Габриелян О.С. Домашняя работа по химии, 9 класс

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§ 42

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⇒

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<hijhk

Z

)

(

NaNO

)

NaNO(Mr

)

(

= 16,5 %.

[

)

(

)

(

42 4

2Mr(N)

Mr((NH ) SO )

132

= 21,2 %.

\



1+ 12

1

)

NH(Mr

)

(

Mr2

⋅

= 35 %.

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<hijhk

Z



.12 

. 2

)

KNO(Mr

)

K(Mr

202

= 46,5 %.



.12

1

)

KNO(Mr

)

(Mr

101

= 14 %.

[

 

1+  +32

1

HPO

)

(

)

(

132

= 21,2 %;



1+ +32  

&3 2 

HPO

)

(

)

(

264

142

= 53,8 %.

\

)

(

)

K(Mr

)

(

⋅

424

282

= 66,5 %.

)

(

)

K(Mr

)

(Mr

424

142

= 33,5 %.

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2NH

&D2G

⇒

Ca(NO

)

+ 2NH

↑

G

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<hijhk

CaCO

+ 2HCl = CaCl

+ H

O + CO

↑.

G_jZkl\hjbfucdZj[hgZldZevpbyjZkl\hjy_lky\ dbkehlZo

<hijhk

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`_em^dZkexghc

<hijhk

CaCO

+ 2H

⇒ Ca

+ H

O + CO

↑.

m(CaCO

) = 4

l]Z

⋅

100

l

Hl\_lgm`gh\g_klbd]

CaCO

<hijhk

CaCO

⋅MgCO

+ 4H

⇒ Ca

+ Mg

+ 2CO

↑ + 2H

:ahlgu_dZebcgu_b nhknhjgu_m^h[j_gby

<hijhk

(PO

)

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<hijhk

(PO

)

—

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<hijhk

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<hijhk

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<hijhk

>Zgh

: V

jjZ e ]

m(HNO

)

]

m(Ca

(NO

)

)=10

]

GZclb

\jj_

O),

\jj_

(N),

\jj_

)

J_r_gb_GZc^_ffZkkh\u_^hebwe_f_glh\

)

(

KNO

U

U

0.2

0 .12 

202

= 46,5 %.

)

(

KNO

U

01

0.12

101

= 14 %.

)

(

)

(



0 1

0 &D12  

164

= 17 %.

)

(

U

U

0.2

0 .+ 32 

272

= 34,6 %.

)

(

U

U

032

0 .+ 32 

272

142

= 52,2 %.

GZc^_ffZkkudhfihg_glh\

m(N) = m(KNO

)

⋅ω

(N) + m(Ca(NO

)

⋅ω

(N) = 2,5

⋅

0,14 + 10

⋅

0,17 =

= 0,35 + 1,7 = 2,05

]

m(P) = m(K

HPO

)

⋅ω

) = 2,5

⋅

0,522 = 1,305

]

m(K)=m(KNO

)

⋅ω

O)+m(KH

)

⋅ω

O)=2,5

⋅

0,465+2,5

⋅

0,346=2,02

]

GZc^_ffZkkh \u_^hebdhfihg_glh\

(N) =

)

(

)

(

)

KNO

(

)

(

)

(

−

 



= 0,2 %.

(K) =

)

h[s

)

K(m

1015

0275,2

= 0,2 %.

(P) =

)

h[s

)P(m

1015

305,1

= 0,113 %.

Hl\_l

(N) = 0,2 %;

ωJ

) = 0,13 %;

(

D 

<hijhk

>Zgh

kf_kb

(

) = 0,2.

GZclb

ωKZG

)

J_r_gb_Kmi_jnhknZlijhklhckhklhblba

Ca(H

)

CaSO

AgZqblωJ

) =

)

kf_kb

)

OP(m

= 0,2.

o 

⋅

m]^_m ²fZkkZkf_kb

ωKZG

)

) =

)

kf_kb

(

)

(

)

kf_kb

(

)

(

)

(

)

(



&D+ 32   

[ 3 2 

;

)

(

)

(



U

032

0&D+32

234

142

= 60,7 %.

Lh]^ZωKZG

)

[

  \   

⋅

=0,329=32,9 %.

Hl\_l

\ kmi_jnhknZl_

KZG

)

) = 32,9 %.

<hijhk

>Zgh

: m(H

) =

]

m(Ca(OH)

) = 37

]

GZclb

: m(CaHPO

⋅

J_r_gb_AZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbb

a(OH)

=CaHPO

⋅

(Ca(OH)

)=0,5

fhev

νG

 fhev

BamjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbb\b^ghqlhνG

(Ca(OH)

 Ba

^Zgguo\b^ghqlh

Ca(OH)

\ba[uld_ihwlhfmkqblZ_fihG

BafhevG

ihemqZ_lkyfhevij_pbiblZlZ

m(CaHPO

⋅

O) =

ν\_s\Z⋅

\\Z ⋅ ]

Hl\_l

: m(CaHPO

⋅

2 ]

Obfbq_kdbcijZdl bdmf

K\hckl\Z f_lZeeh\bbokh_^bg_gby

IjZdlbq_kdZyjZ[hlZ

Hij_^_e_gb_\uoh^Zijh^ mdlZj_Zdpbb

<ZjbZgl

Hij_^_e_gb_\u oh^Z\h^hjh^Zijb\aZbfh^_ckl \bbpbgdZk kheyghc

dbkehlhc

rlZlb\

ijh[bjdZk ihjhrdhf

HCl

ijh[dZ

]Zahhl\h^gZy lj m[dZ

f_jguc

pbebg^j

djbklZeebaZlhj

k \h^hc

Kh[_j_ fijb[hj^eyihemq_gby]Zah\dZdihdZaZghgZjbkmgd_

Ijh\_jbf_]hgZ]_jf_lbqghklv>eywlh]hhimklbfk\h[h^guc

dhg_p]Zahhl\h^ghcljm[db\\h^mbgZ]j__fijh[bjdmfh`ghk

ihfhsvxkibjlh\db?kebbaljm[db\uoh ^ylimaujvdb\ha^moZ

jZkrbjb\r_]hkyijbgZ]j_\Zgbblhijb[hjkh[jZg]_jf_lbqgh

L_i_jvgZev_f\f_jgucpbebg^j\h^mZddmjZlghi_j_\_jg_f_]h\

\h^_ lZd qlh[u \ha^mo g_ ihiZe \gmljv dhg_p ]Zahhl\h^ghc ljm[db

ihf_klbf \ pbebg^j dZd ihdZaZgh gZ jbkmgd_ < ijh[bjdm ihf_klbf

jZkq_lgh_ dhebq_kl\h  ihjhrdZ pbgdZ b jZkl\hj kheyghc dbkehlu b

iehlghaZldg_f__ j_abgh\hcijh[dhck ]Zahhl\h^ghcljm[dhc

< ijh[bjd_gZqbgZ_lky\u^_e_gb_\h^hjh^Zdhlhjucihljm[d_

ihklmiZ_l\f_jgucpbebg^jb \ul_kgy_lbag_]h\h ^mH[t_f

\ul_kg_gghc\h^ujZ\_gh[t_fmihemq_ggh]h\h^hjh^Z

ijZdl

(

>eylh]hqlh[umagZlv

ijZdl

(

aZibr_fj_Zdpbx\aZbfh^_ckl\by

=Qb +&O





 fhev

 

fhev

0 

]fhev

9 

efhev

P 0

 

]

9  9 

=Q +&O =Q&O +

⋅

ν⋅

+⇒ + ↑

Ij_^\Zjbl_evgh\a\_kb\pbgdjZkkqblZ_fl_hj_lbq_kdbh[t_f

\h^hjh^Z

l_hj

(

= m

⋅

= m

4,22

= 0,345 m

;

lh]^Z\uoh^\h^hjh^Zfh`ghihemqblvihnhjfme_

W =

l_hj

(

ijZdl

(

⋅

100 % =



+

ijZdl

P

⋅

100 % = 2,9

⋅



+

ijZdl

100 %.

<ZjbZgl

Hij_^_e_gb_\u oh^Z\h^hjh^Zijb\aZbfh^_ckl \bbdZevpbyk\h^hc

Hiulijh\h^blkyZgZeh]bqghij_^u^ms_fm\ZjbZgl

HlebqZxlkyebrvjZkq_lu

KgZqZeZgZc^_ffZkkmqbklh]hdZevpby<a\_kb\\u^Zgguch[jZa_p

fumagZ_fkmffZjgmxf Zkk mf_lZe eZk ijbf_kyfb

100

%100

(

−

h[jZapZ

= 0,88 m

h[jZapZ

± ^heyqbklh]hf_lZeeZ\ h[jZap_AZibr_fj_Zdpbx

\aZbfh^_ckl\byKZkG

H





 fhev

 

fhev

0 

]fhev

9 

efhev

P 

]

9 

&D + 2 &D2+ +

+= + ↑

Lh]^Z

l_hj

(

= m

⋅

= 0,56m

= 0,4928 m

h[jZapZ

JZkkqblZ_f\uoh^\h^hjh^Zihnhjfme_

W =

l_hj

(

ijZdl

(

⋅

100 % = 2,03

⋅

h[jZapZ

ijZdl

(

100 %.

< j_Zdpbbh[jZam_lkyfZehjZkl\hjbfh_\_s_ kl\hKZ HG

Hgh

hklZg_lky\ ijh[bjd_\\b^_[_ ehcfmlb

IjZdlbq_kdZyjZ[hlZ

Hkms_kl\e_gb_p_ihqdbobfbq_kdboij_\jZs_gbc

<ZjbZgl

Ijh\_^_fke_^mxsb_ij_\jZs_gby

MgCO



→



MgCl



→



Mg(OH)



→



MgSO

<havf_fl\_j ^ uc0J&2

b ^h[Z\bf dg_fmjZkl\hj+&O

MgCO

+ 2HCl

⇒

MgCl

+ H

O + CO

↑

MgCO

+ 2H

⇒

+ H

O + CO

↑

L\_j^ucdZj[hgZlfZ]gbyjZkl\hjblky\ dbkehl_b[m^_l\u^_eylvky

]Za

D ihemq_gghfmjZkl\hjm^h[Z\bfs_ehqvgZijbf_jjZkl\hj

NaOH.

MgCl

+ 2NaOH ⇒ 2NaCl + Mg(OH)

↓; Mg

+ 2OH

–

⇒ Mg(OH)

↓.

Ijhbkoh^bl\uiZ^_gb_[_eh]hhkZ^dZ

DhkZ^dm^h[Z\ey_fjZkl\hj+

Mg(OH)

+ H

⇒MgSO

+ 2H

O;Mg(OH)

+ 2H

⇒Mg

+ 2H

HkZ^hdjZkl\hjy_lky

<ZjbZgl

Ijh\_^_fke_^mxs__ij_\jZs_gb_ 

CuSO



→



Cu(OH)



→



CuO



→



Cu.

D jZkl\hjmf_^gh]hdmihjhkZ&X62

^h[Z\bfhklhjh`gh

jZkl\hj1D2+

CuSO

+ 2NaOH = Cu(OH)

↓ + Na

SO4,

+ 2OH

–

= Cu(OH)

↓.

<uiZ^Z_lkbgbchkZ^hd

Ijh[b jdmkihemq_ggufhkZ^dhfZ ddm jZlg hgZ ]j__fgZkibjlh\d_

Cu(OH)

⇒

CuO + H

KbgbchkZ^hdihkl_i_gghq_jg__lIjhbkoh^bljZaeh`_gb_

Cu(OH)

k h[jZah\Zgb_fq_jgh]hKX2

>eyihemq_gby&XkgZqZeZi_j_\_^_f&X2\ jZkl\hj^h[Z\bf

jZkl\hj+&O

KX2

+ 2HCl ⇒ CuCl

+ H

KX2

+ 2H

⇒ Cu

+ H

Q_jguchkZ^hdjZkl\hjy_lkyL_i_jv^h[Z\bflm^Zihjhrhd`_e_aZ

Ihemq_ggmxkf_kvfh`ghhklhjh`ghijhdbiylblvgZkibjlh\d_

CuCl

+ Fe ⇒ Cu↓ + FeCl

; Cu

+ Fe

⇒ Cu

↓ + Fe

GZ^g_ijh[bjdbhklZ_lkydjZkguchkZ^hdf_^b

<ZjbZgl

Ijh\_^_fke_^mxsb_ij_\jZs_gby

=Q&O





→

=Q2+



→

=Q&O







=Q2





D jZkl\hjm=Q&O

^h[Z\ bfg_fgh]hjZkl\hjZ1D2+

ZnCl

+ 2NaOH ⇒ Zn(OH)

↓ + 2NaCl, Zn

+ 2OH

–

⇒ Zn(OH)

↓.

<uiZ^Z_l[_eucklm^_gbkluchkZ^hd