Федоров М.П. и др. Информационно-компьютерные технологии в строительстве. Применение программы SCAD для расчета сооружений на динамические воздействия

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ɉɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ (ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ «ɝɚɪɦ.-3»)

ɜɵɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ (ɫɦ. (2.78) ɢɪɢɫ. 2.7, ɚ, ɛ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ 1 ɍɆɄ

ɢɜ [4]):

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| ɉȿɊȿɆȿɓȿɇɂə ɍɁɅɈȼ, ɦɦ |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| 1 2 3 4 5 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| 1 - ( ɫɜ-ɛ) |

| Z -1.034 -1.452 -1.034 |

| 2 - ( ɫɜ-ɞ) |

| Z -.4992 -.7262 -.4992 |

| 3 - 1 ( ɝɚɪɦ-3 ) |

| Z -.2895 -.4174 -.2895 (ɪɢɫ. 14,ɚ) |

| 3 - 2 |

| Z .0557 .08 .0557 (ɪɢɫ. 14,ɛ) |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ɉɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɷɩɸɪ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɞɟɫɶ

ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ) ɜɵɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɢɠɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ

ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ

ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ

ccc

ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ (ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɋɎɄ) ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɢ

ɷɩɸɪɵ

ɢ MM

ɧɚ 14, ɜ, ɝ).

------------------------------------------------------------------

| ɍɋɂɅɂə ȼɗɅȿɆȿɇɌȺɏ, ɬɫ·ɦ |

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 2_ 1-1 1-2 2-1 2-2 3-1 3-2 4-1 4-2

------------------------------------------------------------------

| 1 - ( ɫɜ-ɛ)

| M 3.6 3.6 4.8 4.8 3.6 3.6 |

| 2 - ( ɫɜ-ɞ) |

| M 1.5 1.5 3. 3. 1.5 1.5 |

| 3 - 1 ( ɝɚɪɦ-3) |

| M .9224 .9224 1.652 1.652 .9224 .9224 |

| 3 - 2

| M -.1827 -.1827 -.3099 -.3099 -.1827 -.1827 |

| 3 – S1 |

| M .9403 .9403 1.68 1.68 .9403 .9403 |

------------------------------------------------------------------

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɜ ɭɡɥɚɯ k ɛɚɥɤɢ ɜɵɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ

ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɷɩɸɪɵ

ɪɞ,

ɩɪɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ 3 «ɝɚɪɦ-3»

(ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 14,

ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɜ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ).

ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɤɨɦɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ

ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɨɬ

ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɟɟ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ

ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ

. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 14, ɞ ɲɬɪɢɯɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɷɩɸɪɚ M

ɫɬ

ɨɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ

151

ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɷɩɸɪɵ

ɞɫɬ

MMM r ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ.

Ʉɪɢɜɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɩɸɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɦɢ

ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ (ɫɦ. ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ (ɪɢɫ.

8)), ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 14 ɧɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɚ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ 1 ɍɆɄ ɢ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ [4]

ɮɨɪɦɭɥ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ

ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ. ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɋɑ ɢ ɋɎɄ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɤɚɤ

ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ.

1. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɜ ɋɎɄ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.70) (ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ

ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɜɡɹɬɵɯ ɢɡ ɱɚɫɬɢ 1 ɍɆɄ ɢ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ [4]).

ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.60) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ

)...,,2,1( ni

K , ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨ

ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.64) – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ

ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɋɎɄ ɢ ɩɨ

ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.74) – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ

E (ɩɪɢ 0

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɋɎɄ (

1 i ) ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɢɠɟ, ɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ

ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɋɎɄ (i = 1, 2, 3) ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.2.



313131

108.0

7.0

2.1

7.2

2.1

7.017.0

42.0

7.017.0

)(



 K

yGy

uMu

;

076.0

108.0

076.0

7.0

108.0

31111

K K

11.2

)51.72/33.52(1

)/(1



ZT

;



E E

19.0

62.0

19.0

11.2

091.0

292.0

091.0

11.2

076.0

108.0

076.0

2.1

7.2

2.1

ˤˤ

1,4

1,3

1,2

11111o

Ms ɬɫ.

2. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ

ɩɨ ɋɎɄ. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ

ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 2.2. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ

ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (2.58) ɞɥɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (2.59) ɞɥɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ

ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ (2.55), ɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ

ɜ ɜɢɞɟ:

152

1111

ˤˤˤ

MMuMp

(2.81)

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.2

1/ɫ,

ɦ/ɫ,ˤ

ɬɫ,ˤ

E ɬɫ,

1 0.108

076.0

108.0

076.0

091.0

292.0

091.0

2.11

19.0

62.0

19.0

2 0

3 -0.076



076.0

047.0

076.0



091.0

127.0

091.0



091.0

127.0

091.0

ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ (2.81) ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ:





091.0

127.0

091.0

292.0

091.0

42.0

(2.82)

3. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɜ ɋɎɄ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ k ɛɚɥɤɢ. ȼɟɤɬɨɪɭ

ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ

s (2.70) ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɨɜ ɛɚɥɤɢ

u (2.69) ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ

ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ

, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.71). Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɱɧɵɯ

ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ (2.69) ɦ (2.71) ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɦɫɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɚ

ɢ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɥɤɢ (ɭɡɟɥ 3 ɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɆɄɗ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ) (ɬɚɛɥ.2.2).

4. ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɋɎɄ,

ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.76) ɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.79). ɗɬɨɬ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɋɎɄ (ɩɪɢ

)

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.76) ɩɪɢ ɫɢɧɭɫɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɦ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.2

ɦɦ,

ɦɬɫ,



04.0

7.5257

228.0

11.2

)51.72(

108.0

 Z

ɦɬɫ62.1219.045.0

 



 M

2 0 0

)664(

047.0

| Z

ɦɬɫ072.02091.040275.0

  M

ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ (ɛɟɡ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɩɨ ɮɚɡɟ) ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ

ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ

ɋɎɄ, ɬ. ɤ. ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɫɢɥ ɧɟɭɩɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɧɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨ:

153





1.0

75.0

1.0

091.0

127.0

091.0

19.0

62.0

19.0

ɪ4

ɪ3

ɪ2

ɬɫ.

(2.83)

ȼ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD

ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ

ɋɎɄ, ɚ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ

(2.79). Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ

ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɫɹ (2.84) ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɜɢɞɚ (1.112).







1.0

74.0

1.0

028.0

127.0

028.0

096.0

73.0

096.0

ɪ4

ɪ3

ɪ2

sss

ɬɫ.

(2.84)

ɗɬɨɬ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD ɧɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ.

5. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɥɤɢ.

ɋɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ

ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɥɤɢ (ɭɡɟɥ 3 ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɆɄɗ ɛɚɥɤɢ) ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɋɎɄ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ.

2.4), ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ (ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɫɢɥ ɧɟɭɩɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ) ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.85)

ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɣ (2.83):

69.1072.0062.1

ɪ3



ɬɫ·ɦ.

(2.85)

ȼ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD ɷɬɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (2.80)

(ɫɦ. ɫɬɪɨɤɭ S1 ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD):

ɦɬɫ68.1)31.0()65.1(

ɪ3

  M .

(2.86)

Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ

(ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD ɢ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ), ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ.

ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɞɜɭɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɫɯɟɦɚɦ

ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɛɚɥɤɢ ɩɨ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɟɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɚ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɝɢɛɚɸɳɟɝɨ

ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɜɭɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɫɯɟɦɚɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɠɟ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ

ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨ ɢɫɤɨɦɵɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦ.

ɇɨɦɟɪɚ ɫɫɵɥɨɤ ɧɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ

ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɩɢɫɤɭ ɤ ɍɆɄ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ

ɧɚ ɫ. 123.

154

ɋȺɇɄɌ-ɉȿɌȿɊȻɍɊȽɋɄɂɃ

ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ɉɈɅɂɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ

ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ

ɇɀȿɇȿɊɇɈ-ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɇɕɃ ɎȺɄɍɅɖɌȿɌ

Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ

Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ

ɈɌɑȿɌ

ɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ 2

Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ȼɗɍ

ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD

(ɲɢɮɪ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ)

ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɥ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ

Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ

ɋ.-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ

2009

155

ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ

ɫ.

Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ…...........................................................................................................................

156

1. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɋɑ ɢ ɋɎɄ ȼɗɍ (ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ)……………………………

158

1.1 Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ (ɛɟɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD) ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɋɑ

ȼɗɍ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ……………………. 158

1.2 Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɋɑ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɋɎɄ ȼɗɍ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ

ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD ɞɥɹ ɉɄ. 159

2. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ȼɗɍ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ

ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ȼɄ, ɩɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ

ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ………………………………………………….

162

3. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ȼɗɍ ɧɚ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨ ɋɇɂɉ [18] «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɜ

ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ» ɩɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ

ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ…………………………………………………………………………………

166

4. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ȼɗɍ ɧɚ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɧɚ ɛɚɲɧɸ….…………..…

173

156

ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ ɝɪ.

ɁȺȾȺɇɂȿ

ɩɨ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ

Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ȼɗɍ

ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD

(

ɲɢɮɪ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ABCD = )

Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ:

1. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ (ɋɑ) ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ

ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ȼɗɍ.

Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ:

1. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ȼɗɍ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ [4].

Ɂɚɞɚɱɭ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD ɢ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ.

2. Ɉɛɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ [4, 9].

ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. 2.1 ɬɢɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ)

1. ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɝɨɧɞɨɥɵ (ɫ ȼɄ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ)

m = 6000 ɤɝ.

2. Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɛɚɲɧɹ (ɫɬɚɥɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ) ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ

l = 29 ɦ ɫ ɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɛɚɲɧɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ

d = 2.1 ɦ ɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ

t = 10 ɦɦ.

3. ɇɢɠɧɟɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɲɧɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɠɟɫɬɤɨ ɡɚɳɟɦɥɟɧɧɵɦ.

2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɬ ɛɚɲɧɢ ȼɗɍ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ, ɩɪɢ

ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ

ɜɟɬɪɨɤɨɥɟɫɚ (ȼɄ)

Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ:

1. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɦ [4] ɢɫ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹɯ [1, 2, 4, 23].

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ.

ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ

1. Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ȼɄ –

ɜɤ

D = 18 ɦ.

2. Ɇɚɫɫɚ ȼɄ –

ɜɤ

m = 2600 ɤɝ.

3. ɗɤɫɰɟɧɬɪɢɫɢɬɟɬ

e ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɦɚɫɫ ȼɄ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɨɫɢ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ȼɄ

(ɩɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ [24]) ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 0.25%

ɜɤ

D , ɬ.ɟ.: e = 0.0025

ɜɤ

D .

4. ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ȼɄ –

ɜɤ

= 100 ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ.

5. Ʌɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɛɚɲɧɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ

ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɋɇɢɉ [26] ɪɚɜɟɧ

= 0.15.

3. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɬ ɛɚɲɧɢ ȼɗɍ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɢ

ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ-ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ (ɅɋɌ) ɬɟɨɪɢɢ

ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ

Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ:

157

1. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɲɢɦ ɋɇɢɉ «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɜ

ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ» [18]. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɋɇɢɉ [18],

ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ 1 ɍɆɄ ɢ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ [4]. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ

ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ.

ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ

ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨ ɋɇɢɉ

1. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ȼɗɍ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɜ

Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɲɤɚɥɟ MSK-64 [6, 7], – 9 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ.

2. ɋɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ

SCAD ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɷɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ

ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ X.

4. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɬ ɛɚɲɧɢ ȼɗɍ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ ɨɬ

ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ȼɗɍ

Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ:

1. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɲɧɸ ȼɗɍ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ

ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɋɇɢɉ «ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ» [26].

2. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ȼɄ ȼɗɍ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦ

ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ [7].

ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɤ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ 2

(ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɫ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɤ ɍɆɄ (ɫ. 123)

1. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ., Ʌɚɥɢɧ ȼ.ȼ., Ʌɚɥɢɧɚ ɂ.ɂ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ

ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD. ɍɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ:

ɋɉɛ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɉɨɥɢɬɟɯɧ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ. 2007.460ɫ.

2. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ., Ʌɚɥɢɧ ȼ.ȼ., Ʌɚɥɢɧɚ ɂ.ɂ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ. ɑɚɫɬɶ 1.

Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɵɯ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD.

ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ: ɋɉɛ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɉɨɥɢɬɟɯɧ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ. 2008.260ɫ.

4. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ., Ʌɚɥɢɧ ȼ.ȼ., Ʌɚɥɢɧɚ ɂ.ɂ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɍɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. ɋɉɛ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɉɨɥɢɬɟɯɧ.

ɭɧ-ɬɚ, 2007. 124 ɫ

9. ȿɥɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ȼ.ȼ., Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ., ɉɚɧɮɢɥɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ

ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ «ȼɟɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ – ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ – ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ». ɍɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. ɋɉɛ.:

ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɋɉɛȽɌɍ, 1999, 49ɫ.

15. Ʉɨɪɟɧɟɜ Ȼ.Ƚ., Ɋɚɛɢɧɨɜɢɱ ɂ.Ɇ. ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ. Ɇ.:

ɋɬɪɨɣɢɡɞɚɬ, 1972.

18. ɋɇɢɉ II-7-81*. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ /Ƚɨɫɫɬɪɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. Ɇ.,

2000.

23. Ʉɚɪɩɢɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȼ.ɋ., Ʉɪɢɤɫɭɧɨɜ ɗ.Ɂ., Ɇɚɥɹɪɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.Ⱥ., ɉɟɪɟɥɶɦɭɬɟɪ Ⱥ.ȼ.,

ɉɟɪɟɥɶɦɭɬɟɪ Ɇ.Ⱥ. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ SCAD: – Ɇ.:ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ⱥɋȼ, 2004. – 592 ɫ.

24. ȿɥɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ȼ.ȼ., Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɜ ɂ.Ⱥ., ɉɚɧɮɢɥɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ

ɜɟɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɧɚ ɟɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɍɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. ɋɉɛ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ

ɋɉɛȽɌɍ, 1999. 38 ɫ.

26. ɋɇɢɉ 2.01.07



85. ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ /Ƚɨɫɤɨɦɢɬɟɬ ɋɋɋɊ Ɇ.,1987.

158

1. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɋɑ ɢ ɋɎɄ ȼɗɍ (ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ)

1.1.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ (ɛɟɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD) ɩɟɪɜɨɣ

ɋɑ ȼɗɍ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ

Ȼɭɞɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ȼɗɍ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ

ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ (ɪɢɫ. 1.1, ɚ).

ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ:

ɦɚɫɫɚ ɝɨɧɞɨɥɵ

m , ɤɝ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɤ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ

ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɢ ɛɚɲɧɢ ɫ ɟɟ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ;

ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɛɚɲɧɢ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ

ɛɛɛ

A

, ɤɝ/ɦ, ɝɞɟ

tdA )(

, – ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɚɲɧɢ,

ɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɚ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɫɫɚɦɢ

ɛɩɪɩɪ

mkm  ,

ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɰɚɦ ɛɚɲɧɢ.

ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɛɚɲɧɢ )(

ɛɛɛɛɛɛ

lAlm 

, ɤɝ,

ɭɦɧɨɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ

ɩɪ

k , ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɆɄɗ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɧɚ

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɚɲɧɹ ȼɗɍ. ȼ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɛɚɲɧɹ

ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɨɞɧɢɦ Ʉɗ ɬɢɩɚ 2 (ɩɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SCAD).

ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɚ Ʉɗ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɫɫɚɦɢ,

ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɰɚɦ Ʉɗ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ

ɩɪ

k = 0.5 ɢ

ɛɩɪ

5.0 mm .

Ⱦɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɤɚ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɦ.

ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɛɚɲɧɹ ȼɗɍ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɠɟɫɬɤɨ ɡɚɳɟɦɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ.

5.0 l

ɩɪ

ɩɪɝ

mmm 

ɩɪ

ɩɪɝ

mmm 

Ɋɢɫ. 1.1

)ɛ

)ɚ

159

ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɛɚɲɧɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɤ ɧɢɠɧɟɦɭ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɸ, ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɷɬɨ

ɡɚɳɟɦɥɟɧɧɨɟ (ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɟ) ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɲɧɢ, ɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ (ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ

ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ

ɩɪɝ

mmm  ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɲɧɢ) ɦɨɠɟɬ

ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɜ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ

ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ.

ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ (ɩɟɪɜɚɹ) ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ

ɤɪɭɝɨɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ

ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ

111

, ɪɚɞ/ɫ.

(1.1)

ȼ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ [9] ɷɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɞɥɹ ȼɗɍ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɤ ɜɢɞɭ:

ɛɛ

, ɪɚɞ/ɫ.

(1.2)

Ɂɞɟɫɶ:

ɩɪ

)(

kn 

;

n ;

trI

ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ:

ɬ,

066.001.0)1.214.3(

 A

;

52.0066.085.7



ɬ/ɦ;

1.152952.0

 m ɬ; 4.0

1.15

n ; 35.1

)5.04.0(



0806.2

 eE ɤɇ/ɦ

; 0363.001.0)05.1(14.3

 I ɦ

7477800

ɛɛ

IE ɤɇ·ɦ

=7477800·(ɬ·ɦ/ɫ

)·ɦ

Ɍɨɝɞɚ

2.8)

(

52.0

7477800

)ɦ(29

35.1

(1/ɫ), (ɪɚɞ/ɫ).

(1.3)

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ [9], ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɋɑ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

ɩɪ

k =33/140=0.24. Ɍɨɝɞɚ

47.1

)24.04.0(



D ɢ

74.9)

(

52.0

7477800

)ɦ(29

47.1

Z (1/ɫ), (ɪɚɞ/ɫ).

(1.4)

ɋɎɄ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ

ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɫɫɵ m .

ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SCAD ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ

ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɛɚɲɧɹ ȼɗɍ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ (Ʉɗ)

ɬɢɩɚ 2 «ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɦɵ». ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɛɚɲɧɢ ɤ