Габриелян О.С. Домашняя работа по химии, 9 класс
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31
Hahgh\u_^uju ²mlhgvr_gb_bebjZajmr_gb_hahgh\h]hklehy
Zlfhkn_ju
§ 16
Obfbq_kdb_we_f_glu\ de_ldZo`b\uohj]Zgbafh\
<hijhk
JZaebqb_ f_`^m `b\hc bg_`b\hc ijbjh^hc h[gZjm`b\Zxlky
lhevdhgZmjh\g_keh`guo\_s_kl\gZfhe_dmeyjghfmjh\g_
<hijhk
LZdb_\_s_kl\ZoZjZdl_jgulhevdh^ey`b\uohj]Zgbafh\
gZijbf_jhj]Zgbq_kdb_\_s_kl\Z[_edb`bjum]e_\h^u
gmde_bgh\u_dbkehlu\blZfbgu]hjfhgub^j
<hijhk
;bh]_ggu_fZdjhwe_f_glu ²we_f_gludhlhju_\oh^yl\ khklZ\
hj]Zgbq_kdbo\_s_kl\Wlhm]e_jh^\h^hjh^dbkehjh^bZahl
<hijhk
Wg^_fbq_kdbcah [dZdba\_klgh\uau\Z_lkyg_^hklZldhfbh^Z\
ibs_b\h^_WlhaZ[he_\Zgb_ihy\ey_lky\ hij_^_e_gguo
]_h]jZnbq_kdbojZchgZo^eydhlhjuooZjZdl_j_gg_^hklZlhdbh^Z
Wg^_fbdb ²wlhjZkl_gbybeb`b\hlgu_dhlhju_\klj_qZxlky
lhevdh\ h^ghfhij_^_e_gghfZj_Ze_
Wg^_fbdbjZkl_gbygZijbf_jebZguwg^_fbdb`b\hlgu_
gZijbf_jdhZeZmkkmjbckdbclb]j
<hijhk
N_jf_glu ² wlh [_edb dhlhju_ dZlZebabjmxl [bheh]bq_kdb_
j_Zdpbb
<blZfbgu ² wlh [bheh]bq_kdb_ Zdlb\gu_ \_s_kl\Z ijbgbfZxsb_
mqZklb_ \ j_Zdpbyo h[f_gZ \_s_kl\ Ih k\h_fm [bheh]bq_kdhfm
^_ckl\bx \blZfbgu [ebadb d n_jf_glZf gh n_jf_glu h[jZam xlky
de_ldZfbhj]ZgbafZZ\blZfbguh[uqghihklmiZxlkibs_c
<hijhk
@_e_au =hjfhgu Nmgdpbb]hjfhgh\
Ih^`_em^hqgZy
`_e_aZ
Bgkmebg Kgb`_gb_]exdhau\djh\b
=bihnba :DL= >_ckl\m_lgZgZ^ihq_qgbdb
kihkh[kl\m_lbonmgdpbb
GZ^ihq_qgbdb :^j_gZebg
GhjZ^j_gZebg
MqZklb_\ klj_kkhjguoj_Zdpbyo
m\_ebq_gb_q Zklhluk_j^_qguo
khdjZs_gbc
32
Sblh\b^gZy
`_^_aZ
Lbjhdkbg < ^_lkdhf\hajZkl_ ²jZa\blb_
g_j\ghckbkl_fu\h\ajhkehf
\hajZkl_ ²ih\ur_gb_h[f_gZ\_s_kl\
§ 17
=Zeh]_gu
<hijhk
>Zgh: V(F
2
) = V(Cl
2
e
GZclb: m(F
2
); m(Cl
2
); D
\ha^
(F
2
); D
\ha^
(Cl
2
);
2
H
D
(F
2
);
2
H
D
(Cl
2
)
J_r_gb_ : 1. m(F
2
)=ν(F
2
)⋅M(F
2
)=
ν
V
)F(V
2
⋅M(F
2
)=
e
efhev
⋅ ]fhev ]
m(Cl
2
)=ν(Cl
2
)⋅M(Cl
2
) =
ν
V
)
Cl(V
2
⋅M(Cl
2
) =
e
efhev
⋅]fhev
]
2. D
\ha^
(F
2
) =
U
U
0)
0\ha^
=
≈1,31;
+
'
(F
2
) =
U
U
0)
0+
=
= 19;
D
\ha^
(Cl
2
) =
U
U
0&O
0\ha^
=
≈2,45;
+
'
(Cl
2
) =
U
U
0&O
0+
=
= 35,5.
<hijhk
NlhjgZy\h ^Z g_kms_kl\m_lldnlhjj_Z]bjm_lk \h^hc
2F
2
+ H
2
O = 2HF + F
2
O.
<hijhk
S_ehqgu_ f_lZeeu ij_`^_ \k_]h [m^ml j_Z]bjh\Zlv k \h^hc k
\u^_e_gb_f\h^hjh^ZZg_k jZkl\hj_gghckhevx
>eykjZ\g_gby\havf_fj_Zdpbb$Ok jZkl\hjhf)H&O
3
b oehjghc
\h^uk jZkl\hjhf1D%U
$O
+
)H&O
⇒ )H↓$O&O
Cl
2
+2NaBr ⇒ 2NaCl+Br
2
.
2
B\lhfb\^jm]hfke mqZ_b^_lH<J ;h e__Zdlb\gucwe_f_gl
\ul_kgy_lf_g__Zdlb\gucbajZkl\hjZkheb
<hijhk
&O
2
&O
2
&O
2
.
KO
−
2
+
KO
2
±
+
KO
−
2
33
<hijhk
H
2
+ I
]Za
∅ 2HI + Q.
Obfbq_kdh_jZ\gh\_kb_fh`ghkf_klblv\ijZ\h_kebkbkl_fZ[m^_l
hoeZ`^ZlvkyihijbgpbimE_RZl_ev_
<hijhk
JZkkfhljbf\aZbfh^_ckl\b_]Zeh]_gh\k \h^hjh^hfNlhjj_Z]bjm_ l
kG
2
\ex[uomkeh\byokh\a ju\hfoehj ²kh\aju\hflhevdhijb
ih^`b]Zgbbbebh[emq_gbbijyfufkheg_qgufk\_lhf[jhf
\aZbfh^_ckl\m_lkG
2
ijbgZ]j_\Zgbbb[_a\aju\ZWlbj_Zdpbb
wdahl_jfbq_kdb_J_Zdpby`_kh_^bg_gbybh^ZbG
2
keZ[h
wg^hl_jfbq_kdZyhgZijhl_dZ_lf_^e_ggh^Z`_ijbgZ]j_\Zgbb
<u\h^ q_f Zdlb\g_c j_Z]bjmxsb_ \_s_kl\Z l_f \ur_ kdhjhklv
ijhl_dZgbyj_Zdpbb
<hijhk
>ZghPjjZ., ]ω
\jj_
(KI) = 0,15;
GZclb
: V(Cl
2
), m(KCl);
J_r_gb_GZc^_ffZkkmkmohckh eb.,
P., PjjZ.,⋅ω., ] ⋅ ]
AZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbbb gZc^_ffZkkmkhebb h [t_f
g_h[oh^bfh]hoehjZ
m]
P
]oe
fhev
fhev
fhev
0
]fhev
0
]fhev
9
efhev
P
]
P
]
9
e
., &O .&O ,
] ²oe
] ²e
o
⋅
= 3.
V(Cl
2
)
e
] ²m]
] ²]
y
]
m(KCl) = 20,2
]
P.&O
]
.&O
fhev
0.&O
]fhev
Hl\_l
: V(Cl
2
eP.&O ]
.
<hijhk
>Zgh
: V(H
2
e9&O
2
e
GZclb
: V(HCl)
J_r_gb_AZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbb
34
f
hev
fhev
fhev
9
e
fhev
9
efhev 9 efh ev
9
e
9
e
9 e
+ &O +&O
GZc^_fdZdhc]Za\a yl\ ba[uld_
νG
2
) =
9+
9
ν
=
4,22
200
, V
KO
2
) =
ν
V
)
Cl(V
2
=
.
3
IhmjZ\g_gbxj_Zdpbb
V
G
2
):V
KO
2
ke_^h\Zl_evgh
\h^hjh^\ba[uld_
>
).
IhmjZ\g_gbxj_Zdpbb9G&O ⋅9KO
2
eLh]^ZhklZehkv
g_ijhj_Z]bjh\Z\r_]h\h^hjh^Z9
hkl
e± e e
Hl\_l9+&O e9
hkl
G
2
e
<hijhk
Wlh gZa\Zgb_ nlhj ihem qbe [eZ]h^Zjy kihkh[ghklb ieZ\bdh\h]h
riZlZihgb`Zlvl_fi_jZlm jmieZ\e_gbynlhjb^h\
§ 18
Kh_^bg_gby]Zeh]_gh\
<hijhk
We_dljheblbq_kdZy^bkkhpbZpbym\_ebqb\Z_lkyhl
H
)d
HI.
KZfZykbevgZyba]Zeh]_gh\h^hjh^guodbkehl ²bh^h\h^hjh^gZyZ
kZfZykeZ[Zy ²n lhjh\h^hjh^gZy;hevrZyijhqghklvobfbq_kdhc
k\yab+)nlhjh\h^hjh^gZydbkehlZkeZ[h^bkkhpbbjm_l\\h^_
h[mkeh\e_gZfZeufjZaf_jhfZlhfZ)b khhl\_lkl\mxsbffZeuf
jZkklhygb_ff_`^my^jZfbZlhfh\\h^hjh^ZbnlhjZK jhklhf
jZ^bmkZZlhfZhl)d
I
jZkl_lb f_`ty ^_jgh_jZkklhygb_ijhqghklv
fhe_dmemf_gvrZ_lkyb kh h l\_lkl\ mxsZyk ihkh[ghklvd
we_dljhebl bq_kdhc^bkkhpbZpbbm\_ebqb\Z_lky
<hijhk
<havf_f\ dZq_kl\_j_Zdlb\ZjZkl\hjgbljZlZk_j_[jZ
1. AgNO
3
+ NaF
∅
AgF + NaNO
3
²gbdZdbobaf_g_gbc
2. AgNO
3
+ NaCl=AgCl
↓
+ NaNO
3
²\uiZ^Z_l[_euchkZ^hd
3. AgNO
3
+NaBr=AgBr
↓
+NaNO
3
²\uiZ^Z_l[e_^gh`_eluchkZ^hd
4. AgNO
3
+ NaI=AgI
↓
+ NaNO
3
—
\uiZ^Z_l`_eluchkZ^hd
<hijhk
K ihfhsvx^Zgghcj_Zdpbbfh`ghihemqblv[_a\h^guc
MgCl
2
Mg + Cl
2
= MgCl
2
.
2. Mg(OH)
2
+ 2HCl = MgCl
2
+ 2H
2
O;
3. MgO + 2HCl = H
2
O + MgCl
2
;
35
4. MgSO
4
+ BaCl
2
= BaSO
4
↓
+ MaCl
2
.
<hijhk
&O
→
+&O
→
&X&O
→
=Q&O
→
$J&O
1. Cl
2
+ H
2
= 2HCl;
&O H &O
−
+→
;
+H+
−→
;
2. 2HCl + Cu(OH)
2
= CuCl
2
+ 2H
2
O; 2H
+
+ Cu(OH)
2
→ Cu
2+
+ 2H
2
O;
3. CuCl
2
+ Zn = Cu↓ + ZnCl
2
; Cu
2+
+ Zn → Cu + Zn
2+
;
4. ZnCl
2
+ 2AgNO
3
= 2AgCl↓ + Zn(NO
3
)
2
; Ag
+
+ Cl
–
→ AgCl↓.
§ 19
Ihemq_gb_]Zeh]_gh\;bheh]bq_kdh_agZq_gb_
b ijbf_g_gb_]Zeh]_gh\bbokh_^bg_gbc
<hijhk
>Zgh: m(NaCl + ij ]ωij %;
GZclb: V(Cl
2
); m(Na)
J_r_gb_: GZc^_ffZkkmqbklhckheb
M(NaCl)=m(NaCl+ij±m(NaCl+ij⋅ωij ]± ]⋅0,02 ]
AZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbc
m
P
]
o
fhev
fhev
fhev
0
]fhev 0 ]fhe v
9
efhev
P
]P ]
9
e
1D&O 1D &O
=+
GZc^_ffZkkmgZljbyb h[t_foehjZ
] ²o]
] ²]
o
⋅
]
m(Na) ]
] ²me
] ²e
m
⋅
e
V(Cl
2
) = 109,76 e
Hl\_l: m(Na) = 225,4 ]V(Cl
2
) = 109,76 e
<hijhk
>Zgh: m(Na ]ω
\jj_
(NaOH) = 40 %;
GZclb: m(NaOH)
J_r_gb_: AZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbbihemq_gbyNaOH:
P
]
o]
fhev
fhev
0
]fhev 0 ]fhev
P
]P ]
1D +2 1D2+
G
++↑
GZc^_ffZkkmNaOHihemqb\r_]hky\oh^_j_Zdpbb
a
36
] ²]
] ²o]
o
⋅
]
m(NaOH) = 392
]
GZc^_ffZkkm ]hjZkl\hjZ]b^jhdkb^ZgZljby
m(
jjZ
NaOH) =
)
NaOH
(
)
NaOH(
m
j_
\j
−
ω
=
= 980
]
Hl\_l
: m(
jjZ1D2+ ]
.
<hijhk
>Zgh
: V(Cl
2
) = 100
e
W = 95 %;
GZclb
: m(MnO
2
);
ν
(HCl)
J_r_gb_GZc^_fkdhev dhoehjZ^he`ghihemqZlvky
l_hj_lbq_kdbqlh[uijZdlbq_kdbihemqbehkvebljh\
V
l_hj
(Cl
2
) =
W
)
Cl(V
2
=
e
= 105,26
e
AZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbb
105,26
e
o]
2222
= 4
fhev
fhev
fhev
M = 87
]fhev 9 efhev
m = 87
]
V = 22,4
e
MnO 4HCl = MnCl Cl
G2
ν
+++↑
ν
(HCl) = 4
⋅ν
(Cl
2
) = 4
⋅
l_hj
9&O
9
ν
= 4
⋅
= 18,8
fhev
GZc^_ffZkkm
MnO
2
:
] ²e
o]²e
o ]
Hl\_l
: V(HCl)
fhev
m(MnO
2
) = 408
]
<hijhk
Ij_^hk lZ\ey _ f\Zf\hafh`ghklvkZfbfih^mf Z lvgZ^wlbf\hijhkhf
<hijhk
F
²ihfh]Z_lij_^hl\jZsZlvlZdh_aZ[he_\Zgb_dZ ddZjb_kam[h\
Cl
²klbfmebj m_lh[f_g\_s_kl\jhkl\hehkijb^Z_l[h^jhklvb
kbem
Br
²j_]mebjm_lijhp_kku\ha[m`^_gbyblhjfh`_gby
p_gljZevghcg_j\ghckbkl_fuijbf_gy_lky^eye_q_gbyg_j\guo
[he_ag_c
I
²\eby_lgZ\ujZ[hldm]hjfhgZsblh\b^ghc`_e_au
_]hg_^hklZlhdijb\h^bld lZdhfmaZ[he_\ZgbxdZdwg^_fbq_kdbc
ah[
<lh`_\j_fy\k_]Zeh]_gu\oh^yl\ khklZ\y^h\bluohljZ\eyxsbo
\_s_kl\
Ijbba[uld_]Zeh]_gh\\ hj]Zgbaf_jZa\b\ZxlkyjZaebqgu_[he_agb
1
1
Hl\_l\aylbamq_[gbdZgZklj
37
<hijhk
< jhebm[bcpu\uklmiZ_l]Zeh ]_g ²oehj
—
]Zak_^dbfaZiZohf
[e_^gha_e_gh]hp\_lZy^h\blHibku\Z_lkyijbf_g_gb_\\hcg_
obfbq_kdh]hhjm`by
<hijhk
Ij_^hklZ\ey_f\Zf\hafh`ghklvihnZglZabjh\ZlvkZfbf
§ 20
Dbkehjh^
<hijhk
1) 4Al + 3O
2
= 2Al
2
O
3
; Al
0
± $O
3+
,
0
2
O
2
2–
2) 3Fe + 2O
2
=Fe
3
O
4
; Fe
0
±→
Fe
2+
, 2Fe
0
± →
2Fe
3+
,
0
2
O
2
2–
<hijhk
S + O
2
= SO
2
, 4P + 5O
2
= 2P
2
O
5
, C + O
2
= CO
2
.
<hijhk
DZlZebaZlhjZfbgZau\ZxlkylZ db_\_s _ k l\Z dhlhju_ih\urZxl
kdhjhklvj_ZdpbbghkZfbijbwlhf\ j_Zdpbxg_\klmiZxl<
ijbkmlkl\b_dZlZebaZlhjZ
— MnO
2
\ eZ[hjZlhjbbihemqZxlH
2
iml_fjZaeh`_gby+
2
O
2
.
2H
2
O
2
2
MnO
⇒
2H
2
O + O
2
↑
.
<hijhk
J_ZdpbyjZaeh`_gby
HgO:
2HgO
t
⇒
2Hg + O
2
↑
;
AZ^ZqZImklvmgZk_klv] aZ]jyag_ggh]h+J2Ba\_klghqlh
kh^_j`Zgb_ijbf_k_ckhklZ\ey_l <uoh^j_Zdpbb
%.
JZkkqblZcl_h[t_fdbkehjh^Zihemq_ggh]hijbjZaeh`_gbbhdkb^Z
jlmlb
J_r_gb_GZc^_ffZkkmqbklh]h+J2
m(HgO) = m
kf_kb
⋅ω
kf_kb
(HgO) = 10
⋅± ]
2)
W
fhev
fhev
0
]fhev
9
efhev
P
]
9
e
+J2 +J2
9H
2
)
l_hj
=
] e
]
⋅
e
3)
ijZdl
l_hj
92
92
= 0,8;
V(O
2
)
ijZdl
= V(O
2
)
l_hj
⋅ e⋅ e
Hl\_le dbkehjh^Zj _Zevgh\u^_ebehkv
38
<hijhk
J_Zdpbb]hj_gby ²j_Zdpbb\_s_kl\Zk dbkehjh^hfijhl_dZxsb_k
[hevrhckdhjhklvxk \u^_e_gb_f[hevrh]hdhebq_kl\Zl_ieZb
khijh\h`^Zxsb_ky\hkieZf_g_gb_f
>uoZgb_ ² wlh ijhp_kk f_^e_ggh]h hdbke_gby Hg aZdexqZ_lky \
ke_^mxs_fdbkehjh^^hklZ\ey_lky]_fh]eh[bghf djh\b\h\k_ldZgbb
de_ldb hj]ZgbafZ dbkehjh^ hdbkey_l m]e_\h^u h[jZamy ijb wlhf
m]e_dbkeuc ]Za b\h^m b hk\h[h`^Zy wg_j]bx g_h[oh^bfmx ^ey
hj]ZgbafZ
Koh^kl\h aZdexqZ_lky \lhf qlh h[Z ijhp_kkZ _klv ijhp_kku
hdbke_gby \ h[hbo kemqZyo \uk\h[h`^Z_lky wg_j]by \ j_amevlZl_
j_Zdpbch[jZamxlkyhdkb^u
JZaebqbyaZ dexqZxlky\ kdhjhklyohdbke_gby\ dhebq_kl\_
\u^_ey_fhcwg_j]bb
<hijhk
Nhlhkbgl_a ²wlhijh p_kk`bag_^_yl_evghklbjZkl_gby\
j_amevlZl_dhlhjh]hhgbih]ehsZxlKH
2
b \u^_eyxlH
2
.
>uoZgb_ ²wlhijhp_kk`bag_^_yl_evghklbjZkl_gby`b\hlgh]hb
q_eh\_dZ\ j_amevlZl_dhlhjh]hih]ehsZ_lkyH
2
b \u^_ey_lkyKH
2
.
Ijbnhlhkbgl_a_b^uoZgbb\ jZkl_gbyoijhbkoh^yl
ijhlb\hiheh`gu_ijhp_kku
<hijhk
Ijhy\bl_k\hbl\hjq_kdb_kihkh[ghklb\ gZibkZgbbkhqbg_gby
<hijhk
2F
2
+ H
2
O = 2HF + F
2
O;
) H )
hdbkebl_ev
\hkklZgh\bl_ev
2H 2
−
§ 21
K_jZ
<hijhk
>Zgh
: m(ZnS
ij d]ωijbf_kb
%.
GZclb
: V(SO
2
)
J_r_gb_GZc^_ffZkkm\_s_kl\Z[_aijbf_kb
m(ZnS)=m(ZnS
ij±P=Q6 ij⋅ωij d] ±d]⋅ d]
AZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbb
P
oe
fhev
fhev
0
]fhev
9
efhev
P
]
9
e
=Q6 2 =Q2 62
⋅
++
] ²e
388
⋅
10
3
] ²oe
39
o
⋅⋅
≈
100
⋅
10
3
e f
3
.
Hl\_l
: V(SO
2
f
3
.
<hijhk
3S
.KO2
3
= 2KCl + 3SO
2
↑
;
6H 6
\hkklZgh\bl_ev
hdbkebl_ev
&O H &O
−
<hijhk
S
→
1
HgS
→
2
SO
2
→
3
Na
2
SO
3
→
4
SO
2
→
5
SO
3
→
6
H
2
SO
4
.
1. S + Hg = HgS;
2. HgS + O
2
= SO
2
↑
+ Hg;
3. SO
2
+ 2NaOH = Na
2
SO
3
+ H
2
O;
4. Na
2
SO
3
+ 2HCl = 2NaCl + H
2
O + SO
2
↑
;
5. 2SO
2
+ O
2
= 2SO
3
;
6. SO
3
+ H
2
O = H
2
SO
4
.
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§ 22
Kh_^bg_gbyk_ju
<hijhk
Z K_jh\h^hjh^ ijhy\ey_l lhevdh \hkklZgh\bl_evgu_ k\hckl\Z ld
k_jZ\ ^Zgghfkh_^bg_gbbbf__lkl_i_gvhdbke_gby±gZbf_gvrZyba
\hafh`guo
2H
2
S + 3O
2
W
2H
2
O + 2SO
2
↑
.
[hdkb^k_ju,9fh`_lijhy\eylvk\hckl\ZdZdhdbkebl_eylZ db
\hkklZgh\bl_eyldkl_i_gvhdbke_gbyk_ju\^Zgghfkh_^bg_gbb
y\ey_lkyijhf_`mlhqghc
2SO
2
+ 3C
ba[
t
=
CS
2
+ 2CO
2
, SO
2
+ Cl
2
t
=
SO
2
Cl
2
;
\k_jZlZd`_fh`_lijhy\eylvhdbkebl_evgu_b \hkklZgh\bl_evgu_
kihkh[ghklbl_kl_i_gvhdbke_gbyk_juy\ey_lky
ijhf_`mlhqghc
S + H
2
= H
2
S
↑
, S + O
2
= SO
2
↑
;
40
]k_jgZydbkehlZijhy\ey_lhdbkebl_evgu_k\hckl\Zldkl_i_gv
hdbke_gbyk_juy\ey_lkyfZdkbfZevgh\hafh`ghc
2H
2
SO
dhgp
+Cu = CuSO
4
+SO
2
↑+2H
2
O.
<hijhk
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h[`b]_kmevnb^h\
2H
2
S+3O
2
t
=
2SO
2
↑+2H
2
O, 2ZnS+3O
2
t
=
2ZnO+2SO
2
↑.
K_jgbkluc]Z a 62
2
)
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ijhy\ey_ llbibqgu_k\hckl\Zdbkehlguohdkb^h\b ohjhrh
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SO
2
+H
2
O ∅ H
2
SO
3
.
Kh_^bg_gbyk_ju
IV): NaHSO
3,
Na
2
SO
3
b 62
2
bkihevamxlky^ey
hl[_eb\Zgbyr_jklbr_edZ[mfZ]bb khehfuZ lZd`_\ d Zq_kl\_
dhgk_j\bjmxsbokj_^kl\^eykhojZg_gbyk\_`boieh^h\bnjmdlh\
[Hdkb^k_ju9,ihemqZxlihke_^mxs_ cj_Zdpbb
2SO
2
+O
2
WFDW
2SO
3
.
Hdkb^k_ju9, ²[_kp\_lgZykbevgh^ufysZyk ygZ\ha ^mo_
`b^dhklvijhy\ey_llbibqgu_dbkehlgu_k\h ckl\ZjZkl\hjyykv\
\h^_h[jZam_lk_jgmxdbkehlm
H
2
O + SO
3
= H
2
SO
4
.
K_jgZydbkehlZ ²h^bgba\Z`g_crboijh^mdlh\ bkihevam_fuo\
jZaebqguohljZkeyoijhfure_gghklb
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bhgguoj_ZdpbyoGZijbf_j
BaCl
2
+ H
2
SO
4
⇒
BaSO
4
↓
+ 2HCl; Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2–
⇒
BaSO
4
↓
.
K_jgZydbkehlZijhy\ey_lk\hckl\Zhdbkebl_ey<H<J+
2
SO
4
\klmiZ_llhevdhdhgp_gljbjh\ZggZy
JZkkfhljbfj_Zdpbb+
2
SO
4
k f_lZeeZfb=Qb &Xk ihabpbb
hdbkebl_evgh\hkklZgh\ bl_evgu oj_Zdpbc
Zn + H
2
SO
jZa[
⇒
ZnSO
4
+ H
2
↑
,
Cu + 2H
2
SO
dhgp
⇒
CuSO
4
+ SO
2
↑
+ 2H
2
O.
B\lhfb\^jm]hfke mqZ_b^_lH<J gh\i_j\hcj_Zdpbbjhev
hdbkebl_eyb]jZxldZlbhguG
+
Z\h\lhjhc ²k_j Z
AZibr_fbhggh_mjZ\g_gb_^eyi_j\hcj_Zdpbb