 /280, RFSS to RuSHA, 21 April 1937, concerning the easing of the
procedure in the case of SS men who were already party comrades before 1933.
In March 1939 Himmler decided that in the case of all SS men who were
married before 1936 but were not at that time members of the SS there was no
requirement for permission to marry to be obtained after the event (ibid. 22
March 1939).
25. BAB, NS 2/175, letter from SS Court, 23 June 1937.
26. Statistisches Jahrbuch der Schutzstaffel der NSDAP 1937 (sheet subsequently pasted
in and classified as secret). According to this one of the 308 suffered the more
severe form of exclusion, namely ‘expulsion’.
27. BAB, NS 2/239, an unsent letter from Turner, head of RuSHA, to Himmler of
28 March 1944, refers to Himmler’s order of 1 November 1940.
28. BAB, NS 47/33, order of 11 January 1940.
29. BAB, NS 2 /179. The head of the Race and Settlement Office could not make
up his mind when issuing the correspon ding guidanc e leaflet to reproduce
precisely the instructions Himmler had given for gynaecological examinations.
840 endnotes
Under the heading ‘Examination’ he put merely: ‘Thorough! Proceed sensi-
tively in the case of women. Internal examination to be carried out only if
necessary’ (ibid.).
30. BAB, NS 2/280, RFSS, 30 August 1937.
31. BAB, NS 2/52, RFSS to RuSHA, 21 April 1938.
32. BAB, NS 2/55. On the procedure for approving marriage during the war see
Schwarz, Frau, 38 ff.
33. BAB, NS, 19/3479, 26 January 1940.
34. BAB, NS 2/231, 22 March 1943.
35. Letter from Heider of 3 June 1943; reply from Personal Staff (Brandt), 16 June
1943, published in Ackermann, Himmler, 266 f.
36. BAB, NS 19/3479, head of RuSHA, comments on the August report from the
Clan Office signed by Himmler.
37. BAB, NS 19/3482, statistics of the Marriage Office in the RuSHA, January to
June 1942.
38. BAB, NS 19/3479, Personal Staff (Brandt) to Hofmann, 20 November 1941.
39.
BAB,
NS 19/3480, Himmler to von dem Bach-Zelewski, 7 August 1940.
40. Ibid. Personal Staff (Brandt) to the bridegroom, 27 January 1941.
41. For example: BAB, NS 19/3483, Personal Staff to the RuSHA, 5 March 1943,
concerning Hauptsturmfu
¨
hrer B., who wished to marry an ethnic German. He
was to be transferred from Warsaw and deployed ‘either in the Old Reich, in
the occupied Russian territories or in one of the Germanic countries, Den-
mark, Norway, or the Netherlands’, but under no circumstances ‘in the
General Government, in the Danzig–West Prussia Gau or in the Warthegau’.
NS 19/3482, RFSS to the chief of the Order Police, 24 December 1941,
concerning the marriage application of Oberwachtmeister S., who was evi-
dently stationed in France. Himmler wished S. to be transferred immediately to
Germany and the woman to move also so that she would be removed ‘from
French influence’.
42. BAB, NS 19/3483, RFSS to Hofmann, 30 November 1942. Further corre-
spondence shows that these instructions by Himmler could not be put into
effect; in the end he gave permission for the marriage even without these
obligations (ibid. Brandt to Hofmann, 19 April 1943).
43. Ibid. Himmler to the chief of th e order police, 24 June 1943.
44. BAB, NS 19/3978, letter to RuSHA, 24 October 1944.
45. BAB, NS 2/275, letter to SS Hauptscharfu
¨
hrer Heinrich, 15 February 1943.
46. BAB, NS 19/3878,
Himmler
to Wolff re request from Hermann W., 23 March
1944.
47. BAB, NS 19/3481, letter from Personal Staff to Betty F., 26 July 1941.
48. Ibid. Brandt to the RuSHA, 10 Oct ober 1941. In the same file there is a case in
which Himmler also instructed that Clauberg conduct an examination: mar-
riage application M., letter from the Reich Medical Officer to the Personal
Staff, 24 August 1941.
endnotes 841
49. BAB, NS 19/3483, Himmler to Genzken re the application by Hauptsturm-
fu
¨
hrer Dr Kurt R. The same formulation can be found in Himmler’s letter to
Stormtrooper Willi W., 30 November 1944 (NS 19/3478).
50. BAB, NS 19/3482, Himmler to d’Alquen, 27 May 1942. Himmler had turned
down the request once already on the grounds of the bride’s infertility.
51. BAB, NS 19/3481, letter from the Personal Staff (Brandt) to Hofmann, 4
September 1942.
52. BAB, NS 19/3483, letter to Ju
¨
ttner, 27 September 1942.
53. Ibid. Himmler to Kaltenbrunner, 17 June 1943. The transfer did not take place,
however: Kaltenbrunner let Himmler know that B. had seen reason and
promised ‘to look for a young and healthy marriage partner as soon as possible’
(ibid. 7 July 1943). Himmler agreed to the suggestion of leaving B. in (ibid.
Brandt to Kaltenbrunner, 15 July 1943).
54. Ibid. Himmler to Gertrud S., 30 January 1943, and also the note on the file
from the Personal Staff of 6 November 1943 about a similar case. In the case of
Stormtrooper Hans B. in 1944 he revised the negative decision he had at first
made (BAB, NS 19/3478).
55. BAB, NS 19 /3219. These details emerge from the letter of 4 December 1942
from the fiance
´
, Sturmfu
¨
hrer Lex, to the head of the Leadership Office.
56.
BAB,
NS 19/3480, Clan Office to Brunhilde F., 27 May 1941.
57. Ibid. Personal Staff (Brandt) to Ju
¨
ttner, 24 May 1941.
58. BAB, NS 19/3483, letter to Ju
¨
ttner, 2 October 1943.
59. BAB, NS 19/3478, letter of 1 December 1944 to the Marriage Office.
60. Ibid. Personal Staff to the RuSHA, 6 August 1944.
61. BAB, NS 19/3482, Himmler to Hofmann, 3 December 1942. See NS 2/59,
communication from Hofmann to RFSS, 15 Dec ember 1942: after this disclo-
sure Z. decided not to go ahead with the marriage.
62. BAB, NS 19/3478, Himmler to RuSHA re request of H. M., 5 October 1944.
63. BAB, NS 19/3483, Himmler to Hofmann re Frau K., 25 January 1943.
A further example of Himmler’s correcting ‘ethnological’ assessments can be
found in his letter of 29 December 1944, in which, by contrast with the
position adopted by RuSHA, he categorized a woman from Latvia as
‘a woman originally of German descent capable of Germanization’ (NS 19/
3478,
re
request of Unterscharfu
¨
hrer W.).
64. BAB, NS 19/3483, letter from Himmler re applica tion of Hauptsturmfu
¨
hrer
Dr R., 26 February 1943.
65. BAB, NS 19/3481, letter to HSSPF Rediess re the case of R., 6 February 1940.
The Reich medical officer charged with carrying out the examination, how-
ever, retrospectively defended the result reached by the doctor (ibid. report of
12 February 1940).
66. BAB, NS 19 /3482, Brandt to RuSHA, 20 November 1942, application by
Hauptscharfu
¨
hrer Sch. On similar cases see NS 19/3978, Himmler to SS
Leadership Office re the petition of Unterscharfu
¨
hrer Fritz D., 10 March
842 endnotes
1944 (after Himmler had concluded that the woman was ‘infertile’ he turned
down the application, ibid. 20 July 1944); NS 19/3482, Personal Staff (Brandt),
to Streckenbach re the request from J., 28 November 1942;NS19/3483,
Himmler to Eicke re Rottenfu
¨
hrer S., 30 November 1942, und Personal Staff
to Berger re request of SS man S., 9 March 1943 (this case was later settled
positively in consideration of the petitioner’s two existing children).
67. Ibid. Himmler to Berger, 9 October 1942.
68. Ibid. RFSS to RuSHA re the request of Stormtrooper Erwin M., 20 February 1943.
69. Ibid. letter of 22 June 1942 to RuSHA.
70. BAB, NS 19/3684, Perso nal Staff (Brandt) to Ebner, with a copy to Grawitz, 4
August 1942. According to Brandt’s information the enquiry was occasio ned
by the case of a woman who at the age of 49 or 50 had had her third child; she
had not begun menstruating until she was 19.
71. BAB, NS 19/3482, Himmler to Unterscharfu
¨
hrer S., 11 April 1942. In a similar
case, where he had given consent, in spite of a sixteen-year age-gap, in view of
the woman’s pregnancy, he prepared the future wife for the fact that, in the
face of the inevitable failure of her marriage, she would have to find a ‘huge
amount of wisdom, goodness, and generosity’ (NS 19/3978, letter of 27 August
1944 to RuSHA re the request of Unterscharfu
¨
hrer
H).
72.
BAB, NS 19/3482, Himmler to Frau R., 14 September 1942.
73.On15 February 1942 Hedwig Potthast gave birth to their son (Dienstkalender).
74. BAB, NS 19/3483, Himmler to the head of the Personnel Office and head of
the Race and Settlement Main Office, 9 December 1942. See also ibid.
Personal Staff (Brandt) to Herff, 20 August 1943: ‘The Reichsfu
¨
hrer-SS asks
you to communicate to Untersturmfu
¨
hrer F. his most severe displeasure at his
unchivalrous behaviour unworthy of an SS man in the matter of his divorce in
that without warrant he petitioned to have his wife declared solely at fault.’
75. Ibid. letter of 12 January 1943 to the SS Leadership Office.
76. Schwarz, Frau, 68.
77. BAB, NS 19 /4004, speech at the Gruppenfu
¨
hrer meeting in Munich in the
officers’ quarters of the SS-Standarte Deutschland, 8 November 1937.
78. Himmler to Werner Lorenz, 16 December 1942, published in Himmler, Reichs-
fu
¨
hrer!,no.180. The admonition was given in case, as Himmler supposed, Frau
Behrends was the ‘driving force behind the unhealthy ambition’ of her husband.
79. BAB, NS 19/3142, 16 May 1944, published in Himmler, R eichsfu
¨
hrer!,
no. 314.
80.
Ibid. Pancke’s reply of 6 June 1944.
81. BAB, NS 19/4003, speech at the Gruppenfu
¨
hrer meeting in Dachau,
8 November 1936. See also BDC, SS-O Lorenz, Himmler to Kaltenbrunner,
19 June 1943, in which he tried to get to the bottom of rumours that the
daughters of Obergruppenfu
¨
hrer Lorenz behaved ‘with little decorum in the
Red Cross’; the younger daughter in particular had been transferred several
times ‘because everywhere she got too involved with the soldiers [ . . . ] I must
gain a clear and unequivocal view of this matter’.
endnotes 843
82. BAB, BDC, SS-O Ro
¨
sener, Ro
¨
sener to Wolff, 22 April 1942.
83. Ibid. Ro
¨
sener to Himmler, 22 Juli 1943, responding to Himmler’s letter of 17
July 1943.
84. BAB, BDC, SS-O Becker, letter from Becker of 13 February 1943 and
Himmler’s reply of 20 Februa ry 1943.
85. BADH, ZM 1668, file 13, comments of the RFSS on the occasion of the
deliberations of the Expert Advisory Panel on Population and Racial Policy
on 15 June 1937.
86. BADH, ZM 1645 Akte 7, statement on the problem of ‘illegitimate children’,
28 April 1936. On Himmler’s attitude see also Ackermann, Himmler, 130 ff.
87. BAB, NS 19/3973, principles of the Lebensborn organization, 13 September
1936.
88. IfZ, Dc 012. 017, statutes of the Lebensborn Association, 10 February 1938,
published as a booklet without date or place of publication (1938).
89. Georg Lilienthal, Der ‘Lebensborn e.V’. Ein Instrument nationalsozialistischer
Rassenpolitik (Stuttgart and New York, 1985), 40.
90.
Ibid. 41 ff.
91.
IfZ, Dc 012.015, leaflet on admission to a Lebensborn Association home.
92. Lilienthal, ‘Lebe nsborn’, 47 ff.
93. Ibid. 45 ff.
94. BAB, NS 19/204, Lisamaria K., Lu
¨
beck, to Sturmbannfu
¨
hrer of the Leipzig
SS, copy sent via HSSPF Elbe to the Personal Staff, 20 July 1944.
95. BAB, NS 19/4003, speech at the Gruppenfu
¨
hrer meeting in Dachau, 8 No-
vember 1936.
96. BAB, NS 19/4004, Gruppenfu
¨
hrer meeting in Bad To
¨
lz, 18 February 1937.
97. OA Moscow, Himmler file, mortgage declaration from the Bayerische Hy-
potheken- und Wechselbank of 15 November 1938; Galke to the accounts
department of the Brown House, 16 June 1937. Further correspondence
related to the purchase in the same file.
98. BAB, NS 19/440, arrangements for payment of rent (1938).
99. USHMM, Acc. 1999.A.0092, Margarete Himmler’s diary, 13 June and 4
August 1939, on the completion of the Valepp hunting lodge.
100. OA Moscow, Himmler file, Wolff to the mayor for Tiergarten district, 5
November 1934, and Wolff to the landlord, the Mitteldeutsche Stahlwerke,
17 Aug
ust 1937.
101.
Ibid. letter from the Ma
¨
rkische Elektricita
¨
tswerk AG to the office of the
RFSS, 9 July 1937.
102. Ibid. Bormann to Himmler, 10 July 1937.
103. USHMM, Acc. 1999.A.0092, diary of Margarete Himmler, for example 30
March and 26 June 1938 and also 29 March 1939.
104. Ibid. 5 February, 5 March and 2 April 1938.
105. Ibid. 3 July 1938.
844 endnotes
106. Ibid. 1 April 1938. For further complaints about servants see 2 April, 16
August, and 31 December 1938, 13 August and 14 November 1939.
107. Ibid. 2 April 1938.
108. Ibid. 29 March 1939.
109. Ibid. 2 April 1938; in addition, 15 A pril and 31 December 1938.
110. Ibid. 8 April 1939. ‘Yesterday I spoke to Gerhard’s mother. She was very sad
but naturally does not want him back. She won’t even have him for Easter.
And she still wants to go on drawing money for him too.’
111. Ibid. 15 March and 16 October 1939.
112. BADH, ZM 1668, file 13, comments of the RFSS on the occasion of the
deliberations of the Expert Advisory Panel on Population and Racial Policy
on 15 June 1937.
113.BAB,NS19/4004, 18 February 1937 , cited in Himmler, Geheimreden, 84 .
114.BAB,NS7/220, SS judge on the staff of RFSS to main department, SS Court,
24 November 1941.
115.B
AB,NS19/39
78, Personal Staff (Brandt) to Dr Ku
¨
mmerlein, judge in the
Higher Regional Court (Oberlandesgericht), 29 March 1944.
116.BAB,NS2/175, note on the file from the Cla n Office, 25 August 1941.
117. Himmler to Wu
¨
st and Sievers, 17 August 1944, published in Himmler,
Reichsfu
¨
hrer!, no. 344. The ‘Friedelehe’, a term that has continued to provoke
controversy, is a construct of the historian Herbert Meyer (Friedelehe und
Mutterrecht (Weimar, 1927)). See also Schwarz, Frau, 89 ff., and also the
comments that Himmler is claimed to have made on this matter to his masseur
(Felix Kersten, Totenkopf und Treue. Heinrich Himmler ohne Uniform. Aus den
Tagebuchbla
¨
ttern des finnischen Medizinalrats Felix Kersten (Hamburg. 1952), 223 ff.).
118. Obersturmbannfu
¨
hrer Weigel to Himmler, 26 June 1944 , and also Personal
Staff (Brandt) to Hildebrandt, 2 October 1944, both published in Himmler,
Reichsfu
¨
hrer!, no. 326a and b.
119. Schlessmann to Himmler, 30 January 1945, and also Himmler’s reply of 12
February 1945, both published ibid. nos. 380a and b.
120.BAB,NS19/4006, speech to the leadr ship corps of the SS Division ‘Das
Reich’, 19 June 1942.
121.
On
these exhortations from Himmler cf. Ackermann, Himmler, 126 ff.
122. Letter of 6 December 1944, published in Himmler, Reichsfu
¨
hrer!, no. 366.
123. Himmler to Brandt, 22 October 1943, published ibid. no. 277.
124.BAB,NS19/2970, RFSS, 21 June 1943, published in Himmler, Reichsfu
¨
hrer!,
no. 215.
125. Ibid.
126.BAB,NS19/3127, letter of 28 October 1936.
127.BAB,NS19/3127.
128.BAB,NS19/1275, Wolff to Feierlein, 14 July 1938; Feierlein’s reply, 16
August 1938; Letter from Wolff, 29 August 1938.
129. Ibid. Wolff to Feierlein , 10 October 1938.
endnotes 845
130. Ibid. Feierlein to Wolff, 7 May and 22 June 1939.
131. BAB, NS 19/3973, principles of the Lebensborn, 13 September 1936.
132. A doctor who in 1938 had been dismissed from the SS on account of a
miscarriage he had induced in a nurse he had made pregnant was, according
to Himmler’s instruction, to be readmitted only if he declared himself in
agreement with the ‘Fu
¨
hrer’s clearly expressed view’ that if possible a family
should include four sons (Personal Staff (Brandt) to Personnel Main Office, 9
March 1943, published in Himmler, Reichsfu
¨
hrer!, no. 217).
133. BAB, NS 19/ 3594, scheduled leave in accordance with the order of the R FSS
of 2 October 1942.
134. BAB, NS 19/2651, Himmler to Frau E., 15 April 1942.
135. Himmler to Darre
´
, 29 March 1938, and head of the Personnel Main Office,
13 September 1939, re the Mayr/Engler-Fu
¨
sslin family, both published in
Himmler, Reichsfu
¨
hrer!, no. 27 and no. 50; cf. Schwarz, Frau , 49 f.
136. Statistisches Jahrbuch der Schutzstaffel der NSDAP 1938, 87 ff.
137. Ibid. 90.
138. BAK, NL 1126/34,
‘From the political life of our dear son Heinrich.’
139.
Breitman, ‘Mein Kampf ’.
140. Himmler, Bru
¨
der Himmler, 140.
141. Correspondence in BAK, NL 1126/13; Himmler, Bru
¨
der Himmler, 143 f.
142. Bru
¨
der Himmler, 165; see also Vo
¨
lkischer Beobachter (Munich edition) of
2 November 1936.
143. Himmler, Bru
¨
der Himmler, 131 ff., 144 f., 153 ff., 166 ff., and 192 ff.
144. BAB, NS 19/2651, 22 October 1937, Personal Staff to Obersturmfu
¨
hrer Ernst
Himmler re approval of a loan application.
145. Ibid. Ernst Himmler to Heinrich Himmler, 25 May 1944, in which he advises
him to remove Major Schmidt, a Jew, as deputy manager of the Lorenz firm;
see also NS 19/1541, report on Belgium, 1941. See Himmler, Bru
¨
der Himmler,
209 ff.
146. Himmler, Bru
¨
der Himmler, 117 f. and 156 ff.; BAB, BDC, SS-O Gerhard
Himmler.
147.
Himmler, Bru
¨
der
Himmler, 174 ff.
148. BAB, NS 19/2651, Ernst Himmler to Heinrich Himmler, 25 May 1944.
149. See the relevant SS-O files in BAB, BDC.
150.Du
¨
sterberg, Johst, 287.
151. Correspondence in BAB, BDC, SS-O Johst; see Du
¨
sterberg, Johst, 289.
152. BAB, BDC, SS-O Johst, letter of 29 March 1938.
153.Du
¨
sterberg, Johst, 294.
154. BAB, BDC, SS-O Johst.
155. Ibid. 9 December 1940 .
156. Ibid. letter of 3 April 1944. The letter refers to Himmler’s speech in Posen
on ‘Freedom Day’, 24 October 1943 (BAB, NS 19/4011); see Du
¨
sterberg,
Johst, 318.
846 endnotes
157. BAB, BDC, SS-O Johst, poem on Himmler’s birthday, 1937; letter of thanks
from Himmler, 15 April 1937; for further examples see Du
¨
sterberg, Johst,
289.
158. ‘Der Neue Orden’, SS-Leitheft, 2/11 (1936–7), 29 f.; ‘Zum einja
¨
hrigen
Bestehen des Schwarzen Korps’, in Das Schwarze Korps, 12 March 1936;see
Du
¨
sterberg, Johst, 294 f.
159. BAB, BDC, SS-O Johst, 31 March 1943;seeDu
¨
sterberg, Johst, 301.
160. See Kersten’s memoirs, Totenkopf, and also the commentary on sources and
literature in the appendix.
chapter 14
1.BAB,NS19/4004, Gruppenfu
¨
hrer meeting in Bad To
¨
lz, 18 February 1937.
2. See above pp. 122 ff.
3. Himmler, Geheimreden, 79. There are no further details on dates.
4.BAB,NS19/4005, speech to the Gruppenfu
¨
hrer meeting in Munich, 8 No-
vember 1938, published in Himmler, Geheimreden, 25 ff., quotation p. 37 f.
5.BAB,NS19/4006, 26 February 1939.
6. Adolf Hitler, Reden und Proklamationen 1932–1945. Kommentiert von einem
deutschen Zeitgenossen, 2 vols., ed. Max Domarus (Neust adt a. d. Aisch,
1963), ii. 1057.
7.BAB,NS19/4005, speech to the Gruppenfu
¨
hrer meeting in Munich, 8 No-
vember 1938, published in Himmler, Geheimreden, 25 ff., here 49.
8.BAB,NS19/3666, published in: Himmler, Geheimreden, 51. There is no date
given, but the speech must have been given between January 1939 and the
beginning of the war.
9. Ronald
Smelse
r, Das Sudetenproblem und das Dritte Reich (1933–1938). Von der
Volkstumspolitik zur nationalsozialistischen Außenpolitik (Munich, etc., 1980), 151 f.
10. Ibid. 156 ff.
11. BAB, BDC, SS-O Liera u, in particular the letter of 6 December 1938 to Kelz.
12. On Nazi ethnic policy in the second half of the 1930s see Hans-Adolf
Jacobsen, Nationalsozialistische Außenpolitik 1933– 1938 (Frankfurt a. M. and
Berlin, 1968); Valdis O. Lumans, Himmler’s Auxiliaries: The Volksdeutsche
Mittelstelle and the German National Minorities of Europe, 1933–1945 (Chapel
Hill and London, 1993); Tammo Luther, Volkstumspolitik des Deutschen Reiches
1933–1938. Die Auslanddeutschen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Traditionalisten und
Nationalsozialisten (Stuttgart, 2004).
13. Jacobsen, Nationalsozialistische Außenpolitik, 90 ff.
14. Ibid. 175 f.
15. Ibid. 225 ff.
16. Ibid. 231 f.
endnotes 847
17. BAB, BDC, SS-O Lorenz, Schmitt, SS head of personnel, to Lorenz, 10
January 1938.
18. Jacobsen, Nationalsozialistische Außenpolitik , 234.
19. BAB, BDC, SS-O Behrends; Aronson, Heydrich, 161 f.
20. Hans-Adolf Jacobsen (ed.), Hans Steinacher: Bundesleiter des VDA 1933–1937 .
Erinnerungen und Dokumente (Boppard a. Rh., 1970), doc. no. 109, meeting
with SS Obergruppenfu
¨
hrer Lorenz, 23 April 1937.
21. Jacobsen, Nationalsozialistische Außenpolitik , 234 ff.; Lumans, Auxiliaries, 62 ff.
22. Jacobsen, Nationalsozialistische Außenpolitik , 249.
23. This is what Karl Haushofer said he believed in a letter to Hess, 10 December
1936, printed in Jacobsen (ed.), Steinacher, doc. no. 109.
24. Luther, Volkstumspolitik, 157.
25. Ibid. 155.
26. Luther demonstrates this with the example of the conflicts between German
associations in Poland in 1937 and in Romania, as well as with the relucta nce of
VoMi to intervene in Yugoslavia. Also VoMi gave up favouring the (Nazi)
Amerikadeutscher Volksbund over other American organizations, which was
criticized by the Foreign Department (Volkstumspolitik, 154 ff.).
27. PAA, Inland IIg 214; Luther, Volkstumspolitik, 164 f.
28. IfZ, Party Chancellery, Order 5/39go
f3 Febr
uary 1939; Luther, Volkstumspo-
litik, 165.
29. Luther, Volkstumspolitik, 166.
30. Karl M. Reinerth, ‘Zu den innenpolitischen Auseinandersetzungen unter den
Deutschen in R uma
¨
nien zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen’, in Walter Ko
¨
nig
(ed.), Siebenbu
¨
rgen zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen (Cologne, Weimar , and
Vienna, 1994), 14 9–67, here 160 f.; on Romania see also Johann Bo
¨
hm, Die
Deutschen in Ruma
¨
nien und das Dritte Reich 1933–1940 (Frankfurt a. M., 1999),
197 ff.
31. Akiko Shimizu, Die deutsche Okkupation des serbischen Banats 1941–1944 unter
besonderer Beru
¨
cksichtigung der deutschen Volksgruppe in Jugoslawien (Mu
¨
nster,
2003), 59 ff.
32. Norbert Spannenberger, Der Volksbund der Deutschen in Ungarn 1938 bis 1944
unter Horthy und Hitler, 2nd rev. edn. (Munich, 2005), esp. 141 ff.
33. Smelser, Sudetenproblem, 175 ff.
34. Luther, Volkst
umspolitik, 160.
35.
Smelser, Sudetenproblem, 185.
36. Luther, Volkstumspolitik, 166.
37. Otto Heike, Die deutsche Minderheit in Polen bis 1939. Ihr Leben und Wirken
kulturell, gesellschaftlich, politisch. Eine historisch -dokumentarische Analyse (Lever-
kusen, 1985), 214 ff.
38. Ernst Hochberger, ‘Die Deutschen in der Slowakei’, in id., Anton Scherer, and
Friedrich Spiegel-Schmidt, Die Deutschen zwischen Karpaten und Krain (Mu-
nich, 1994), 12–78, here 38.
848 endnotes
39. By contrast, at this stage the recruitment of potential spies and future volunteers
for armed SS units appears to have been a secondary motive for Himmler’s
activities in the field of ethnic German policy; see Lumans, Auxiliaries, 38.
40. Jacobsen, Nationalsozialistische Außenpolitik, 252 ff.
41. BAB, NS 19/1446, notes on statements made by Himmler at lunch on 30
January 1939.
42. Hans-Ju
¨
rgen Do
¨
scher, SS und Auswa
¨
rtiges Amt im Dritten Reich. Diplomatie im
Schatten der ‘Endlo
¨
sung’ (Berlin, 1991), 149.
43. Ibid. 150.
44. USHMM, Acc. 1999.A.0092, 2 February 1938.
45. Ibid. 2 February 1939: ‘Apart from Herr v. R., nobody has given me a ring.’
46.Do
¨
scher, Auswa
¨
rtiges Amt, 140 f.
47. Ibid. 141 ff., quotation 143.
48. Ibid. 115.
49. BAB, BDC, SS-O Neurath, letter of appointment from Himmler of 18
September 1937; see Do
¨
scher, Auswa
¨
rtiges Amt, 136 ff.
50. Ibid. 160 ff.
51.
Ibid. 153.
52.
Ibid. 185 f.
53. Ibid. 175 ff.
54. BAB, NS 19/809, without giving day.
55. BAB, BDC, SS-O Schumburg, certificate of service dated 13 May 1937.On
Schumburg see in particular Do
¨
scher, Auswa
¨
rtiges Amt, 119 ff.
56. Gestapo Chief Mu
¨
ller described him in an assessment of 1944 as ‘a sort of
liaison with the Reich Security Main Office’ (BAB, BDC, SS-O Schumbu rg,
19 July 1944).
57. Ibid.
58. Ibid. assessment of 19 July 1944; see Do
¨
scher, Auswa
¨
rtiges Amt, 131. The plan to
move Schumburg to a foreign posting was prevented by the outbreak of war.
In October 1939 Schumbu rg took over the special German desk, which is
where the link with the SS was located. Schumburg regarded himself as in the
first instance a representative of the SS within the Foreign Ministry, and thus it
was understandable that, in his 1944 assessment of him, Mu
¨
ller should have
considered that ‘his sympathies lie more with us than with the Foreign
Ministry’.
59. PAA, Inland IIg 101, Heydrich to Foreign Ministry, 4 May 1936; note from
the Foreign Ministry, 4 May 1936; RFSS to the Foreign Ministry, 24 Novem-
ber 1936, and further correspondence; see Do
¨
scher, Auswa
¨
rtiges Amt, 129 f.
60.
BAB, R 58/860,
list of Winzer’s, 12 August 1942.
61. PAA, Inland IIg 61, Schumburg to the state secretary, 13 July 1939.
62. Decree of 3 September 1939, published in ‘Fu
¨
hrer-Erlasse’ 1939–1945. Edition
sa
¨
mtlicher u
¨
berlieferter, nicht im Reichsgesetzblatt abgedruckter, von Hitler wa
¨
hrend des
Zweiten Weltkrieges schriftlich erteilter Direktiven aus den Bereichen Staat, Partei,
endnotes 849